Difference between revisions 108106627 and 108106629 on dewiki

{{Contains Chinese text}}
{{Primary sources|date=April 2011}}
{{Chinese
|title=Sinosphere
|pic=East Asian Cultural Sphere.png
|picsize=30260px
|s=汉字文化圈
|t=漢字文化圏
|p= Hànzì Wénhuà Quān
|j= hon<sup>3</sup> zi<sup>6</sup> man<sup>4</sup> faa<sup>3</sup> hyun<sup>1</sup>
|wuu=hoe<sup>去</sup> zy<sup>去</sup> ven<sup>平</sup> ho<sup>去</sup> jioe<sup>上</sup>
|poj=hàn-jī bûn-huà-khuan
|h=hon<sup>55</sup> sii<sup>55</sup> vun<sup>11</sup> fa<sup>55</sup> kien<sup>24</sup>
|kanji=漢字文化圏
|kana=かんじぶんかけん
|romaji=kanji bunkaken
|hanja=漢字文化圈
|hangul=한자문화권
|rr=hanja munhwagwon
|qn=Hán tự văn hoá khuyên <small>([[Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary|Sino-Viet.]])</small> <br>Khu vực văn hóa chữ Hán <small>(native)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vienvanhoc.org.vn/reader/?id=80&menu=107 |title=Thời Trung đại trong văn học các nước khu vực văn hoá chữ Hán |publisher=Vienvanhoc.org.vn |date=2009-09-24 |accessdate=2010-05-03}}</ref><ref>[http://www.hcmussh.edu.vn/ussh/NewsEventAnnouncement/ViewNewsEvent.aspx?p0=0&p1=1066&p2=1&p4=3240&p7=&p8=0 Thư mời hội thảo Quá trình hiện đại hóa văn học Nhật Bản và các nước khu vực văn hóa chữ Hán]</ref>
|hn=漢字文化圈 <small>([[Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary|Sino-Viet.]])</small> <br>區域文化𡨸漢 <small>(native)</small>⏎
⏎
|hangul=한자문화권
|rr=hanja munhwagwon

|kanji=漢字文化圏
|kana=かんじぶんかけん
|romaji=kanji bunkaken
|hanja=漢字文化圈⏎
}}

[[File:漢字文化圈／汉字文化圈 · 한자 문화권 · Vòng văn hóa chữ Hán · 漢字文化圏.png|thumb|The ways of saying "Sinosphere" in Taiwanese, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese and Japanesmajor languages of Sinosphere.]]
'''Sinosphere''' ({{Zh|s=汉字文化圈|t=漢字文化圏|p=Hànzì Wénhuà Quān}}), a term coined by [[linguist]] [[James Matisoff]],<ref name=Matisoff1990>{{Cite journal|last=Matisoff|first=James|authorlink=James Matisoff| title = On Megalocomparison| journal = Language| volume = 66| issue = 1| pages = 106–120| date = 1990|year=1990|doi=10.2307/415281|publisher=Language, Vol. 66, No. 1|issn=0097-8507|jstor=415281|postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref> is a grouping of [[countries]] and regions that are currently inhabited with a majority of [[Han Chinese|Chinese]] population or were historically under heavy [[Culture of China|Chinese cultural]] influence.

It is commonly used in [[areal linguistics]] to contrast with [[Indosphere]], which refers to the cultures and languages influenced by proximity to [[India]]. 

The terms Chinese cultural sphere and [[Chinese character]] cultural sphere are used interchangeably with "Sinosphere" but have different denotations. Chinese cultural sphere denotes a grouping of countries, regions, and people which have participated in or been heavily influenced by the  [[Culture of China]], such as [[Tibet]] or [[Sichuan]]. ⏎
⏎
⏎
⏎
Countries such as [[Vietnam]], [[Korea]], [[Taiwan]] and [[JapanJapan]] or [[Viet Nam]] which did in the past or do now use the [[Chinese writing system]] denote the other sense.

==Origins==

This cultural region closely corresponds to the ancient "Sinic civilization" and its descendants, the "Far Eastern civilizations" (the Mainland and the Japanese ones), which [[Arnold J. Toynbee]] presented in the 1930s in "[[A Study of History]]", along with the [[Western world|Western]], Islamic, Eastern Orthodox, Indic, etc. civilizations, among the major "units of study" of the world's history.<ref>See the "family tree" of Toynbee's "civilizations" in any edition of Toynbee's own work, or e.g. as Fig.1 on p.16 of: "The Rhythms of History: A Universal Theory of Civilizations", By Stephen Blaha. Pingree-Hill Publishing, 2002. ISBN 0-9720795-7-2.
</ref>

==Defining characteristics==
The Sinosphere is generally unified by first written language ability in [[Chinese language|Chinese]]. This defines the unifying factor as the influence of traditional Chinese cultural beliefs, marked by [[Confucianist]] social and moral ethics, [[Taoist]] or [[Mahayana Buddhist]] religious beliefs, as embodied in text using [[Chinese characters]]  (''[[Hanzi]]'' in [[Chinese]] and [[Taiwanese]],, ''[[kanji]]'' in Japanese, ''[[hanja]]'' in Korean, and ''[[Chinese characters in Vietnamese|Hán tự]]'' in [[Vietnamese]], ''[[hanja]]'' in [[Korean]] and ''[[kanji]]'' in [[Japanese]]) whether within [[China proper]] or in a peripheral culture before it emerged from the dominance of the center.

Another indicator is the everyday use of [[chopsticks]], which also may have originated in China.

==See also==
* [[All under heaven]]
* [[Greater China]]
* [[Sinocentrism]]
(contracted; show full)[[fr:Monde chinois]]
[[ko:한자 문화권]]
[[lt:Sinosfera]]
[[ja:漢字文化圏]]
[[ru:Китайский мир]]
[[vi:Văn hóa quyển chữ Hán]]
[[zh-yue:漢字文化圈]]
[[zh:漢字文化圈]]