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{{অনুবাদ}}
{{taxobox
|name = Clove
|image =Syzygium_aromaticum_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-030.jpg
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|phylum = [[Angiosperm]]s
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicot]]s
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosid]]s
|ordo = [[Myrtales]]
|familia = [[Myrtaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Syzygium]]''
|species = '''''S. aromaticum'''''
|binomial = ''Syzygium aromaticum''
|binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) Merrill & Perry 
|synonyms_ref=<ref name="GRIN">{{GRIN | name = ''Syzygium aromaticum'' (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry | id = 50069 | accessdate = June 9, 2011}}</ref>
|synonyms=
*''Caryophyllus aromaticus'' <small>L.</small>
*''Eugenia aromatica'' <small>(L.) Baill.</small>
*''Eugenia caryophyllata'' <small>Thunb.</small>
*''Eugenia caryophyllus'' <small>(Spreng.) Bullock & S. G. Harrison</small>
|}}
'''লং'''(Syzygium aromaticum, আন নাম Eugenia aromaticum or Eugenia caryophyllata) এবিধ মচলা।   লং গছৰ ফুলৰ গুটিক শুকুৱাই লং মছলা তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।   Cloves are the aromatic dried [[flower]] [[bud]]s of a tree in the family [[Myrtaceae]]. Cloves are native to the [[Maluku islands]] in [[Indonesia]] and used as a [[spice]] in cuisines all over the world. Cloves are harvested primarily in [[Indonesia]], [[India]], [[Madagascar]], [[Zanzibar]], [[Pakistan]], and [[Sri Lanka]]. They have a numbing effect on mouth tissues.

The clove tree is an [[evergreen]] that grows to a height ranging from 8–12&nbsp;m, having large [[leaf|leaves]] and sanguine flowers in numerous groups of terminal clusters. The flower buds are at first of a pale color and gradually become green, after which they develop into a bright red, when they are ready for collecting. Cloves are harvested when 1.5–2&nbsp;cm long, and consist of a long [[calyx (botany)|calyx]], terminating in four spreading [[sepal]]s, and four unopened petals which form a small ball in the center.

== Taxonomy and nomenclature ==
The [[scientific name]] of clove is ''Syzygium aromaticum''. It belongs to the genus ''[[Syzygium]]'', tribe [[Syzygieae]], and subfamily [[Myrtoideae]] of the   family [[Myrtaceae]]. It is classified in the order of [[Myrtales]], which belong to superorder [[Rosids]], under [[Eudicots]] of [[Dicotyledonae]]. Clove is an Angiospermic plant and belongs to division of [[Magnoliophyta]] in the kingdom [[Plantae]].<ref name="GRIN"/>

The English name derives from Latin ''clavus'' 'nail' (also the origin of French ''clou'' and Spanish ''clavo'', 'nail') as the buds vaguely resemble small irregular nails in shape. The Clove was once one of the world's most valuable and expensive commodities. The clove was to provide an impetus for the Dutch colonialisation of Indonesia.

== Uses ==
[[Imageচিত্ৰ:ClovesDried.jpg|left|thumb|Dried cloves]]
[[Fileচিত্ৰ:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kruidnagelmodel van een prauw TMnr A-4405a.jpg|thumb|Clove model of a [[proa]]]]
[[Fileচিত্ৰ:2005clove.PNG|thumb|Clove output in 2005]]

Cloves are often used in Asian, African, and Middle Eastern cooking in adding flavor to meats, curries, and meat marinades.   They are also used to create sweet dishes, such as with fruits like apples, pears, or rhubarb.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.helpwithcooking.com/spice-guide/cloves.html|title=Guide to cloves with information on the history of cloves and recipe ideas|accessdate=24 June 2012|publisher=helpwithcooking.com}}</ref>

In [[Mexican cuisine]], cloves are best known as ''clavos de olor'', and often used together with [[cumin]] and [[cinnamon]].<ref>Dorenburg, Andrew and Page, Karen. ''The New American Chef: Cooking with the Best Flavors and Techniques from Around the World'', John Wiley and Sons Inc., ©2003.</ref>

Considered a very strong spice due to the eugenol chemical that makes up most of the clove's taste (85 percent), the quantity of clove used in recipes is usually small.<ref name="hunting">{{cite web|url=http://www.seriouseats.com/2011/02/spice-hunting-clove-sweet-savory-spice.html|title=Spice Hunting:Cloves|accessdate=24 June 2012|date=10 February 2011|author=Falkowitz, Max}}</ref>   It pairs well with [[cinnamon]], [[allspice]], [[vanilla]], [[red wine]], and [[basil]], as well as with uncommon combinations like [[onion]], citrus peel, [[star anise]] or peppercorns.<ref name="hunting" />

=== Non-culinary uses ===
The spice is used in a type of cigarette called ''[[kretek]]'' in Indonesia.<ref name="GRIN"/> Kreteks have been smoked throughout [[Europe]], [[Asia]] and the United States. In 2009, clove cigarettes (as well as fruit and candy flavored cigarettes) were outlawed in the US.<ref>{{cite web|author=Tobacco |url=http://www.fda.gov/TobaccoProducts/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/FlavoredTobacco/default.htm |title=Flavored Tobacco |publisher=Fda.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-09-07}}</ref> 

Clove also works as an ant repellant.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wofome.com/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=872&sid=dcf27675ac3b3453750b182f9b7e68cd |title=Tips for Home and Garden |publisher=Wofome.com |date= |accessdate= }}</ref>

===  Traditional medicinal uses  ===
Cloves are used in [[India]]n [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] medicine, [[Chinese medicine]], and western [[herbalism]] and [[dentistry]] where the [[Oil of cloves|essential oil]] is used as an [[anodyne]] (painkiller) for dental emergencies. Cloves are used as a [[carminative]], to increase hydrochloric acid in the stomach and to improve [[peristalsis]]. Cloves are also said to be a natural [[anthelmintic]].<ref>Balch, Phyllis and Balch, James. ''Prescription for Nutritional Healing'',(contracted; show full)-07}}</ref> Some recommend avoiding more than occasional use of cloves internally in the presence of [[Ayurveda|pitta]] inflammation such as is found in acute flares of autoimmune diseases.<ref>{{cite web|author=by posted by Dr. Tillotson |url=http://oneearthherbs.squarespace.com/diseases/special-diets-for-illness.html |title=Tilotson, Alan. '&#39;Special Diets for Illness'&#39; |publisher=Oneearthherbs.squarespace.com |date=2005-04-03 |accessdate=2012-09-07}}</ref>

===
  Modern medicinal uses and pharmaceutical preparations  ===
{{medref|section|date=July 2012}}
Western studies have supported the use of cloves and clove oil for dental pain.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} However, studies to determine its effectiveness for fever reduction, as a mosquito repellent and to prevent premature ejaculation have been inconclusive.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} Clove may reduce blood sugar levels.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-clove.html |title=National Institutes of Health, M(contracted; show full)=Spice: The History of a Temptation | publisher=Vintage Books | year=2004 | isbn=0-375-70705-0 | pages=xv}}</ref> In fact, it is believed that the oldest clove tree in the world, named "Afo," is found on Ternate—the tree being between 350 and 400 years old.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-18551857|title=The world's oldest clove tree|publisher=BBC News Magazine|date=23 June 2012|author=Worrall, Simon|accessdate=24 June 2012}}</ref>
   Seedlings from this Afo tree were stolen by a Frenchman named Poivre in 1770, transferred to France, and then later to [[Zanzibar]] which is today the world's largest producer of cloves.<ref name="BBC" /> 

(contracted; show full)

In the 3rd century BC, a [[China|Chinese]] leader in the [[Han Dynasty]] required those who addressed them to chew cloves so as to freshen their breath.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter=1: Cultural State Formation in Eastern Indonesia|first=Leonard Y.|last=Andaya|title=Southeast Asia in the early modern era: trade, power, and belief|editor-first=Anthony|editor-last=Reid|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=1993|isbn=978-0-8014-8093-5}}</ref>
   Cloves were traded by [[Muslim]] sailors and merchants during the [[Middle Ages]] in the profitable [[Indian Ocean]] trade, the Clove trade is also mentioned by [[Ibn Battuta]] and even famous [[One Thousand and One Nights]] characters such [[Sinbad the Sailor]] is known to have bought and sold Cloves.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://classiclit.about.com/library/bl-etexts/arabian/bl-arabian-3sindbad.htm |title=The Third Voyage of Sindbad the Seaman - The Arabian Nights - The Thousand and One Nights - Sir Richard Burton translator |publisher=Classiclit.about.com |date=2012-04-10 |accessdate=2012-09-07}}</ref>   And archeologists found cloves within a ceramic vessel in [[Syria]] along with evidence dating the find to within a few years of 1721 BC.<ref name="Turner" />

== Active compounds ==
[[Imageচিত্ৰ:Eugenol acsv.svg|thumb|right|The compound [[eugenol]] is responsible for most of the characteristic aroma of cloves.]]

[[Eugenol]] comprises 72-90% of the [[essential oil]] extracted from cloves, and is the compound most responsible for the cloves' aroma. Other important essential oil constituents of clove oil include [[acetyl eugenol]], beta-[[caryophyllene]] and [[vanillin]], [[crategolic acid]], tannins such as [[bicornin]],<ref>Hydrolysable Tannins Isolated from Syzygium aromaticum: Structu(contracted; show full)

Eugenol can be toxic in relatively small quantities—as low as 5 ml.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 8215554 | year = 1993 | last1 = Hartnoll | first1 = G | last2 = Moore | first2 = D | last3 = Douek | first3 = D | title = Near fatal ingestion of oil of cloves | volume = 69 | issue = 3 | pages = 392–3 | pmc = 1029532 | journal = Archives of Disease in Childhood | doi = 10.1136/adc.69.3.392}}</ref>




==
  তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ  ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons|Category:Clove|লং}}  

[[শ্ৰেণী:উদ্ভিদজগত]]
[[শ্ৰেণী:পাকঘৰ]]

[[am:ቅርንፉድ]]
[[ar:قرنفل]]
[[arz:قرنفل]]
[[az:Mixək]]
[[be:Гваздзік, прыправа]]
[[bg:Карамфил (подправка)]]
[[bn:লবঙ্গ]]
[[bo:ལི་ཤི།]]
[[bs:Klinčić]]
[[ca:Clavell d'espècia]]
[[co:Viulaccia]]
[[cs:Hřebíček]]
[[cv:Гвоздика ( техĕм )]]
[[da:Kryddernellike]]
[[de:Gewürznelke]]
[[dv:ކަރަންފޫ]]
[[el:Γαριφαλόδενδρο]]
[[en:Clove]]
[[eo:Kariofilo]]
[[es:Syzygium aromaticum]]
[[et:Nelk (vürts)]]
[[eu:Iltze (espezia)]]
[[fa:میخک صدپر]]
[[fi:Mausteneilikka]]
[[fr:Giroflier]]
[[gd:Clo-mheas]]
[[gl:Craveiro de India]]
[[he:ציפורן (תבלין)]]
[[hi:लौंग]]
[[hr:Klinčić]]
[[hsb:Prawy nalikowc]]
[[ht:Jiwòf]]
[[hu:Szegfűszeg]]
[[id:Cengkih]]
[[io:Kariofilo]]
[[it:Eugenia caryophyllata]]
[[ja:クローブ]]
[[jv:Cengkèh]]
[[ka:მიხაკის ხე]]
[[kbd:Къэрмэфибл]]
[[kn:ಲವಂಗ]]
[[ko:정향나무 (도금양과)]]
[[ksh:Jrovvötsnäähl]]
[[ku:Mêxek]]
[[la:Syzygium aromaticum]]
[[lb:Neelcheskapp]]
[[li:Groffelsnagel]]
[[lt:Kvapnusis gvazdikmedis]]
[[lv:Nagliņkoks]]
[[mk:Каранфилче]]
[[ml:കരയാമ്പൂ]]
[[mr:लवंग]]
[[ms:Cengkih]]
[[my:လေးညှင်းပင်]]
[[ne:ल्वाङको बोट]]
[[nl:Kruidnagel]]
[[nn:Nelliktre]]
[[no:Kryddernellik]]
[[nrm:Cliou d'giroufl'ye]]
[[oc:Giròfle]]
[[or:ଲବଙ୍ଗ]]⏎
[[pl:Goździki]]
[[pnb:لونگ]]
[[ps:لونګ]]
[[pt:Cravo-da-índia]]
[[ro:Cuișoare]]
[[ru:Гвоздика (пряность)]]
[[sa:लवङ्गम्]]
[[sh:Klinčić]]
[[simple:Clove]]
[[sk:Klinčekovec voňavý]]
[[sl:Nageljnove žbice]]
[[su:Cengkéh]]
[[sv:Kryddnejlika]]
[[ta:கிராம்பு]]
[[te:లవంగము]]
[[th:กานพลู]]
[[tr:Karanfil (baharat)]]
[[uk:Гвоздика (пряність)]]
[[vi:Đinh hương (gia vị)]]
[[vls:Kruudnoagel]]
[[wa:Djirofe]]
[[yi:נעגעלע]]
[[zh:丁香]]