Difference between revisions 112909392 and 112909395 on dewiki

{{about|the British mansion|Benjamin Chew's mansion in Germantown, Pennsylvania|Cliveden (Benjamin Chew House)}}
[[Image:Cliveden-2382.jpg|thumb|400px|View looking north from the Ring in the Parterre showing Terrace Pavilion and Clock Tower to the left with Lower Terrace and Borghese Balustrade below]]

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In 1984-6 the exterior of the mansion was overhauled and a new lead roof installed by the National Trust, while interior repairs were carried out by Cliveden Hotel.<ref>N.T. Guide, 1994, p.46.</ref>

== Early history ==
  
[[Image:CliveGardenFrontVitruviusBritannicus edited.jpg|thumb|right|The 1666 house. Only the arcaded terrace remains today.2ndDukeOfBuckingham.jpg|upright|thumb|George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham]]
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Cliveden stands on the site of a house built in 1666 designed by architect [[William Winde]] as the home of [[George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham]]. But before Buckingham's purchase the land was owned by the Mansfield family and before that to the de Clyveden family.<ref>Crathorne, 1995, p.10.</ref> 

The details are recorded in a document compiled by William Waldorf Astor in 1894 called "The Historical Descent of Cliveden". It shows that in 1237 the land was owned by Geoffrey de Clyveden and by 1300 it had passed to his son, William, who owned fisheries and mills along the Cliveden Reach stretch of the Thames and at nearby Hedsor. 

The document also shows that in 1569 a lodge existed on the site along with {{convert|50|acre|m2}} of land and was owned by Sir Henry Manfield and later his son, Sir Edward. In 1573 there were two lodges on {{convert|160|acre|m2}} of treeless [[chalk]] escarpement above the Thames. It was on this impressively high but exposed site that Buckingham chose to build the first Cliveden house. 

[[Image:2ndDukeOfBuckingham.jpg|upright|thumb|right|George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham]]
===George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham===CliveGardenFrontVitruviusBritannicus edited.jpg|thumb|left|The 1666 house. Only the arcaded terrace remains today.]]⏎

Buckingham pulled down the earlier buildings and chose William Winde as his architect. Winde designed a four-storey house above an arcaded terrace. Today, the terrace is the only feature of Buckingham's house to survive the 1795 fire. Although the Duke's intention was to use Cliveden as a "hunting box" he later housed his mistress Anna, Countess of Shrewsbury there. A contemporary account of Buckingham's antics with Anna is recounted by [[Samuel Pepys]] in his diary of the period.

"Cliveden" has been spelled differently over the centuries, some of the variations being Cliffden, Clifden, Cliefden and Clyveden.<ref name='Crathorne10'>{{Harvnb|Crathorne|1995|p=10}}</ref>⏎
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==Georgian Cliveden==
===1st Earl of Orkney===
After Buckingham's death in 1687 the house remained empty until the estate was purchased by [[George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney]] in 1696. Orkney became a general in the [[Battle of Blenheim]] (1704) and later governor of [[Virginia]], then an English colony, without ever setting foot on American soil. The Earl employed the architect [[Thomas Archer]] to add two new "wings" to the house, connected by curved corridors. Although an almost identic(contracted; show full)[[Category:Historic house museums in Buckinghamshire]]

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