Difference between revisions 104939925 and 104939926 on dewiki

{{Infobox military person
|name= Myles Standish
|image=[[File:Myles Standish.jpg|250px|alt=Head and shoulders painting of a man in 17th century attire. He has dark hair, a dark beard and mustache. He is wearing a large, white, ruffled collar.]]
|caption= This portrait, first published in 1885, was alleged to be a 1625 likeness of Standish, although its authenticity has never been proven.<ref>Winsor, ''History of Boston'', 65.</ref>
|nickname=  
|rank= [[Captain (land)|Captain]]
|branch=
|serviceyears=
|allegiance= [[England]]<br/>[[Plymouth Colony]]
|birth_date=c. 1584
|death_date= October 3, 1656 (aged 72)
|birth_place= Possibly [[Lancashire]], [[England]]
|death_place=  [[Duxbury, Massachusetts]]
|commands= [[Plymouth Colony]] militia  
|battles= [[Eighty Years War]] ([[Netherlands]])<br>[[Wessagusset]]([[Plymouth Colony]])
|profession= [[soldier]]<br>[[colony treasurer]]<br>[[assistant governor]]
|spouse=[[Rose Standish]]<br>[[Barbara Standish]]
}}

(contracted; show full) [[Nottinghamshire]], led by ministers [[Richard Clyfton]] and [[John Robinson (pastor)|John Robinson]], and by a lay minister or "elder" [[William Brewster (Pilgrim)|William Brewster]].  English authorities outlawed and persecuted such congregations.  In 1608, the [[Scrooby congregation]] relocated to Holland in the [[Dutch Republic]], where freedom of religion was permitted.<ref>Stratton, 18.</ref>  The group eventually settled in [[Leiden]], Holland, where it remained for 12 years.
    

Although they enjoyed religious freedom in Holland, the members of the Scrooby congregation were troubled by the foreign culture of Leiden and they wished to raise their children in a strictly English environment. In 1620, with the permission of King [[James I of England]] and backing from a group of financial investors in London known as the Merchant Adventurers, the Scrooby congregation departed for the New World aboard the [[Mayflower (ship)|''Mayflower'']] to establish a colony in North America.<ref name=Philbrick25>Philbrick, 25.</ref>  

Not all the ''Mayflower'' passengers were Separatists.  The Merchant Adventurers recruited a number of colonists seeking financial opportunity in the New World.<ref name=Philbrick25/> Others, such as Myles Standish, had been hired by the Separatists specifically for their expertise in certain areas.  Thus, Standish traveled aboard the ''Mayflower'' for military professional, not for religious reasons. Standish's religious leanings have been the source of some debate.  Whatever his denomination, he sympathized with the Separatists, supporting and defending Plymouth Colony for much of his life, although there is no evidence as to whether he joined their church.<ref name=Bangs/>    

In what is now [[Plymouth, Massachusetts]], the passengers of the ''Mayflower'' established a colony referred to at the time as "New Plymouth" (although the name and spelling varied).  The term "Pilgrims" is now used primarily to refer to the Separatist congregation, although it is often applied to all the original settlers of Plymouth Colony (both Separatist and Anglican).

==Birthplace and early military service==
(contracted; show full)present-day Plymouth Bay as the site for their settlement.  Standish provided important counsel on the placement of a small fort in which cannon were mounted, and on the layout of the first houses for maximum defensibility.<ref name=Philbrick84/>  Only one house (consisting of a single room) had been built when illness struck the settlers.  Of the roughly 100 who first arrived, only 50&nbsp;survived the first winter.<ref>Schmidt, 88.</ref>  Standish's wife, Rose, died in January.
    

Standish himself was one of the very few who did not fall ill and [[William Bradford (Plymouth governor)|William Bradford]] (soon to be governor of Plymouth Colony) credited Standish with comforting many and being a source of strength to those who suffered.<ref>Schmidt, 86.</ref> Standish tended to Bradford during his illness and this was the beginning of a decades-long friendship.<ref name=Haxtun/>  Bradford held the position of governor for most of his life and, by necessity, worked cl(contracted; show full)t took a long time before balance came back to the region.  The raid had ruined their ability to trade with the Indians, and without furs as a source of income, the Pilgrims were forced to rely on cod fishing, which had poor results.<ref>Nathaniel Philbrick Mayflower: A story of Courage, Community and War (Viking 2006) pp. 140-160</ref><ref>David Lindsay, PhD. ''Mayflower Bastard: A Stranger amongst the Pilgrims'' (St. Martins Press, New York, 2002) p 56-59</ref>
      

[[File:MilesStandish byArmstrong 1873 NMAH2003-24306 (cropped).jpg|left|280px|thumb|alt=A group of nine 17th century militiamen carrying muskets and marching over a sandy path. A Native American man with feathers in his hair and carrying a musket is leading them. The soldier at the front of the group is wearing a helmet and a breastplate. In the background is a beach.| An 1873 lithograph depicting the expedition against Nemasket led by Standish and guided by Hobbamock]]

===Nemasket raid===
(contracted; show full)

==Settlement in Duxbury==
[[File:Standish Myles house.JPG|thumb|left|alt=A lithograph of a small, one and a half story shingled house| The [[Alexander Standish House]] (still standing) built by Myles Standish's son on the Captain's farm in Duxbury, Massachusetts]]
  

In 1625, Plymouth Colony leaders appointed Standish to travel to London to negotiate new terms with the Merchant Adventurers.  If a settlement could be reached and the Pilgrims could pay off their debt to the Adventurers, then the colonists would have new rights to allot land and settle where they pleased.  Standish was not successful in his negotiations and returned to Plymouth in April 1626.<ref>Porteus, 6.</ref>  Another effort later in 1626, this time negotiated by [[Isaac Allerton]], was (contracted; show full)
*{{cite book |title=Duxbury...Past & Present |last=Browne |first=Patrick T.J. |authorlink= |coauthors=Forgit, Norman |year=2009 |publisher=The Duxbury Rural and Historical Society, Inc. |place=Duxbury, Massachusetts |isbn=0
-941859-11-8 |url= |accessdate=}}
*{{cite book |title=The Military History of Boston's Harbor Islands |last=Butler |first=Gerald |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2000 |place=Charleston |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=0-7385-0464-5 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=h0nwwK0inAQC&pg=PA65&dq=%22Fort+Standish%22&cd=13#v=onepage&q=&f=false0}}
*{{cite book |title=The Pilgrim Republic: An Historical Review of the Colony of New Plymouth |last=Goodwin |first=John A. |authorlink= |year=1920 |origyear=1879 |place=Boston |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Co |oclc=316126717 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1h86ThQYxgEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+pilgrim+republic&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}
*{{cite book |title=Signers of the Mayflower Compact |last=Haxtun |first=Annie A. |authorlink= |year=1899 |place=Baltimore |publisher=The Mail and Express |oclc=2812063 |url= |accessdate=}}
*{{cite book |title=Captain Myles Standish |last=Jenks |first=Tudor |authorlink= |year=1905 |place=New York |publisher=The Century Co |oclc=3000476 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rMVLAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Myles+Standish&cd=8#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}
*{{Cite conference |first=Frances|last=Leach|title=Notes on the Name Duxbury|booktitle=The Duxbury Book, 1637–1987 |place=Duxbury, Massachusetts |publisher=Duxbury Rural and Historical Society, Inc.|date=1987|url=|accessdate=|isbn=0-941859-00-2}}
*{{cite book |title=Mayflower: A Story of Community, Courage and War |last=Philbrick |first=Nathaniel |authorlink=Nathaniel Philbrick |year=2006 |place=New York |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=9780-0-14-311197-9 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qk9AXww_XysC&printsec=frontcover&dq=mayflower&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}
*{{cite book |title=Duxbury: A Guide |last=Pillsbury |first=Katherine H. |authorlink= |year=1999 |place=Duxbury, Massachusetts|publisher=The Duxbury Rural and Historical Society, Inc. |isbn=0-941859-04-5 |url=}}
*{{cite book |title=Captain Myles Standish: His Lost Lands and Lancashire Connections |last=Porteus |first=Thomas C. |authorlink= |year=1920 |place=Manchester |publisher=The University of Manchester Press |oclc=2134828 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=msRLAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Captain+Myles+Standish&cd=2#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}
*{{cite book |title=William Bradford: Plymouth's Faithful Pilgrim |last=Schmidt |first=Gary D. |authorlink= |year=1999 |place=Grand Rapids |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. |isbn=082851517 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BijffNh7pLAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=William+Bradford&cd=5#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}
*{{cite book |title=Plymouth Colony: Its History & People, 1620&ndash;1691 |last=Stratton |first=Eugene A. |authorlink= |year=1986 |place=Salt Lake City|publisher=Ancestry Incorporated |isbn=0-916489-13-2 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=17zCU76ZtH0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Plymouth+colony%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}
*{{cite book |title=Settlement and Growth of Duxbury 1628&ndash;1870 |last=Wentworth |first=Dorothy |authorlink= |year=2000 |origyear=1973 |place=Duxbury, Massachusetts |publisher=Duxbury Rural and Historical Society |isbn=0-941859-05-3 |url= |accessdate=}}
*{{cite book |title=History of the Town of Duxbury |last=Winsor |first=Justin |authorlink=Justin Winsor |year=1849 |place=Boston |publisher=Crosby & Nichols |oclc=32063251 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3koWAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=History+of+Duxbury&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}
*{{cite book |title=The Memorial History of Boston vol. 1 |last=Winsor |first=Justin |authorlink=Justin Winsor |year=1885 |place=Boston |publisher=James R. Osgood & Co |oclc=978152 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=M6wTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA65&dq=Myles+Standish+portrait&cd=12#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Myles Standish}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Standish, Miles}}
*[http://www.mayflowerhistory.com/Passengers/MylesStandish.php Myles Standish] from MayflowerHistory.com
*{{Cite Appletons'|Standish, Myles|year=1900|notaref=x}}

{{featured article}}

{{Persondata
|NAME              = Standish, Myles
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES =  
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = English soldier, military leader of Plymouth Colony
|DATE OF BIRTH     = 1584
|PLACE OF BIRTH    = Lancashire, England
|DATE OF DEATH     = October 3, 1656
|PLACE OF DEATH    = Duxbury, Massachusetts
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Standish, Myles}}
[[Category:1580s births]]
[[Category:1656 deaths]]
[[Category:16th-century English people]]
[[Category:17th-century English people]]
[[Category:Mayflower passengers]]
[[Category:Plymouth, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:American folklore]]
[[Category:People from Duxbury, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:17th-century American people]]
[[Category:People of the Tudor period]]
[[Category:People of the Stuart period]]

[[fr:Myles Standish]]
[[ko:마일스 스탠디시]]