Difference between revisions 104604711 and 104604712 on dewiki

[[Image:Jodhpur tilt shift.jpg|thumb|right|Digitally blurred miniature fake of [[Jodhpur]]]]
[[Image:Jodhpur rooftops.jpg|thumb|right|Original photo of Jodhpur]]

(contracted; show full)he image. In a photograph of a full-size scene, the DoF is considerably greater; in some cases, it is difficult to have much of the scene ''outside'' the DoF, even at the lens's maximum aperture. Thus a difference in DoF is one characteristic by which a photograph of a full-size scene is readily distinguished from one of a miniature model.

In typical photographs, there are no optical cues that specify the distance to objects (how far they are from the observation point)<ref>
  Vishwana and Blaser, 2010  </ref> and so distance has to be inferred from the size of familiar objects in the scene.<ref>  Gogel, 1969  </ref>  DoF blurring is a visual cue to distance.<ref>  Held et al. 2010, 19:4–19:6.</ref><ref>  Vishwana and Blaser, 2010  </ref>  In a diorama illusion, the introduction of the blur cue appears to override this familiar information causing objects to appear miniature and toy-like.

== Techniques ==

(contracted; show full)digitally using helicopter footage of full-size vernal and urban landscapes that was broken down into separate planes. It involves hand creating as many as eight planes of [[z-buffering]] over live-action footage, one frame at a time, resulting in an animated black and white matte (filmmaking) sequence. These mattes are then blended together with varying degrees of blur to create the effect of shallow depth of field.

This images is used by bluring the background and focusing on the main idea of the photo.
  

== Usage in film and television ==

*Diorama illusion scenes of the Las Vegas skyline were featured prominently in the ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation|CSI]]'' episode "Living Doll" in which [[The Miniature Killer]] is revealed.
*The different postcards introducing each country at the [[Eurovision 2011|2011 Eurovision Song Contest]] used diorama illusion scenes.  
*Photographs taken with the technique have been used in a set of [[Commercial bumper|bumps]] on [[Cartoon Network]]'s [[Adult Swim]] nighttime lineup.
*Diorama illusion crowd scenes are used in the intro sequence of the TV series ''[[Dollhouse (TV series)|Dollhouse]]''.
*Diorama illusion scenes of pedestrians walking around various [[Australian]] cities were used in an advertisement for [[National Australia Bank]].
(contracted; show full)
*Japanese clothes maker [[Uniqlo]] used diorama illusion videography techniques for its [http://www.uniqlo.com/calendar/ calendar campaign].
*[[Oxford University]] posted a digitally postprocessed tilt simulation on their [http://www.ox.ac.uk/homepage_images_201011/the_queens_college.html website] in February 2011.

== See also ==
{{Commons
  category|Tilt-shift miniature faking}}
* [[Tilt-shift photography]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
*  Gogel, W. C. 1969. The effect of object familiarity on the perception of size and distance. ''Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology'', 21
*  {{cite doi|10.1145/1731047.1731057}}
* Merklinger, Harold M. 1996. ''Focusing the View Camera''. Bedford, Nova Scotia: Seaboard Printing Limited. ISBN 0-9695025-2-4. [http://www.trenholm.org/hmmerk/download.html  Available for download] (PDF).
* Ray, Sidney F. 2000. The geometry of image formation. In ''The Manual of Photography: Photographic and Digital Imaging'', 9th ed. Ed. Ralph E. Jacobson, Sidney F. Ray, Geoffrey G. Atteridge, and Norman R. Axford. Oxford: Focal Press. ISBN 0-240-51574-9
* Vishwanath, D., and E. Blaser. 2010. Retinal blur and the perception of egocentric distance. ''Journal of Vision'', 10(10):26, 1–16, [http://www.journalofvision.org/content/10/10/26 Available for download] (PDF).
*More thean [http://www.tiltshiftgenerator.com/gallery.php 50 examples] of miniature faking.

[[Category:Photographic techniques]]

[[nl:Tilt-shiftbewerking]]