Difference between revisions 107843413 and 107914033 on dewiki[[Datei:Tony Samara, Portugal, May 2010.jpg|miniatur|hochkant|Tony Samara]] '''Tony Samara''' (* [[1965]]) ist ein britischer Autor und [[Spiritualität|spiritueller Lehrer]], der vorwiegend in Europa - Österrreich, Kroatien, Deutschland, Portugal Slowenien und England - tätig ist und [[Meditation|Meditationsprogramme]]/Retreats durchführt und [[Satsang|Satsangs]] (spirituelle Vorträge) hält. 1992 gründete er Conscious Spirituality (Bewusste [[Spiritualität|Spiritualität]]), eine spirituelle Bewegung basierend auf der [[Mystik|Mystik]]. Er hat eine Reihe von Büchern veröffentlicht, die in bis zu neun Sprachen übersetzt wurden. Es gibt auch einen kurzen Dokumentarfilm, "Through the Static"<ref>[http://throughthestaticfilm.com "Through the Static"] (2011), ein kurzer Dokumentarfilm von Sam Price-Waldman and Chris Cresci.</ref> über Samara. Am 18. Januar 2012 gab Samara dem [[BBC Asian Network]] mit der Moderatorin Sonia Deol ein Interview<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b019lxj4]. Samara in einem Interview für BBC Radio Asian Network mit Moderatorin Sonia Deol (ausgestrahlt am 18. Januar 2012).</ref> und am 24. Januar dem Hay House Radio, der zum Verlag Hay House gehört.<ref>[http://www.hayhouseradio.com/show_details.php?show_id=149&episode_id=8126&schedule_id=69515&episode_type=0] Samara in einem Interview für Hay House Radio (ausgestrahlt am 24. Januar 2012).</ref> Er wurde in der Sendung “Spirituality In Everyday Life" (Spiritualität im Alltag) von Studio 12, einem slowenischen Fernsehsender vorgestellt.<ref>[http://www.s12.si/duhovnost/razno-duhovnost/1491-namigi-spirituality-in-everyday-life.html] Tony Samara in der Fernsehsendung “Spirituality in Everyday Life“ (Spiritualität im Alltag) des slowenischen Fernsehsenders Studio 12.</ref> Die [[Internationale_Vegetarier-Union|Internationale Vegetarier-Union]] stellt Tony Samara als prominentes Mitglied auf ihrer Website vor, da er sich kontinuierlich für eine vegetarische Lebensweise einsetzt und diese praktiziert.<ref>[http://www.ivu.org/people/writers/samara.html] Tony Samara vorgestellt auf der Website der Internationalen Vegetarier-Union.</ref> Die Vegan Nutritionista Publikation <ref>[http://www.vegan-nutritionista.com/vegan-celebrities.html] Tony Samara gelistet auf der Website der Vegan Nutritionista Publikation.</ref> hat Samara als Vertreter einer veganen Lebensweise gelistet. == Frühes Leben == Samara wurde in England geboren und wuchs in Ägypten, England und später Norwegen auf. == Werdegang == Der [[Zen]]-Buddhismus führte Samara zum amerkanischen [[Mount Baldy Zen Center]] in Kalifornien, wo er die spirituellen Lehren von [[Kyozan Joshu Sasaki]] erlernte. Um mehr über die Essenz von Spiritualität zu erfahren reiste er zum Amazonasbecken und in die Anden, wo er in Gemeinschaften von Schamanen lebte und von ihnen lernte. Samara ist hauptsächlich in Europa aktiv, doch aufgrund des Internets und zahlreicher Online Interviews und Satsangs ist er auch darüber hinaus bekannt. Seine Funktion sieht er als spiritueller Lehrer, der Menschen dazu ermutigt in aktiver und nobler Weise ihr Leben zu leben, um die Evolution des menschlichen Bewusstseins zu verwirklichen. In der kroatischen Fernsehsendung Na ruby znanosti (An der Grenze zur Wissenschaft) auf HRT2<ref>[http://www.hrt.hr HRT 2]: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMxmz4jagHA Na Rubu Znanosti] 5. Januar 2009.</ref> sagte er: {{Zitat|Im Alter von 3, 4 Jahren machte ich bestimmte Erfahrungen und erkannte, dass ich die Begabung hatte, Dinge in einer anderen Weise wahrzunehmen als normale Kinder. Meine telepathischen Fähigkeiten waren ausgeprägter und ich war feinfühliger in Bezug auf meine Umwelt und das war es, was mich grundsätzlich dazu veranlasste mein Leben in eine andere Richtung zu lenken (…).}} Samara schätzt insbesondere die Dichtung von [[Hafez]], [[Kabir]] und [[Dschalal ad-Din ar-Rumi|Rumi]]. == Lehre == Im deutschen Magazin Visionen <ref>[http://www.visionen.com Visionen] Juli 2009, [http://www.visionen.com/Rubriken/Spiritualitaet/Das-Abenteuer-des-inneren-Wachstums Das Abenteuer des inneren Wachstums von Tony Samara, zuletzt erschienen 19.01.2012.</ref> erläutert er seine zehn Grundsätze für die spirituelle Praxis: * Lernen in Harmonie mit der Natur zu leben, unsere Umwelt zu respektieren und achtsam mit allen Lebewesen umzugehen. * In allen Lebenssituationen ein Licht und Beispiel für andere sein. * Ein Leben in Demut, Einfachheit und Reinheit führen. * Frieden und Gewaltlosigkeit praktizieren. * Sich erinnern, dass der physische Körper unser Tempel ist, der wie unser Geist der Transformation bedarf; eine vegetarische Ernährung mit Produkten voller Lebenskraft und aus biologischem Anbau wird empfohlen. * Frei zu sein von Drogenkonsum jeglicher Art, inklusive Tabak; danach streben völlig auf Alkohol zu verzichten und damit unseren Körper als einen Tempel des Lichts anzuerkennen. * Ehrlich und aus dem Herzen kommunizieren und den Mut haben, direkt zu Menschen zu sprechen anstatt hinter ihrem Rücken. * Andere so zu behandeln wie man selbst behandelt werden möchte. * Um zu empfangen, müssen wir geben. Wenn wir wirklich lernen zu geben, öffnen wir uns der Möglichkeit unbegrenzten Überfluss zu empfangen. Demgemäß wird jeder ermuntert 10% seiner Ersparnisse (falls vorhanden) und 10% seiner monatlichen Einkünfte für humanitäre oder spirituelle Zwecke seiner Wahl zu spenden. * Diese Lehren in unserem täglichen Leben praktizieren. ==Tätigkeit == Samaras Wirken ist darauf gerichtet Menschen dabei zu helfen sich zu erinnern, wer sie wirklich sind. Seine Lehre beinhaltet Techniken der [[Meditation|Meditation]], [[Heilfasten|Heilfasten]], [[Pflanzenheilkunde|Pflanzenheilkunde]] sowie [[Karma-Yoga|Karma Yoga]] und selbstloser Dienst am anderen. Er fördert auch nachhaltige Lebensweisen und eine vegetarische Ernährung als Teil der spirituellen Praxis. Beeinflusst wurde er vom [[Zen|Zen-Buddhismus]], dem Schamanismus, dem [[Sufismus|Sufismus]] und bestimmten Aspekten des Hinduismus, wie in der Biographie "''Tony Samara – A Modern Shaman... and Beyond''" von Nomi Sharron berichtet wird. == Publikationen == === Bücher === * Leitfaden zur gesünderen Ernährung. Amazon Kindle Edition. 6. überarbeitete Auflage. April 2012. ASIN: B007PV4FA8. * Schamanenweisheit – Rückkehr in die verlorene Einheit des Kosmos. Amazon Kindle Edition . 2. Auflage. Februar 22, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4525-4698-8. * Theriaca Elixir – The Booklet. Amazon Kindle Edition. April 2012. ASIN: B007POC9NU. * Različito a ipak isto (Different Yet the Same /Anders und doch das Gleiche in kroatischer Sprache). V.B.Z. d.o.o.. 2010. ISBN 978-953-304-246-6.[10] * From the Heart – The Teachings of Tony Samara – Volume 1 (Vom Herzen – Die Lehren des Tony Samara –Band 1). Xlibris Corp UK Sr. Januar 2011. ISBN 1-4568-4692-2. * Deeper Than Words – The Teachings of Tony Samara – Volume 2 (Tiefer als Worte – Die Lehren des Tony Samara – Band 2) Xlibris Corp. UK Sr. April 2011. ISBN 1-4628-5428-1. == Online Videos == [http://www.tonysamara.tv/ Tony Samara TV (seit 2009)] == Weblinks == {{commonscat}} * [http://www.tonysamara.org tonysamara.org] (offizielle Website) * {{DNB-Portal|134289242}} * {{IMDb Name|4012371}} == Einzelnachweise == <references /> {{Normdaten|TYP=p|GND=134289242|VIAF=50440010}} {{SORTIERUNG:Samara, Tony}} [[Kategorie:Autor]] [[Kategorie:Neue religiöse Bewegung]] [[Kategorie:Meditation]] [[Kategorie:Geboren 1965]] [[Kategorie:Mann]] {{Personendaten |NAME=Samara, Tony |ALTERNATIVNAMEN= |KURZBESCHREIBUNG=britischer spiritueller Autor |GEBURTSDATUM=1965 |GEBURTSORT= |STERBEDATUM= |STERBEORT= }} [[en:Tony Samara{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=December 2011}} <!-- Please leave this line alone! --> {{Infobox person | name = Tony Samara | image = Tony Samara, Portugal, May 2010.jpg | imagesize = 270px | caption = | pseudonym = | birth_date = | birth_place = [[England, UK]] | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = Spiritual Teacher, Author, [[public speaker]] | language = English, Norwegian, Spanish | years_active = 1990–present | nationality = British | period = | genre = [[Peace]], [[Poetry]], [[Mysticism]], [[Metaphysics]], [[Spirituality]], [[Psychology]] | subject = | movement = | notableworks = | influences = [[Kyozan Joshu Sasaki]] | influenced = | signature = | website = http://www.tonysamara.org }} '''Tony Samara''' is a British author and [[spirituality|spiritual]] teacher who works mainly in Europe (Portugal, Slovenia, UK, Croatia, Austria and Germany), hosting powerful detox retreats, [[Satsang]]s (spiritual discourses) and special events. His work is rapidly expanding thanks to Web 2.0 technology and the publication of his books, "Shaman's Wisdom: Reclaim Your Lost Connection with the Universe",<ref>[http://www.findhornpress.com/shamanism-33/shaman-s-wisdom-237.html]"Shaman's Wisdom: Reclaim Your Lost Connection with the Universe" at Findhorn Press and all Amazon websites</ref> "From The Heart - The Teachings of Tony Samara - Volume 1", "Deeper Than Words - The Teachings of Tony Samara - Volume 2" and "Different yet the same (Published in Croatian as "Različito a ipak isto")".<ref>[http://www.vbz.hr/Različito-a-ipak-isto_b19830.aspx]"Different yet the same" (Published in Croatian as "Različito a ipak isto") "VBZ online bookshop & club" website</ref> His book "Shaman's Wisdom: Reclaim Your Lost Connection with the Universe" has been published in 9 different languages: English, French, German, Portuguese, Spanish, Croatian, Serbian, Czech and Latvian. Tony has been featured in the in the short documentary "Through the Static"<ref>[http://throughthestaticfilm.com]"Through the Static", a short documentary by Sam Price-Waldman and Chris Cresci.</ref> ==Biography== Tony Samara was born in [[England]] and grew up in Egypt, England and later Norway where he came into contact with the [[Zen Buddhist]] philosophy. This discovery eventually led him to the [[Mount Baldy Zen Center]] in California, USA where he learned the spiritual teachings of [[Kyozan Joshu Sasaki]]. He had curiosity to explore further the essence of spirituality and thus went to live and learn with [[shamanism|shamanic]] communities around the globe including a period of time spent with some highly influential shamans in the [[Amazon Basin|Amazon]] River region and the [[Andes]] Mountains. Now people from all over the world visit Tony Samara to take spiritual guidance and experience being in his presence. His main countries of activity are in Europe yet with the assistance of the Internet is attracting a Global audience through frequent online interviews and [[Satsang]]s. His function is as a Spiritual Teacher who encourages all to lead their lives actively in a noble way in order to realize the evolution of human consciousness. The completely natural state of joy and wisdom experienced as the heart opens to life is the remarkable path he expounds. The path that is free for everyone to experience. Verbal dialogue is not the essence of his teachings, but he explains in a direct and simple way that everyone can understand how each individual can practically integrate greater acceptance, peace and joy into their daily lives. Tony teaches with humour, humility and with infinite patience, empowering the individual with courage, trust and inner strength to continue on this journey back into wholeness, a path that leads towards real freedom. Like many spiritual teachers, Tony Samara is concerned with practical inner work and liberation. He teaches by personal example and instruction, guiding the seeker to realise bliss here and now, through growing spiritual awareness rather than mental effort. Part of Tony's teachings remind us that food and eating are fundamental to our inner well being, as well as to our physical health. He explains in his many programmes that the body is our temple and that the food we eat helps us to create a strong foundation that allows inner work and transformation to take place. He also explains that food is not just a physical substance which nourishes the body but that it also contains spiritual and emotional energy. Hence the importance of being conscious and taking the time to be present when we are eating and to become more sensitive to what will nourish our body, our temple rather than eat only what we feel like eating. Tony also encourages a balanced vegetarian diet which includes organic products that are full of life force. In "Na Rubu Znanosti (At The Edge Of Science)", a croatian television program on [[HRT2]]<ref>[http://www.hrt.hr HRT 2]: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMxmz4jagHA Na Rubu Znanosti] 2009/01/05</ref> he says: {{cquote|I had some experiences at the age of 3,4 where I was more aware of my ability to see things in a different way than normal children. So basically I was more telepathic, more sensitive to my environment than what was normal and this was basically what made me change my life (…).}} He is especially fond of the poetry of [[Hafez|Hafiz]] and [[Rumi]]. ==Teachings== In the German magazine Visionen,<ref>[http://www.visionen.com Visionen], July 2009, [http://www.visionen.com/Rubriken/Spiritualitaet/Das-Abenteuer-des-inneren-Wachstums Das Abenteuer des inneren Wachstums] by Tony Samara, retrieved on May 2nd, 2010.</ref> he explains his ten guidelines for spiritual practice: * To learn to live in harmony with nature, respecting our environment and caring for all life forms. * To be a beacon of light and an example to others in all situations. * To live a life of humility, simplicity and purity. * To promote peace and non-violence. * To remember that the physical body is our temple, which needs to be transformed, as well as the spirit; a vegetarian diet including products that are organic and full of life force is encouraged. * To be free of the consumption of drugs of any description, including tobacco. To work towards a goal of eliminating alcohol completely from our lives, thereby honouring our body as a temple of light. * To speak truthfully from the heart and have the courage to speak directly to people rather than behind their backs. * To treat others as you would like to be treated yourself. * To receive, we have to give. As we learn truly to give, we open ourselves to receive unlimited abundance. Following this philosophy, we are encouraged to contribute unconditionally 10% of our savings — if any — and 10% of our monthly earnings, to a humanitarian or spiritual cause of our choice. * To practice these teachings in our daily lives. ==Work== Tony Samara's work is focussed on "helping us remember who we are". His teachings encompass the use of [[meditation]] techniques, [[juice fasting]], [[herbalism]], [[Karma Yoga]] and [[selfless service]] as the main tools for the evolution of consciousness. He also promotes [[sustainable]] living and [[vegetarianism]] as spiritual practices. His influences are derived from Zen Buddhism, Shamanism, Sufism and certain aspects of Hindu spirituality as recounted in his biography "Tony Samara: The Making of a Modern Shaman" by Nomi Sharron.<ref>Nomi Sharron - "Tony Samara: A Modern Shaman... And Beyond" ISBN 978-1-905200-97-9</ref> She adds:{{cquote|(Tony) explained that although his teachings were rooted in Shamanism, they were no longer classical Shamanism, and that he had now moved along a spiritual path beyond. This was his own work (...).}} His work in retreats consists of meditations, physical exercises and dream interpretations with the purpose of bringing consciousness to the participants and to enable healing. The organisation of the teaching space in which he lives was created along similar lines as what is known of [[Pythagoras]]' model in the sense that it is also in some ways a school, in some ways a brother and sisterhood, and in some ways a monastery. Samara reports that he awakened at the age of 27 and as such, many people consider him to be a spiritual master or [[satguru]] in its traditional sense. Tony emphasizes that active participation in life through good thoughts, good words, and good deeds as necessary to ensure happiness. This active participation is similar to the [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] core tenant. Other similarities to [[Zoroastrianism]] is the fire ceremony, which is performed at sunset every day and is a major focus during the [[Equinox|Vernal Equinox]] celebration where the flame is seen as a the manifestation of light. The [[sandalwood]] twigs thrown into the fire are seen as physical representations of limitations and desires that participants wish to relinquish. This is arguably more in keeping [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] lineage in which fire is considered a sacred symbol. ==Tony Samara Humanitarian Alliance== The Tony Samara Humanitarian Alliance has been set up to help realise the evolution of human consciousness worldwide using the guidelines of spiritual teacher Tony Samara. It is a non-profit organisation created to spread Tony's teachings throughout the world in many ways: through workshops, by producing teaching and inspirational materials such as videos, CD’s, tapes and booklets, through educational workshops on spirituality for children, by creating bursaries to help people in considerable economic hardship to attend retreats, by creating places where people who are dedicated to their spiritual path can come and practice this living form of spirituality and by creating various healing projects. The Tony Samara Humanitarian Alliance embraces the goal of working towards self-realisation and liberation. ==Tony Samara's "Third Eye Meditation"== Using an ancient [[Sufi whirling|whirling]] technique from the [[Middle East]], Tony has developed a unique [[meditation]] which leads the individual to work with the [[Pituitary gland|Pituitary]] and [[Pineal gland|Pineal]] glands of the body through the [[Parietal eye|Third Eye]], located between the [[eyebrows]]. In this unique meditation, the individual is invited to whirl, in a clock wise direction. This movement brings a natural stimulation of the [[Pituitary gland|Pituitary]] and [[Pineal gland|Pineal]] glands of the body. This is one the most popular meditation by Tony Samara which has been practiced by many thousands of people who attended Tony's workshops and retreats throughout the more than 20 years Tony has been teaching in Europe. Having lived many of his childhood years surrounded by different religious faiths, he was especially inspired by the joyous and ecstatic movements of the Sufi dervishes. [[Sufi whirling|Whirling]] is a [[meditation]] that can be practice daily. Here are some of the possible benefits from practice this an other meditations on a daily basis: *Naturally leads to the relaxation response, changes in the body that are deeply restorative and which quicken healing. These changes include reductions in heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen consumption, blood flow to skeletal muscles, perspiration and muscle tension, as well as an improvement in immunity.<ref>[http://articles.cnn.com/1999-06-22/health/9906_22_meditation_1_meditation-healthy-heart-heart-disease?_s=PM:HEALTH]"Why meditate Because its good medicine", by William Collinge, Ph.D. for CNN, June 1999.</ref> *It relaxes and balances the body and the psyche as it decreases the beta waves in the brain, a sign that the cortex is not processing information as actively as usual.<ref>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923011001341]"Calming The Mind", by Alice Park for TIME Magazine US, August 2003.</ref><ref>[http://articles.cnn.com/2009-10-09/justice/prison.meditation_1_meditation-prison-dharma-network-fleet-maull?_s=PM:CRIME]"Prison inmates go Zen to deal with life behind bars", by Stephanie Chen, CNN, October 2009.</ref><ref>[http://articles.cnn.com/2009-01-05/health/meditation.stress.reduction_1_stress-meditation-heart-disease?_s=PM:HEALTH]"For stress reduction, just say ommm", by Judy Fortin, CNN Medical Correspondent, January 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.pickthebrain.com/blog/4-reasons-you-should-meditate-and-how-to-get-started/]"4 Powerful Reasons to Meditate and How To Get Started", by Tejvan Pettinger for PickTheBrain.com, January 2009.</ref> *Works on the [[Pituitary gland|Pituitary]] and [[Pineal gland|Pineal]] glands bringing more light into the body. *Helpful during stressful and difficult times. *Improves concentration as in enables the individual to better control a specific type of brain waves called alpha rhythms.<ref>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923011001341] In a study published on the SciencDirect website, on the 21st April 2011, in the journal Brain Research Bulletin, the researchers found that people trained to meditate over an eight-week period were better able to control a specific type of brain waves called alpha rhythms.</ref> *Can change the workings of the brain and allow people to achieve different levels of awareness.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A43006-2005Jan2.html]"Meditation can change the workings of the brain and allow people to achieve different levels of awareness", by Marc Kaufman, Washington Post Staff Writer, January 2005.</ref> *People show higher levels of an enzyme associated with longevity when practice [[meditation]].<ref>[http://healthland.time.com/2010/12/23/could-meditation-extend-life-intriguing-possibility-raised-by-new-study/]"Explaining Why Meditators May Live Longer", by Maia Szalavitz, TIME Magazine, December 2010.</ref> *Cultivates [[compassion]] and [[kindness]] as it affects brain regions that can make a person more empathetic to other peoples' mental states.<ref>[http://www.news.wisc.edu/14944]"Study shows compassion meditation changes the brain", by Dian Land, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA, March 2008.</ref> *Thickens the [[cerebral cortex]] in some parts of the brain.<ref>[http://articles.cnn.com/2005-11-16/health/cnna.sara.lazar_1_sara-lazar-meditation-brain-activity?_s=PM:HEALTH]"Study: Meditation may boost brain activity", CNN anchor Fredericka Whitfield spoke with Sara Lazar, a research scientist at Massachusetts General Hospital and an instructor at Harvard Medical School, November 2005.</ref> *May sharpen the ability to focus by training the brain to apply limited processing power more efficiently. Feats of pain endurance are among the most striking displays of the power of meditation.<ref>[http://www.oregonlive.com/health/index.ssf/2008/06/scientists_study_links_between.html]"Scientists study links between brain, meditation", by Joe Rojas-Burke, The Oregonian, January 2011.</ref> ==Published works== ===Books=== *''Guide to a Healthier Way of Eating'', Samara Foundation, 4th Revised edition edition, September, 2005 ISBN 9-72997-901-4 *''Shaman's Wisdom: Reclaim Your Lost Connection with the Universe'', Findhorn Press (UK), April, 2009 ISBN 1-84409-159-7 *''Theriaca Elixir: The Booklet'', FastPrint, November, 2010 ISBN 1-84426-820-9 *''Različito a ipak isto (Different Yet The Same)'', V.B.Z. d.o.o., 2010 ISBN 9789533042466 *''From the Heart: The Teachings of Tony Samara - Volume 1'', Xlibris Corp. UK Sr, January, 2011 ISBN 1-45684-692-2 *''Deeper Than Words: The Teachings of Tony Samara - Volume 2'', Xlibris Corp. UK Sr, April, 2011 ISBN 1-46285-428-1 ===Online video=== *[http://www.tonysamara.tv/ Tony Samara TV (2009-ongoing)] ==See also== * [[Spirituality]] * [[Meditation]] * [[Vegetarianism]] * [[Ecology]] * [[Shamanism]] * [[New Age]] ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==External links== * [http://www.tonysamara.org Tony Samara Official Website] * [http://www.tonysamara.tv Tony Samara TV - [[Satsang]]s (spiritual discourses) and Video Archives] {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = | PLACE OF BIRTH = [[England, UK]] | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Samara, Tony}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People in alternative medicine]] [[Category:Spiritualists]] [[Category:Spiritual teachers]] [[Category:Environment]] [[Category:Non-fiction books]] [[Category:Books about spirituality]] [[Category:Quantum mysticism]] [[Category:Spirituality]] [[Category:Peace]] [[Category:Pacifism]] [[Category:Ethical principles]] All content in the above text box is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license Version 4 and was originally sourced from https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=prev&oldid=107914033.
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