Difference between revisions 12438904 and 12454049 on arwiki{{تحيز}} {{مصدر|تاريخ=نوفمبر_2009}} {{تهذ|تاريخ=سبتمبر 2011}} {{تاريخ تركيا}} تاريخ الأتراك تبدأ هجرة الأتراك Oghuz [1] في الأناضول في سياق التوسع الأكبر التركية، وتشكيل الإمبراطورية السلجوقية في القرن 11th. [2] وبعد انتصار السلاجقة على قوات الامبراطورية البيزنطية في عام 1071 في معركة ملاذكرد، [3] وقد تسارعت هذه العملية، وكان يشار إلى البلاد بأنها "Turchia" في أوروبا في وقت مبكر من القرن 12th. [4] وتسيطر تركيا السلجوقية سلالة حين غزت البلاد من قبل المغول التالية معركة Kosedag. وخلال السنوات عندما (contracted; show full)* [[المذكرة العسكرية 1997 (تركيا)]] * [[فتاة شقراء وضوء القمر وبريق البحر والقفاز]] * [[محاولة انقلاب 2009 في تركيا]] == المراجع == {{مراجع}} == قائمة المراجع == * Barkey, Karen. ''Empire of Difference: The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective.'' (2008) 357pp [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0521715334/ excerpt and text search] * Findley, Carter V. ''The Turks in World History'' (2004) ISBN 0-19-517726-6 * Findley, Carter V. ''Turkey, Islam, Nationalism, and Modernity: A History'' (2011) * Finkel, Caroline. ''Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire'' (2006), standard scholarly survey [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0465023967/ excerpt and text search] * Goffman, Daniel. ''The Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe'' (2002) [http://www.questia.com/read/107381987 online edition] * Goodwin, Jason. ''Lords of the Horizons: A History of the Ottoman Empire'' (2003) [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0312420668/ excerpt and text search] * Hale, William. ''Turkish Foreign Policy, 1774-2000.'' (2000). 375 pp. * Inalcik, Halil and Quataert, Donald, ed. ''An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1914.'' 1995. 1026 pp. * Kedourie, Sylvia, ed. ''Seventy-Five Years of the Turkish Republic'' (1999). 237 pp. * Kedourie, Sylvia. ''Turkey Before and After Ataturk: Internal and External Affairs'' (1989) 282pp * Kinross, Patrick). ''The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire'' (1977) ISBN 0-688-03093-9. * Kosebalaban, Hasan. ''Turkish Foreign Policy: Islam, Nationalism, and Globalization'' (Palgrave Macmillan; 2011) 240 pages; examines tensions among secularist nationalism, Islamic nationalism, secular liberalism, and Islamic liberalism in shaping foreign policy since the 1920s; concentrates on era since 2003 * Kunt, Metin and Woodhead, Christine, ed. ''Süleyman the Magnificent and His Age: The Ottoman Empire in the Early Modern World.'' 1995. 218 pp. * Mango, Andrew. ''Ataturk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey'' (2000) ISBN 1-58567-011-1 * Mango, Cyril. ''The Oxford History of Byzantium'' (2002). ISBN 0-19-814098-3 * Quataert, Donald. ''The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922'' (2005), standard scholarly survey [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0521547822/ excerpt and text search] * Shaw, Stanford J., and Ezel Kural Shaw. ''History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. Vol. 2, Reform, Revolution, and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey, 1808–1975.'' (1977). [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0521291666/ excerpt and text search] ISBN 0-521-29163-1 === التأريخ === * Eissenstat, Howard. "History and Historiography: Politics and Memory in the Turkish Republic." ''Contemporary European History'' 2003 12(1): 93-105. Issn: 0960-7773 * Heywood, Colin. ''Writing Ottoman History: Documents and Interpretations.'' Ashgate, 2002. 376 pp. == وصلات خارجية == * [http://www.ucc.ie/chronicon/3/hakki.pdf Murat Metin Hakki, Surviving the Pressure of the Superpowers: an Analysis of Turkish Neutrality during the Second World War] {{موضوعات عن تاريخ تركيا}} {{تاريخ آسيا}} {{تاريخ أوروبا}} {{تصنيف كومنز|History of Turkey}} [[تصنيف:تاريخ تركيا|*]]⏎ [[تصنيف:أناضول]] [[تصنيف:تاريخ غرب آسيا]] {{وصلة مقالة مختارة|hu}} All content in the above text box is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license Version 4 and was originally sourced from https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=prev&oldid=12454049.
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