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Benutzer:Cccefalon/Werkstatt/20-point agreement
{{Importartikel}}
{{Infobox Treaty
| name                = 20-point Agreement
| long_name           = Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore 
| image               = Agreement relating to Malaysia (1963) Malay Texts.djvu 
| image_width         = 200px
| caption             = Agreement relating to Malaysia
| type                =
(contracted; show full)7 (1)]]</ref> <br>([http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/21/36/00041791.pdf  English]), ([http://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20750/volume-750-I-10760-French.pdf French]), and ([http://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20750/volume-750-I-10760-Other.pdf Malay])<br>[http://treaties.un.org/pages/showDetails.aspx?objid=080000028011f470 Registered Nr. I-10760] 
| languages            = [[English language|English]] and [[Malay language|Malay]]
| website             =  

| wikisource          =  Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore⏎
}}
[[File:Agreement Relating to Malaysia between UK, N. Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore.djvu|thumb|Agreement Relating to Malaysia in English texts (document)]]
[[File:Malaysia Act 1963.pdf|thumb|Malaysia Act 1963 (document)]]

The '''20-point agreement''', or theder '''20-point memorandum''', is a list of 20 points drawn up by [[North Borneo]] (now [[Sabah]] and [[Labuan]] Islands), proposing termst eine Liste von 20 Punkten, mit dem der frühere Staat [[North Borneo]] im Verlauf der Verhandlungen zur Gründung von [[Malaysia]] die Bedingungen foür its incorporation into the new federationseinen Anschluss als the State of Sabah, during negotiations prior to the formBundesstaat [[Sabah]] an die [[Föderation of Malaysiaa]] niederlegte. It accomplished through the enactment of the Malaysia Act (1963), clause 1(1) of which states that on Malaysia Day, ''Her Majesty’s sovereignty and jurisdiction in respect of the new states shall be relinquished so as to vest in the manner agreed'',<ref>''See'': Section 1(1), [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1963/35/pdfs/ukpga_19630035_en.pdf Malaysia Act 1963], Chapter 35 (UK).</ref> on 16 September 1963.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://untreaty.un.(contracted; show full)| location = United States of America
| isbn = 1-56432-047-2
| pages = 33–34
| quote=
}}
</ref> Conversely, it can be also contended that the provision under the 20-point agreement which had been tabled under the Malaysia Bill is now rendered to be [[Void (law)|null and void]] following the [[History_of_Singapore#Separation|expulsion of Singapore]] from Malaysia in 1965.{{who|date=September 2012}} {{citation needed|date=September 2012}}

== 
HistoryGeschichte ==
From the international law perspective, moves were already afoot to turn decolonization into a major international issue. On 14 December 1960, the United Nations General Assembly had adopted the [[Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples]] – the famous Resolution 1514<ref>''See'': [http://unyearbook.un.org/1960YUN/1960_P1_SEC3_CH4.pdf General Assembly 15th Session - resolution 1541 (XV)] (pages:509-510)</ref> – with 89 votes in favour (contracted; show full) of Lansdowne|Lord Lansdowne]] served for Britain and [[Tun Abdul Razak]], Deputy Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya served for Malaya.<ref name="Lansdowne Committee">{{cite book |title=Malaysia; Selected Historical Readings |last=Bastin |first=John Sturgus |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1979 |publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]] |location= [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]] |isbn=9783262012165 |pages= |pages=526 |chapter= |url= |accessdate= {{date|2012|06|30}}}}</ref> 


The Die ''20 points were written with a view to safeguarding th'' wurden mit der Absicht verfasst, die iInterests, rights, asen, Rechte und thdie aAutonomy of the people of Sabah upon the formation of the federation of Malaysia. A similar proposal, with certain differences in content, was made by [[Sarawak]], and is commonly referred to as the [[18-point agreement (Sarawak)|18-point agreement]]. 

Attention is often drawn to these memoranda by those who believe that their principles were not subsequently adhered to after federation. There have been numerous calls for the 20 point memorandum to be reviewed so as to takie der Einwohner Sabahs bei der Bildung der malaysischen Föderation zu wahren. Ein ähnlicher Vorschlag mit inhaltlichen Unterschieden wurde von [[Sarawak]] eingebracht und wird als ''18-point agreement'' ("18-Punkte-Vereinbarung") bezeichnet.

Diese Memoranda werden auch heute noch häufig von denjenigen zitiert, die der Auffassung sind, dass die darin festgelegten Prinzipien nach dem Anschluß an die Föderation nicht mehr konsequent eingehalten wurden. Zahlreiche Rufe nach einer Überarbeitung der 20 Punkte iunto accounter Berücksichtigung der soczial, economic, and political changes over timeen, ökonomischen und politischen Änderungen der letzten Jahrzehnte wurden bereits laut.<ref name = "Daily Express 2004(2)">
{{cite news
| title = Sabah, S'wak urged to review agreements
| publisher = Daily Express
| date = 2004-12-21
| url = http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=31501
| accessdate = 2010-09-15
}}
</ref>

===Brief timeline of related events Zeitleiste relevanter Ereignisse (1961 - -1963)  ===
[[File:The Report of the Inter-Governmental Committee. On August 1st, 1962.PNG|thumb|200px|The Report of the Inter-Governmental Committee. On August 1st, 1962]]
*'''January 1961'''<br>[[Tunku Abdul Rahman]], Prime Minister of [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]] begins good will missions to [[Sarawak]], [[North Borneo]] (now [[Sabah]] including [[Labuan]] Islands), [[Brunei]] and [[Singapore]] to enlarge his voiced out of the idea at the UMNO conference in 1955.<ref>''See'': [[United Malays National Organisation]]</ref>
*'''27 May 1961'''<br>[[Tunku Abdul Rahman]], Prime Minister of [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]] at a dinner gathering for South East Asian journalists in [[Singapore]] held a press conference to announce his proposal to form the formation of [[Malaysia]], comprising [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]], [[Singapore]], [[Sarawak]], [[Brunei]] and [[North Borneo]] (now [[Sabah]] including [[Labuan]] Islands).<ref name="Formation of Malaysia">[http://www.malaysiamerdeka.gov.my Sambutan Kemerdekaan 55 tahun]: [http://www.malaysiamerdeka.gov.my/v2/en/history/the-formation-of-malaysia The Formation of Malaysia]</ref>
*'''23 August 1961'''<br>An official meeting was held between Singapore and Federation of Malaya was discussing Singapore autonomy.
*'''23 November 1961'''<br>a Joint Statement issued by the British and Malayan Federal Governments under clause 4 provided that before coming to any final decision it is necessary to ascertain the views of the peoples of North Borneo (now [[Sabah]] including [[Labuan]] Islands), and Sarawak to supported the proposal to create a new federation greater than the Federation of Malaya — Greater Malaysia.<ref>[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+Kitingan+case,+the+Borneo+states,+and+the+Malaysian+constitution.-a0179660416 The Kitingan case, the Borneo states, and the Malaysian constitution]</ref>
*'''17 January 1962'''<br>The Commission of Enquiry ([[Cobbold Commission]]) was announced to observe the views of the people of [[Singapore]], [[Sarawak]], [[Brunei]] and [[North Borneo]] (now [[Sabah]] including [[Labuan]] Islands).<ref name="Formation of Malaysia"/>
*'''21 March 1962'''<br>At a meeting of the Greater Malaysia Committee there was with an initial Malaysia proposal to the [[North Borneo Federation|Borneo States]] namely, [[North Borneo]] (now [[Sabah]] including [[Labuan]] Islands) and [[Sarawak]], and the State of [[Singapore]]  by The Commission of Enquiry ([[Cobbold Commission]]) was headed by [[Cameron Cobbold, 1st Baron Cobbold|Lord Cameron Cobbold]] and The Lansdowne Committee, an inter-governmental committee was appointed to work out the details of the final of the [[Malaysia Agreement]] of opinion in North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore by [[George Petty-Fitzmaurice, 8th Marquess of Lansdowne|Lord Lansdowne]] served for Britain and [[Tun Abdul Razak]], Deputy Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya served for Malaya.<ref name="Lansdowne Committee"/> An agreement that it would be preferable to wait for the both which had been tasked with assessment of support for the proposal in North Borneo (now [[Sabah]] including [[Labuan]] Islands), Sarawak, and Singapore to complete its report, in order to consider its findings before a decision was made on the federation with Malaya.
*'''21 June 1962'''<br>The Cobbold Report was completed and submitted to the prime ministers of Britain and Malaya (confidentially). The report concluded that one third  fully supported the idea, one third were in favour provided that safeguards were included, and the remaining one third were divided between those who would prefer North Borneo and Sarawak to gain independence prior to the merger and those who rejected the merger outright. The Commission's view was - firm support for a federated Malaysia (with transfer of sovereignty within twelve months), incorporating a transitional arrangement in which the British would remain for the first few years.<ref name="Cobbold01">{{cite web |url=http://www.digitalibrary.my/dmdocuments/malaysiakini/767_Report%20of%20the%20Commission%20of%20EnquiryNorth%20Borneo%20&%20Sarawak%20&%20IGC%201962.pdf |title=Report of the Commission of Enquiry, North Borneo and Sarawak, 1962 |accessdate=2010-09-16 |publisher=DigitaLibrary Malaysia |work=DigitaLibrary |author=Cobbold Commission |format=pdf |year=1962}}</ref>
*'''31 July 1962'''<br>The British and Malayan governments decided in principle that the proposed Federation of Malaysia should be brought into being by 31 August 1963. An Inter-Governmental Committee (IGC) was to be formed to work on future constitutional arrangements.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=juXAmf2t1qEC&pg=PA377&dq=%22agreement+on+setting+up+of+Federation+of+Malaysia%22&hl=en&ei=Ug2RTPfHLcS2cajbrfMM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false A J Stockwell (2004), p.377]</ref>
[[File:Referendum campaign and Singapore referendum 1962.PNG|thumb|200px|Poster the Referendum campaign and [[Singaporean national referendum, 1962|Singapore referendum]] in 1962]]
*'''1 August 1962'''<br>The Commission of Enquiry ([[Cobbold Commission]]) survey results that more than 70% of people of [[North Borneo]] (now [[Sabah]] including [[Labuan]] Islands) and [[Sarawak]] in favour. <br>The Lansdowne Report was published to all parties. Reportedly, this came as a surprise to North Borneo (now [[Sabah]] including [[Labuan]] Islands) 1961'''<br>[[Tunku Abdul Rahman]], der Premierminister der [[Föderation Malaya]] beginnt eine Freundschaftsreise durch [[Sarawak]], [[North Borneo]], [[Brunei]] und [[Singapure]] um 
to enlarge his voiced out of the idea at the UMNO conference in 1955.<ref>''See'': [[United Malays National Organisation]]</ref>
*'''27 May 1961'''<br>[[Tunku Abdul Rahman]], Prime Minister of [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]] at a dinner gathering for South East Asian journalists in [[Singapore]] held a press conference to announce his proposal to form the formation of [[Malaysia]], comprising [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]], [[Singapore]], [[Sarawak]], [[Brunei]] and [[North Borneo]].<ref name="Formation of Malaysia">[http://www.malaysiamerdeka.gov.my Sambutan Kemerdekaan 55 tahun]: [http://www.malaysiamerdeka.gov.my/v2/en/history/the-formation-of-malaysia The Formation of Malaysia]</ref>
*'''23 August 1961'''<br>An official meeting was held between Singapore and Federation of Malaya was discussing Singapore autonomy.
*'''23 November 1961'''<br>a Joint Statement issued by the British and Malayan Federal Governments under clause 4 provided that before coming to any final decision it is necessary to ascertain the views of the peoples of North Borneo, and Sarawak to supported the proposal to create a new federation greater than the Federation of Malaya — Greater Malaysia.<ref>[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+Kitingan+case,+the+Borneo+states,+and+the+Malaysian+constitution.-a0179660416 The Kitingan case, the Borneo states, and the Malaysian constitution]</ref>
*'''17 January 1962'''<br>The Commission of Enquiry ([[Cobbold Commission]]) was announced to observe the views of the people of [[Singapore]], [[Sarawak]], [[Brunei]] and [[North Borneo]].<ref name="Formation of Malaysia"/>
*'''21 March 1962'''<br>At a meeting of the Greater Malaysia Committee there was with an initial Malaysia proposal to the [[North Borneo Federation|Borneo States]] namely, [[North Borneo]], and the State of [[Singapore]]  by The Commission of Enquiry ([[Cobbold Commission]]) was headed by [[Cameron Cobbold, 1st Baron Cobbold|Lord Cameron Cobbold]] and The Lansdowne Committee, an inter-governmental committee was appointed to work out the details of the final of the [[Malaysia Agreement]] of opinion in North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore by [[George Petty-Fitzmaurice, 8th Marquess of Lansdowne|Lord Lansdowne]] served for Britain and [[Tun Abdul Razak]], Deputy Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya served for Malaya.<ref name="Lansdowne Committee"/> An agreement that it would be preferable to wait for the both which had been tasked with assessment of support for the proposal in North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore to complete its report, in order to consider its findings before a decision was made on the federation with Malaya.
*'''21. Juni 1962'''<br>Der [[Cobbold Report]] wurde fertiggestellt und als vertrauliches Dokument den Premierministern von Großbritannien und Malaya übergeben. Der Bericht stellte fest, dass ein Drittel die Idee vollständig unterstützen, ein weiteres Drittel war unter der Voraussetzung, dass The report concluded that one third  fully supported the idea, one third were in favour provided that safeguards were included, and the remaining one third were divided between those who would prefer North Borneo and Sarawak to gain independence prior to the merger and those who rejected the merger outright. The Commission's view was - firm support for a federated Malaysia (with transfer of sovereignty within twelve months), incorporating a transitional arrangement in which the British would remain for the first few years.<ref name="Cobbold01">{{cite web |url=http://www.digitalibrary.my/dmdocuments/malaysiakini/767_Report%20of%20the%20Commission%20of%20EnquiryNorth%20Borneo%20&%20Sarawak%20&%20IGC%201962.pdf |title=Report of the Commission of Enquiry, North Borneo and Sarawak, 1962 |accessdate=2010-09-16 |publisher=DigitaLibrary Malaysia |work=DigitaLibrary |author=Cobbold Commission |format=pdf |year=1962}}</ref>
*'''31. Juli 1962'''<br>Die Britische und Malaiische Regierung entscheiden, dass die vorgeschlagene Föderation vom Grundsatz her zum 31. August 1963 verwirklicht werden soll. Ein Gremium der beiden Regierungen, das ''Inter-Governmental Committee (IGC)'' sollte die Arbeit an der Ausgestaltung der zukünftigen Verfassung übernehmen.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=juXAmf2t1qEC&pg=PA377&dq=%22agreement+on+setting+up+of+Federation+of+Malaysia%22&hl=en&ei=Ug2RTPfHLcS2cajbrfMM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false A J Stockwell (2004), p.377]</ref>
[[File:Referendum campaign and Singapore referendum 1962.PNG|thumb|200px|Poster the Referendum campaign and [[Singaporean national referendum, 1962|Singapore referendum]] in 1962]]
*'''1 August 1962'''<br>The Commission of Enquiry ([[Cobbold Commission]]) survey results that more than 70% of people of [[North Borneo]] in favour. <br>The Lansdowne Report was published to all parties. Reportedly, this came as a surprise to North Borneo.
*'''13 – 14 August 1962'''<br>[[Tun Fuad Stephens|Donald Stephens]] convened a meeting of political leaders (leading representatives of UNKO, [[United Sabah National Organization|USNO]], the Democratic and United Parties and UNPMO).<ref name = "A J Stockwell">
{{Citation
| editor = A J Stockwell
| title = British Documents on the End of Empire
| series = B
| volume = 8
| url = http://books.google.com.my/books?id=juXAmf2t1qEC&pg=PA624&lpg=PA624&dq=twenty+point+memorandum&source=bl&ots=icm_riQtzM&sig=pHQCkJjyxMWDZ7XxCy21Tl18d7U&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZnYWUJKYHc7jrAekoID4Cg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=twenty%20point%20memorandum&f=false
| accessdate = 2012-07-30
| year = 2004
| publisher = TSO (The Stationery Office)
| publication-place = Norwich, UK
| isbn = 0-11-290581-1
| pages = 624
| quote=
}}
</ref>, who drew up a 14 point (later extended to 20 point) memorandum of minimum demands. This memorandum was signed by three representatives of each of the 5 parties, and was presented to [[Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne|Lord Lansdowne]] and [[Abdul Razak Hussein|Tun Razak]] when they visited North Borneo (now [[Sabah]] and [[Labuan Island]]). This demand gained support from Sarawak.<ref name = "A J Stockwell">
{{Citation
| editor = A J Stockwell
| title = British Documents on the End of Empire
| series = B
| volume = 8
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=juXAmf2t1qEC&pg=PA386&dq=%22twenty+point%22+borneo&hl=en&ei=1AiRTILvOMm2ca2vkbgM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22twenty%20point%22%20borneo&f=false
| accessdate = 2010-09-16
| year = 2004
| publisher = TSO (The Stationery Office)
| publication-place = Norwich, UK
| isbn = 0-11-290581-1
| pages = 386 [141]
| quote=
}}
</ref>
*'''1. September 1962'''<br>Singapore National Referendum to decide on the island's position within the Malaysia. (''Option A'' received the majority of the vote at 71.1%, a degree of autonomy and state power, such as over labour and education and to keep their language policies)<ref> ''See'': [[Singaporean national referendum, 1962]] </ref>
*'''12 & 26 September 1962 (respectively)'''<br> North Borneo (now [[Sabah]] including [[Labuan]] Islands) and Sarawak legislative council agreed to the formation of Malaysia (A report by [[Senu Abdul Rahman]] stated that indigenous people of North Borneo (now [[Sabah]] including [[Labuan]] Islands) wanted freedom from British — who were of Malay stock voiced support).<ref>James F. Ongkili,  '''THE PROBLEMS OF KADAZANDUSUN BUMIPUTERAISM: PROMISES, PRIVILEGES AND POLITICS''', Kajian Malaysia, Vol.XXI Nos. 1 & 2, 2003, School of History, Politics and Strategic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor</ref>on condition that state rights were safeguarded.<ref name = "A J Stockwell" /> 
(contracted; show full)
*'''9 July 1963'''<br>[[Malaysia Agreement]] signed by the Governments of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]], [[Federation of Malaya]], [[North Borneo]]
 (now [[Sabah]] including [[Labuan]] Islands), [[Sarawak]] and [[Singapore]] in [[London]]
*'''31 July 1963'''<br>[[Manila Accord]] (lists a series of Manila Declaration was signed on 3 August 1963 and Joint Statement was signed on 5 August 1963) between [[Federation of Malaya| Malaya]] (now [[Malaysia]]), [[Republic of Indonesia|Indonesia]] and the [[Republic of the Philippines|Philippines]], after a meeting of from 7 June to 5 August 1963 at [[Manila]]. This agreements agreed to abide by the wishes of the people of [[North Borneo]] (now [[Sabah]] including [[Labuan]] Islands) and [[Sarawak]] within the context of [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV)]], Principle 9 of the Annex,<ref>[http://unyearbook.un.org/1960YUN/1960_P1_SEC3_CH4.pdf General Assembly 15th Session – The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories (pages:509–510)]</ref><ref>[http://unyearbook.un.org/1963YUN/1963_P1_SEC1_CH3.pdf General Assembly 18th Session – the Question of Malaysia (pages:41–44)]</ref> taking into account referendum in North Borneo (now [[Sabah]] including [[Labuan]] Islands) and [[Sarawak]] that would be free and without coercion.<ref>[http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/16/16/00030780.pdf United Nations Treaty Registered No. 8029, Manila Accord between Philippnes, Federation of Malaya and Indonesia (31 JULY 1963)]</ref> which is reinforced by the Agreement relating to the implementation of the Manila Accord signed on 7 February 1966 between [[Malaysia]] and the [[Republic of the Philippines|Philippines]]<ref>[http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/18/5/00034224.pdf United Nations Treaty Series No. 8809, Agreement relating to the implementation of the Manila Accord]</ref>
*'''28 August 1963'''<br>Amending the [[Malaysia Agreement]] for proposed date of [[Malaysia Day]] from 31 August 1963 was substituted to 16 September 1963 signed by the Governments of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]], [[Federation of Malaya]], [[North Borneo]] (now [[Sabah]] including [[Labuan]] Islands), [[Sarawak]] and [[Singapore]] in [[London]]
*'''31 July 1963'''<br>[[Manila Accord]] (lists a series of Manila Declaration was signed on 3 August 1963 and Joint Statement was signed on 5 August 1963) between [[Federation of Malaya| Malaya]] (now [[Malaysia]]), [[Republic of Indonesia|Indonesia]] and the [[Republic of the Philippines|Philippines]], after a meeting of from 7 June to 5 August 1963 at [[Manila]]. This agreements agreed to abide by the wishes of the people of [[North Borneo]] within the context of [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV)]], Principle 9 of the Annex,<ref>[http://unyearbook.un.org/1960YUN/1960_P1_SEC3_CH4.pdf General Assembly 15th Session – The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories (pages:509–510)]</ref><ref>[http://unyearbook.un.org/1963YUN/1963_P1_SEC1_CH3.pdf General Assembly 18th Session – the Question of Malaysia (pages:41–44)]</ref> taking into account referendum in North Borneo and [[Sarawak]] that would be free and without coercion.<ref>[http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/16/16/00030780.pdf United Nations Treaty Registered No. 8029, Manila Accord between Philippnes, Federation of Malaya and Indonesia (31 JULY 1963)]</ref> which is reinforced by the Agreement relating to the implementation of the Manila Accord signed on 7 February 1966 between [[Malaysia]] and the [[Republic of the Philippines|Philippines]]<ref>[http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/18/5/00034224.pdf United Nations Treaty Series No. 8809, Agreement relating to the implementation of the Manila Accord]</ref>
*'''28 August 1963'''<br>Amending the [[Malaysia Agreement]] for proposed date of [[Malaysia Day]] from 31 August 1963 was substituted to 16 September 1963 signed by the Governments of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]], [[Federation of Malaya]], [[North Borneo]], [[Sarawak]] and [[Singapore]] in [[Singapore]].
*'''16 September 1963'''<br>Celebrating of the [[Malaysia Day]] and during the beginning on 16 September 2010, the September 16 or the [[Malaysia Day]] to be a federal public holiday in [[Malaysia]].<ref>http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/10/19/nation/20091019103509&sec=nation The Star, October 19, 2009</ref> 
(contracted; show full)started <ref>''See'': ''[[Malaysian Malaysia]]''</ref> then Singapore cease to be a state of Malaysia on 9 August 1965 become an independent state.<ref>''See'': the [http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-INDEP Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965] and the Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1966/29/contents Singapore Act 1966].</ref>

== 
The 20 points ==
=== Point 1: Religion ===
While there was no objection to Islam being the national religion of Malaysia there should be no State religion in North Borneo, and the provisions relating to Islam in the present Constitution of Malaya should not apply to North BorneoDie 20 Punkte ==
=== Punkt 1: Religion ===
Da keine Einwände gegen den Islam als Staatsreligion von Malaysia gelten gemacht werden, sollte es keine Staatsreligion in Nordborneo geben und die Bestimmungen in der derzeitigen Verfassung von Malaya hinsichtlich des Islams sollten nicht auf Nordborneo angewandt werden.<ref name = "A J Stockwell">
{{Citation
| editor = A J Stockwell
| title = British Documents on the End of Empire
| series = B
| volume = 8
| url = http://books.google.com.my/books?id=juXAmf2t1qEC&pg=PA624&lpg=PA624&dq=twenty+point+memorandum&source=bl&ots=icm_riQtzM&sig=pHQCkJjyxMWDZ7XxCy21Tl18d7U&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZnYWUJKYHc7jrAekoID4Cg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=twenty%20point%20memorandum&f=false
| accessdate = 2012-07-30
| year = 2004
| publisher = TSO (The Stationery Office)
| publication-place = Norwich, UK
| isbn = 0-11-290581-1
| pages = 624
| quote=
}}
</ref>

=== Point 2: Language ===
*a. Malay should be the national language of the Federation
*b. English should continue to be used for a period of 10 years after Malaysia Day
*c. English should be an official language of North Borneo for all purposes, State or Federal, without limitation of time.<ref name = "A J Stockwell">unkt 2: Sprache ===
*a. Die Landessprache der Föderation sollte Malaiisch sein.
*b. Die Englische Sprache sollte für einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren nach dem ''Malaysia Day'' weitergenutzt werden.
*c. Die Englische Sprache sollte für unbeschränkte Zeit eine offizielle Sprache von Nordborneo für alle Zwecke, sei es Bundes- oder Landesebene, sein.
{{Citation
| editor = A J Stockwell
| title = British Documents on the End of Empire
| series = B
| volume = 8
| url = http://books.google.com.my/books?id=juXAmf2t1qEC&pg=PA624&lpg=PA624&dq=twenty+point+memorandum&source=bl&ots=icm_riQtzM&sig=pHQCkJjyxMWDZ7XxCy21Tl18d7U&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZnYWUJKYHc7jrAekoID4Cg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=twenty%20point%20memorandum&f=false
| accessdate = 2012-07-30
| year = 2004
| publisher = TSO (The Stationery Office)
| publication-place = Norwich, UK
| isbn = 0-11-290581-1
| pages = 624
| quote=
}}
</ref>

=== Point 3: Constitution ===
Whilst accepting that the present Constitution of the Federation of Malaya should form the basis of the Constitution of Malaysia, the Constitution of Malaysia should be a completely new document drafted and agreed in the light of a free association of states and should not be a series of amendments to a Constitution drafted and agreed by different states in totally different circumstances. A new Constitution for North Borneo (now [[Sabah]] including [[Labuan]] Islands) was of course essential. .<ref name = "A J Stockwell">
{{Citation
| editor = A J Stockwell
| title = British Documents on the End of Empire
| series = B
| volume = 8
| url = http://books.google.com.my/books?id=juXAmf2t1qEC&pg=PA624&lpg=PA624&dq=twenty+point+memorandum&source=bl&ots=icm_riQtzM&sig=pHQCkJjyxMWDZ7XxCy21Tl18d7U&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZnYWUJKYHc7jrAekoID4Cg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=twenty%20point%20memorandum&f=false
| accessdate = 2012-07-30
| year = 2004
| publisher = TSO (The Stationery Office)
| publication-place = Norwich, UK
| isbn = 0-11-290581-1
| pages = 624
| quote=
}}
</ref>

=== Point 4: Head of Federation ===
The Head of State in North Borneo should not be eligible for election as Head of the Federation, but the Ruler or Governors of [[North Borneo]] (later more commonly known as  [[Sabah]] including [[Labuan]] Islands) and [[Sarawak]] shall be members of the [[Conference of Rulers]]<ref name= "Malaysia Bill">''See'' : [[s:Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore/Annex A|Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore - Annex A - Malaysia Bill]]</ref> its main responsibility is the election of the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]].

=== Point 5: Name of Federation ===
“Malaysia” but not “Melayu Raya”

=== Point 6: Immigration ===
Control over immigration into any part of Malaysia from outside should rest with the Central Government but entry into North Borneo should also require the approval of the State Government. The Federal Government should not be able to veto the entry of persons into North Borneo for State Government purposes except on strictly security grounds. North Borneo should have unfettered control over the movements of persons other than those in Federal Government employ from other parts of Malaysia into North Borneo.<ref name = "A J Stockwell">
{{Citation
| editor = A J Stockwell
| title = British Documents on the End of Empire
| series = B
| volume = 8
| url = http://books.google.com.my/books?id=juXAmf2t1qEC&pg=PA624&lpg=PA624&dq=twenty+point+memorandum&source=bl&ots=icm_riQtzM&sig=pHQCkJjyxMWDZ7XxCy21Tl18d7U&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZnYWUJKYHc7jrAekoID4Cg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=twenty%20point%20memorandum&f=false
| accessdate = 2012-07-30
| year = 2004
| publisher = TSO (The Stationery Office)
| publication-place = Norwich, UK
| isbn = 0-11-290581-1
| pages = 624
| quote=
}}
</ref>

=== Point 7: Right of Secession ===
There should be no right to secede from the Federation.<ref name = "R B Mandal">
{{Citation
| editor = Ram Bahadur Mandal
| title = Patterns of Regional Geography: An International Perspective
| volume = 3
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=XWwCHWwgKt0C&pg=PA252&dq=%22Twenty+point%22+north+borneo&hl=en&ei=lW-QTIfiC5KmvQOP0LTPCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDcQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false
| accessdate = 2010-09-15
| year = 1990
| publisher = Concept Publishing
| publication-place = New Delhi
| isbn = 81-7022-292-3
| pages = 252–254
| quote=
}}
</ref>

=== Point 8: Borneanisation ===
Borneanisation of the public service should proceed as quickly as possible.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>

=== Point 9: British Officers ===
Every effort should be made to encourage British Officers to remain in the public service until their places can be taken by suitably qualified people from North Borneo.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>

=== Point 10: Citizenship ===
The recommendation in paragraph 148(k) of the Report of the Cobbold Commission should govern the citizenship rights in the Federation of North Borneo subject to the following amendments:
*a) sub-paragraph (i) should not contain the proviso as to five years residence
*b) in order to tie up with our law, sub-paragraph (ii)(a) should read “7 out of 10 years” instead of “8 out of 10 years”
*c) sub-paragraph (iii) should not contain any restriction tied to the citizenship of parents – a person born in North Borneo after Malaysia must be federal citizen.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>

=== Point 11: Tariffs and Finance ===
North Borneo should retain control of its own finance, development and tariff,<ref name = "R B Mandal"/> and should have the right to work up its own taxation and to raise loans on its own credit.

=== Point 12: Special position of indigenous races ===
In principle the indigenous races of North Borneo should enjoy special rights analogous to those enjoyed by Malays in Malaya, but the present Malaya formula in this regard is not necessarily applicable in North Borneo.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>

=== Point 13: State Government ===
*a) the Chief Minister should be elected by unofficial members of Legislative Council
*b) There should be a proper Ministerial system in North Borneo.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>

=== Point 14: Transitional period ===
This should be seven years and during such period legislative power must be left with the State of North Borneo by the Constitution and not be merely delegated to the State Government by the Federal Government.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>

=== Point 15: Education ===
The existing educational system of North Borneo should be maintained and for this reason it should be under state control.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>

=== Point 16: Constitutional safeguards ===
No amendment modification or withdrawal of any special safeguard granted to North Borneo should be made by the Central Government without the positive concurrence of the Government of the State of North Borneo

The power of amending the Constitution of the State of North Borneo should belong exclusively to the people in the state.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>
(Note: The United Party, The Democratic Party and the Pasok Momogun Party considered that a three-fourth majority would be required in order to effect any amendment to the Federal and State Constitutions whereas the UNKO and USNO considered a two-thirds majority would be sufficient.)

=== Poinunkt 3: Verfassung ===
Obwohl Einigkeit darüber herrscht, dass die derzeitige ''Verfassung der Föderation Malaya'' die Ausgangsbasis für eine ''Verfassung von Malaysia'' bilden sollte, sollte die ''Verfassung von Malaysia'' ein neues Dokument sein, das im Lichte eines freien Zusammenschlussen der Staaten entworfen und beschlossen wird und nicht eine Sammlung von Ergänzungen zu einer Verfassung, die von anderen Staaten unter völlig anderen Umständen entworfen und beschlossen wurde. Eine neue Verfassung für Nordborneo war selbstverständlich unbedingt erforderlich.
Whilst accepting that the present Constitution of the Federation of Malaya should form the basis of the Constitution of Malaysia, the Constitution of Malaysia should be a completely new document drafted and agreed in the light of a free association of states and should not be a series of amendments to a Constitution drafted and agreed by different states in totally different circumstances. A new Constitution for North Borneo was of course essential.<ref name = "A J Stockwell">
{{Citation
| editor = A J Stockwell
| title = British Documents on the End of Empire
| series = B
| volume = 8
| url = http://books.google.com.my/books?id=juXAmf2t1qEC&pg=PA624&lpg=PA624&dq=twenty+point+memorandum&source=bl&ots=icm_riQtzM&sig=pHQCkJjyxMWDZ7XxCy21Tl18d7U&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZnYWUJKYHc7jrAekoID4Cg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=twenty%20point%20memorandum&f=false
| accessdate = 2012-07-30
| year = 2004
| publisher = TSO (The Stationery Office)
| publication-place = Norwich, UK
| isbn = 0-11-290581-1
| pages = 624
| quote=
}}
</ref>

=== PunktPunkt 4: Head of Federation ===
The Head of State in North Borneo should not be eligible for election as Head of the Federation, but the Ruler or Governors of [[North Borneo]] (later more commonly known as and [[Sarawak]] shall be members of the [[Conference of Rulers]]<ref name= "Malaysia Bill">''See'' : [[s:Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore/Annex A|Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore - Annex A - Malaysia Bill]]</ref> its main responsibility is the election of the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]].

=== Punkt 5: Name der Föderation ===
“Malaysia” aber nicht “Melayu Raya”.

=== Punkt 6: Einwanderung ===
Die Kontrolle über die Einwanderung nach Malaysia im allgemeinen sollte bei der Zentralregierung liegen, aber eine Zuwanderung nach Nordborneo sollte auch der Genehmigung der Landesregierung bedürfen. Die Regierung der Föderation sollte bei Personen, die aus Gründen der Landesregierung nach Nordborneo einreisen, nicht Einspruch einlegen dürfen, es sei denn aus reinen Sicherheitsgründen. Nordborneo sollte uneingeschränkte Kontrolle über alle Personenbewegungen von anderen Teilen Malaysias nach Nordborneo haben, mit Ausnahme von Angestellten der Föderationsregierung.<ref name = "A J Stockwell">
{{Citation
| editor = A J Stockwell
| title = British Documents on the End of Empire
| series = B
| volume = 8
| url = http://books.google.com.my/books?id=juXAmf2t1qEC&pg=PA624&lpg=PA624&dq=twenty+point+memorandum&source=bl&ots=icm_riQtzM&sig=pHQCkJjyxMWDZ7XxCy21Tl18d7U&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZnYWUJKYHc7jrAekoID4Cg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=twenty%20point%20memorandum&f=false
| accessdate = 2012-07-30
| year = 2004
| publisher = TSO (The Stationery Office)
| publication-place = Norwich, UK
| isbn = 0-11-290581-1
| pages = 624
| quote=
}}
</ref>

=== Point 7: Right of Secession ===
There should be no right to secede from the Federation.<ref name = "R B Mandal">Ram Bahadur Mandal:[http://books.google.com/books?id=XWwCHWwgKt0C&pg=PA252&dq=%22Twenty+point%22+north+borneo&hl=en&ei=lW-QTIfiC5KmvQOP0LTPCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDcQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false Patterns of Regional Geography: An International Perspective, Vol. 3], Seite 252–254, Concept Publishing, New Delhi, 1990, ISBN 81-7022-292-3; Zugriff am 17. Oktober 2012</ref>
PunktPoint 8: Borneanisation ===
Borneanisation of the public service should proceed as quickly as possible.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>PunktPoint 9: British Officers ===
Every effort should be made to encourage British Officers to remain in the public service until their places can be taken by suitably qualified people from North Borneo.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>PunktPoint 10: Citizenship ===
The recommendation in paragraph 148(k) of the Report of the Cobbold Commission should govern the citizenship rights in the Federation of North Borneo subject to the following amendments:
*a) sub-paragraph (i) should not contain the proviso as to five years residence
*b) in order to tie up with our law, sub-paragraph (ii)(a) should read “7 out of 10 years” instead of “8 out of 10 years”
*c) sub-paragraph (iii) should not contain any restriction tied to the citizenship of parents – a person born in North Borneo after Malaysia must be federal citizen.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>PunktPoint 11: Tariffs and Finance ===
North Borneo should retain control of its own finance, development and tariff,<ref name = "R B Mandal"/> and should have the right to work up its own taxation and to raise loans on its own credit.PunktPoint 12: Special position of indigenous races ===
In principle the indigenous races of North Borneo should enjoy special rights analogous to those enjoyed by Malays in Malaya, but the present Malaya formula in this regard is not necessarily applicable in North Borneo.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>PunktPoint 13: State Government ===
*a) the Chief Minister should be elected by unofficial members of Legislative Council
*b) There should be a proper Ministerial system in North Borneo.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>PunktPoint 14: Transitional period ===
This should be seven years and during such period legislative power must be left with the State of North Borneo by the Constitution and not be merely delegated to the State Government by the Federal Government.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>

=== Punkt 15: Bildungswesen ===
Das bestehende Bildungswesen von Nordborneo soll beibehalten werden und aus diesem Grund sollte es unter der Kontrolle des Bundesstaates sein.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>

=== Punkt 16: Constitutional safeguards ===
No amendment modification or withdrawal of any special safeguard granted to North Borneo should be made by the Central Government without the positive concurrence of the Government of the State of North Borneo

Das Recht, die Verfassung von Nordborneo abzuändern, sollte ausschließlich den Menschen im Bundesstaat vorbehalten sein.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/><br />
(Hinweis: Um eine Änderung der jweiligen Bundes- oder Landesverfassung in Kraft treten zu lassen, betrachten die Parteien United Party, Democratic Party und Pasok Momogun Party betrachten eine [[Mehrheit#Qualifizierte_Mehrheit|Drei-Viertel-Mehrheit]] als erforderlich, während die Parteien UNKO und USNO einer [[Mehrheit#Qualifizierte_Mehrheit|Zwei-Drittel-Mehrheit]] als ausreichend erachten.

=== Punkt 17: Representation in Federal Parliament ===
This should take account not only of the population of North Borneo but also of its size and potentialities and in any case should not be less than that of Singapore.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>

=== Point 18: Name of Head of Stateunkt 18: Name des Staatsoberhauptes ===
Yang di-Pertua Negara.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>

=== Point 19: Name of State ===
Sabah.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>

=== Point 20: Land, Forests, Local Government, etc. ===
The provisions in the Constitution of the Federation in respect of the powers of the National Land Council should not apply in North Borneo. Likewise, the National Council for Local Government should not apply in North Borneounkt 19: Name des Bundesstaats ===
Sabah.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>

=== Punkt 20: Grundbesitz, Wälder, Kommunalverwaltung, etc. ===
Die Bestimmungen in der Verfassung der Föderation hinsichtlich der Vollmachten des ''National Land Council'' sollten nicht auf Nordborneo angewandt werden. Ebenso sollte der ''National Council for Local Government'' keine Anwendung in Nordborneo finden.<ref name = "R B Mandal"/>

==Documents==
{|
The Malaysia Agreement lists annexes of the 20-point agreement were therein
|-
|Annex A: Malaysia Bill
|-
(contracted; show full)| Annex&nbsp;&nbsp;J:&nbsp;Agreement between the Governments of the Federation of Malaya and Singapore on common and financial arrangements
|-
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Annex to Annek J—Singapore customs ordinance
|-
| Annex K: Arrangements with respect to broadcasting and television in Singapore
|}

== 
See also ==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|q=no|n=no|v=no|s=Malaysia Bill}}
* [[Proclamation of Malaysia]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[File:Proclamation of malaysia.jpg|border|20px]]
* [[Malaysia Agreement]]
* [[Malaysia Act 1963]]
* [[Hansard of the Malaysia Bill]]
* [[Malaysia Bill (1963)]]
* [[Kuching Declaration]]
* [[Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965]]
* [[Proclamation of Singapore]]
* [[Politics of Malaysia]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2010}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:20-Point Agreement (Sabah)}}
<nowiki>[[Category:Politics ofWeblinks ==
{{wikisource|en:Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore}} (englisch)

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT 20 Point Agreement (Sabah)}

<nowiki>
[[Kategorie:Geschichte von Sabah]]
[[Category:Sabah–Malaysia relations]]
[[Category:Political history of Malaysia]]
[[Category:Treaties of Malaysia]]
[[Category:Treaties concluded in 1963]]
</nowiki>
[[ms:Perjanjian 20 Perkara Sabah]]⏎
[[en:20-point agreement]]
[[ms:Perjanjian 20 Perkara Sabah]]
</nowiki>