Difference between revisions 107585946 and 107628009 on dewiki

{{Importartikel}}
{{Dablink|For the 3D platform video game, see [[Alpha Waves]].}}

[[Image:eeg alpha.svg|thumb|Alpha waves-Wellen |400px|right]]
'''Alpha waves-Wellen''' are [[neural oscillations]] in the frequency range of 8–12 [[Hertz|Hz]] arising from ''synchronous'' and ''coherent'' (''in phase''/''constructive'') electrical activity of [[Human thalamus|thalamic]] pacemaker cells in humans. They are also called [[Hans Berger|Berger]]'s wave in memory of the founder of EEG.

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An alpha-like variant called [[Mu rhythm|mu (μ)]] can be found over the motor cortex (central scalp) that is reduced with movement, or the intention to move. Alpha waves do not start to appear until three years of age.<ref>Kolev V, Başar-Eroglu C, Aksu F, Başar E. (1994). EEG rhythmicities evoked by visual stimuli in three-year-old children.
Int J Neurosci. 75(3-4):257-70. PMID 8050866</ref>

==
History of alpha wavesGeschichte der Alpha-Wellen==

Alpha waves were discovered by German [[neurologist]] [[Hans Berger]], most famous for his invention of the EEG. Alpha waves were among the first waves documented by Berger, along with beta waves, and he displayed an interest in "alpha blockage", the process by which alpha waves decrease and beta waves increase upon a subject opening their eyes. This distinction earned the alpha wave the alternate title of "Berger’s Wave".

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Alpha wave biofeedback has gained interest for having some successes in humans for seizure suppression and for treatment of depression.<ref>Ulrich Kraft. Train Your Brain-Mental exercises with neurofeedback may ease symptoms of attention-deficit disorder, epilepsy and depression--and even boost cognition in healthy brains. Scientific American. 2006</ref>

==Type
s of alpha wavesn von Alpha-Wellen==

Some researchers posit that there are at least three forms of alpha waves, which may all have different functions in the wake-sleep cycle.

Alpha waves are present at different stages of the wake-sleep cycle. The most widely-researched is during the relaxed mental state, where the subject is at rest with eyes closed, but is not tired or asleep. This alpha activity is centered in the occipital lobe, and is presumed to originate there, although there has been recent speculation that it instead has a thala(contracted; show full) a wakeful period during sleep. This has been attributed to studies where subjects report non-refreshing sleep and have EEG records reporting high levels of alpha intrusion into sleep. This occurrence is known as alpha wave intrusion.<ref>Allas Task Force (1992). ASDA report on EEG arousals: scoring rules and examples. Sleep. 15(2):173-184.</ref> However, it is possible that these explanations may be misleading, as they only focus on alpha waves being generated from the occipital lobe.

==Alpha
 wave intrusion-Wellen Störung==

Alpha wave intrusion occurs when alpha waves appear with non-REM sleep when delta activity is expected.  It is hypothesized to be associated with [[fibromyalgia]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Germanowicz D, Lumertz MS, Martinez D, Margarites AF |title=Sleep disordered breathing concomitant with fibromyalgia syndrome |journal=J Bras Pneumol |volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=333–8 |year=2006 |pmid=17268733 |doi= |url=}}</ref>, although the study may be inadequate due to a small sampling size.

Despite this, alpha wave intrusion has not been significantly linked to any major sleep disorder, including fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome (CNF), and major depression. However, it is common in chronic fatigued patients, and may amplify the effects of other sleep disorders.<ref>(1994). Alpha-delta sleep in patients with a chief complaint of chronic fatigue. Southern Medical Journal. 87(4)</ref>

==Biofeedback tTraining==

Given the alpha wave's connection with relaxed mental states, many people have latched onto the idea of utilizing this state through a technique called biofeedback training. This technique utilizes EEG to indicate to a subject or trainer when the subject is in an alpha wave state, which the subject is then instructed to remain in.

(contracted; show full)pha waves are observed when a patient is awake and resting with eyes closed, and in some kinds of sleep and reversible coma. True, the Jell-O waves are a little slower and of much lower amplitude, barely within normal human limits, but that doesn't tell you much by itself. Hypoxia, encephalitis, and other medical conditions can cause reduced frequency and amplitude, as can drug use."<ref>http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2942/can-brainwaves-be-detected-in-lime-jell-o</ref>

==S
ee alsoiehe auch==
* [[Binaural beats]]
* [[Neural oscillation]]

===Other brain wavesAndere Gehirnwellen===
* [[Delta wave-Wellen]] – (0.1–4&nbsp;Hz)
* [[Theta wave-Wellen]] – (4–7&nbsp;Hz)
* [[Mu wave-Wellen]] – (8–13&nbsp;Hz)
* [[Beta wave-Wellen]] – (12–30&nbsp;Hz)
* [[Gamma wave-Wellen]] – (25–100&nbsp;Hz)

==Referenceszen==
{{reflist}}
* {{Citation | surname = Brazier | given = M. A. B. | title = The Electrical Activity of the Nervous System | year = 1970 | publisher = Pitman | place = London}}

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==External links==
* [http://www.eegproject.com EEG Alpha waves biofeedback interactive game project]

{{SleepSeries2}}

[[Category:Electrodiagnosis]]
[[Category:Meditation]]
[[Category:Electroencephalography]]

[[de:Elektroenzephalografie#Alpha-Wellen]]
[[es:Ondas alpha]]
[[fa:امواج آلفا]]
[[fr:Rythme alpha]]
[[it:Ritmo alfa]]
[[ja:アルファ波]]
[[pl:Fale alfa]]
[[ru:Альфа-ритм]]

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