Revision 97840 of "Huế" on cbk_zamwiki

{{Coord|16|28|N|107|35|E|region:VN_type:city|display=title}}
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{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Huế
|official_name            = 
|other_name               =
|native_name              = 
|nickname                 = 
|settlement_type          = [[Las ciudades na Vietnam|Ciudad]]
|total_type               = 
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|subdivision_type         = [[Anexo:Maga Nacion del Mundo|Nacion]]
|subdivision_name         = [[Vietnam]]
|subdivision_type1        = [[Provincia de Vietnam|Provincia]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Thua Thien-Hue]]
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|coordinates              = {{Coord|16|28|N|107|35|E|region:VN_type:city|display=inline}}
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|website                  = [http://huecity.gov.vn/ huecity.gov.vn]
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}} 
'''Huế''' ([[wikt:化|化]] in [[chữ Nôm]]) is the capital city of [[Thua Thien-Hue Province|Thừa Thiên - Huế province]], [[Vietnam]]. Between 1802 and 1945, it was the imperial capital of the [[Nguyễn Dynasty]]. As such, it is well known for its monuments and architecture. Its population stands at about 340,000 people.

== History ==
Huế originally rose to prominence as the capital of the [[Nguyễn Lords]], a feudal dynasty which dominated much of southern Vietnam from the 17<sup>th</sup> to the 19<sup>th</sup> century. In 1775 when [[Trinh Sam]] captured it, it was known as ''[[Phú Xuân]]''. In 1802, Nguyễn Phúc Ánh (later Emperor [[Gia Long]]) succeeded in establishing his control over the whole of Vietnam, thereby making Huế the national capital.<ref>Woodside, Alexander (1988). ''Vietnam and the Chinese model: a comparative study of Vietnamese and Chinese government in the first half of the nineteenth century.'' Harvard Univ Asia Center. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-674-93721-5.</ref> 

Huế was the national capital until 1945, when Emperor [[Bảo Đại]] abdicated and a Communist government was established in Hà Nội (Hanoi), in the north.<ref>Boobbyer, Claire; Spooner, Andrew; O'Tailan, Jock (2008). ''Vietnam, Cambodia & Laos.'' Footprint Travel Guides. p. 122. ISBN 978-1-906098-09-4.</ref> While Bảo Đại was briefly proclaimed "Head of State" with the help of the returning French colonialists in 1949 (although not with recognition from the Communists and the full acceptance of the Vietnamese people), his new capital was Sài Gòn ([[Saigon]]), in the south.<ref>Stearns, Peter N.; Langer, William Leonard (2001). ''The Encyclopedia of world history: ancient, medieval, and modern, chronologically arranged.'' Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 1036.</ref>

In the [[Vietnam War]], Huế's central position placed it very near the border between [[North Vietnam]] and [[South Vietnam]]. The city was located in the South. In the [[Tet Offensive|Tết Offensive]] of 1968, during the [[Battle of Hue]], the city suffered considerable damage not only to its physical features, but its reputation as well, most of it from American firepower and bombings on the historical buildings as well as the now infamous [[massacre at Huế]] committed by the Communist forces. After the war's conclusion, many of the historic features of Huế were neglected, being seen by the victorious regime and some other Vietnamese as "relics from the feudal regime"; the [[Communist Party of Vietnam|Vietnamese Communist Party]] doctrine officially describes the Nguyen Dynasty as "feudal" and "reactionary", but there has since been a change of policy, and some parts of the historic city have been restored.<ref>Gubler, Fritz; Glynn, Raewyn (2008). ''Great, grand & famous hotels.'' Great, Grand & Famous Hotels. p. 272.</ref>

== Geography and climate ==
The city is located in central Vietnam on the banks of the [[Perfume River|Sông Hương]] (Hương River), just a few miles inland from the Biển Đông. It is about 700&nbsp;km (438&nbsp;mi.) south of the national capital of [[Hanoi]] and about 1100&nbsp;km (690&nbsp;mi.) north of [[Hồ Chí Minh City]], the country's largest city formerly known as [[Saigon]].

The climate is hot and generally wet ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] '''Af'''). Because of the angle of the central coast of Vietnam to the prevailing winds, however, Huế, like [[Chennai]] in India, receives most of its rainfall during the northeast monsoon between October and December. It is driest around March and April, but rain may still fall. The average annual rainfall of {{convert|3000|mm|in}} makes Huế one of the very wettest of Asian cities.<ref>Ishizawa, Yoshiaki; Kōno, Yasushi; Rojpojchanarat, Vira; Daigaku, Jōchi; Kenkyūjo, Ajia Bunka (1988). ''Study on Sukhothai: research report.'' Institute of Asian Cultures, Sophia University. p. 68.</ref>

{{climate chart|Huế
|21|24|181
|21|25|91
|23|27|68
|26|31|62
|28|33|93
|29|34|97
|29|34|53
|28|34|148
|26|31|469
|25|29|706
|23|26|655
|21|23|391
}}

== Historic monuments ==
[[Archivo:Cột cờ Ngọ Môn.jpg|thumb|The citadel in Hue with flag tower]]
Huế is perhaps best known for its historic monuments, which have earned it a place in the [[UNESCO]]'s [[World Heritage Sites]].<ref>[http://www.danang.gov.vn/home/view.asp?id=61&id_tin=10951&kieu=in Along the world heritage path: Hue]. ''[[Thanh Nien|Thanh Nien News]]''. December 12, 2005.</ref> The seat of the Nguyen emperors was in the Citadel, which occupies a large, walled area on the north side of the river. Inside the citadel was a forbidden city where only the concubines, emperors, and those close enough to them were granted access, the punishment for trespassing being death. Today, little of the forbidden city remains, though reconstruction efforts are in progress to maintain it as a tourist attraction as a view of the history of Huế.

Roughly along the [[Perfume River]] from Huế lie myriad other monuments, including the tombs of several emperors such as [[Minh Mang]], [[Khai Dinh]], [[Tu Duc]], and others. Also notable is the [[Thien Mu Pagoda]], located not far from the city centre along the river, the largest pagoda in Huế and chosen as the official symbol of the city.<ref>Pham, Sherrise; Emmons, Ron; Eveland, Jennifer; Lin-Liu, Jen (2009). ''Frommer's Southeast Asia.'' Frommer's. p. 318. ISBN 978-0-470-44721-5.</ref>

Less ancient but not less important are the French-style buildings along the south bank of the Fragrant or [[Perfume River]], among them are the famed [[Quoc Hoc High School]] and the Hai Ba Trung High School.

The [[Hue Museum of Royal Fine Arts]] on 3 Le Truc Street also maintains a collection of various artifacts from the city.
 
== Administrative divisions ==
{{Infobox World Heritage Site
| WHS         = Complex of Huế Monuments
| Image       = [[Archivo:Grave khai dinh.jpg|200px|Khải Định tomb]]
| State Party = {{VIE}}
| Type        = Cultural
| Criteria    = iv
| ID          = 678
| Region      = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Asia and Australasia|Asia-Pacific]]
| Year        = 1993
| Session     = 17th
| Link        = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/678
}}

Huế comprises 27 administrative divisions, including 24 ''phường'' (urban wards) and 3 ''xã'' (rural communes):

=== Urban wards ===
* [[An Cựu]]
* [[An Đông]]
* [[An Hoà]]
* [[An Tây]]
* [[Hương Sơ]]
* [[Kim Long]]
* [[Phú Bình]]
* [[Phú Cát]]
* [[Phú Hậu]]
* [[Phú Hiệp]]
* [[Phú Hòa]]
* [[Phú Hội]]
* [[Phú Nhuận]]
* [[Phú Thuận]]
* [[Phước Vĩnh]]
* [[Phường Đúc]]
* [[Tây Lộc]]
* [[Thuận Hòa]]
* [[Thuận Lộc]]
* [[Thuận Thành]]
* [[Trường An]]
* [[Vĩnh Ninh]]
* [[Vỹ Dạ]]
* [[Xuân Phú]]

=== Rural communes ===
* [[Hương Long]]
* [[Thủy Biều]]
* [[Thủy Xuân]]

== Cuisine ==
The cuisine of Huế draws from throughout Vietnam, but one of the most striking differences is the prominence of vegetarianism in the city. Several all-vegetarian restaurants are scattered in various corners of the city to serve the locals who have a strong tradition of eating vegetarian twice a month, as part of their Buddhist beliefs. Another feature of Huế dishes that sets them apart from other regional cuisines in Vietnam is the relatively small serving size with refined presentation, a vestige of its royal cuisine. Finally, another feature of Huế cuisine is that it is often very spicy.<ref>Ngoc, Huu; Borton, Lady (2006). ''Am Thuc Xu Hue: Hue Cuisine.'' Vietnam.</ref>

== Pictures ==
<center><gallery>
Archivo:Ngomon2.jpg|Cổng cố đô Huế
Archivo:Citadel Hue.jpg|Thế Miếu temple 
Archivo:Citadel of Hue 2097435323 f4a9d26ec9 o.jpg|Hiển Lâm Các
Archivo:Thaihoa1.jpg|Thai Hoa Palace from the Courtyard of Audience
Archivo:Thaihoa2.jpg|Emperor's throne, Thai Hoa Palace
Archivo:Cuudinh.jpg| The Nine Dynastic Urns in front of the Thế Miếu (Temple of Generations)
Archivo:Hiennhan.jpg|Hiển Nhân gate
Archivo:Hue gate.jpg|
Archivo:Hue, rive droite.jpg|Right bank of Hương river
Archivo:Hue, rive droite 2.jpg|Right bank of Hương river
Archivo:Hue & la rivière des parfums.jpg|Hương river by night
Archivo:Hue, rue Tran Hung Dao.jpg|Trần Hưng Đạo street
Archivo:Riviere des Parfums Hue.jpg|Huong river
Archivo:Thienmu16.jpg|Thien Mu pagoda
Archivo:Grave tu duc.jpg|
Archivo:Grave khai dinh.jpg|
Archivo:VN Hue6 tango7174.jpg|Khải Định tomb
Archivo:VN Hue7 tango7174.jpg|Từ Hiếu pagoda
Archivo:ThienMuPagoda.jpg|270px|Chùa Thiên Mụ
Archivo:Bảo tàng mỹ thuật cung đình Huế.jpg|Bảo tàng Cổ vật Cung đình Huế (Điện Long An)
</gallery></center>

== See also ==
* [[Hue Massacre]]
* [[Battle of Hue]]
* [[USS Hue City]]
* [[Imperial City, Huế]]
* [[Hue Central Hospital]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Huế}}
* {{wikitravelpar|Hue}}
* [http://english.thuathienhue.gov.vn/ Thua Thien Hue Province official website]
* [http://www.huefestival.com/index_thongtin_e.htm Festival Huế]

{{Buddhist temples in Hue}}
{{World Heritage Sites in Vietnam}}
{{Cities in Viet Nam}}
{{Districts of North Central Coast}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hue}}

[[Categoría:Huế| ]]
[[Categoría:Provincial capitals in Vietnam]]
[[Categoría:Cities, towns and villages in Thua Thien-Hue Province]]
[[Categoría:District capitals in Vietnam]]
[[Categoría:World Heritage Sites in Vietnam]]
[[Categoría:Alliance for Healthy Cities]]