Difference between revisions 113095478 and 113095481 on dewiki

{{about|the Marine Corps band|the geographical unit|Marine band (geology)}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=United States Marine Band
|image=[[File:PresidentsOwnheader.jpg|275px|center]][[File:Presidentsown.gif|275px|center]]
|dates=July 11, 1798--present
|branch=[[File:USMC logo.svg|20px]] [[United States Marine Corps]]
|march=[[Marines' Hymn]] (official hymn) {{audio|Marine's Hymn.ogg|Play}}
[[Semper Fidelis (march)|Semper Fidelis]] (official march) {{audio|Semper Fidelis.ogg|Play}}
|notable_commanders=Colonel Michael J. Colburn
Major Jason K. Fettig

Captain Michelle A. Rakers 
|garrison=[[Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C.]]
|nickname="The President's Own"
|website=[http://www.marineband.usmc.mil/ www.marineband.usmc.mil/]
}}
The '''United States Marine Band''' is the premier [[Band (music)|band]] of the [[United States Marine Corps]]. Established by [[act of Congress]] on July 11, 1798, it is the oldest of the [[United States military bands]] and the oldest professional musical organization in the [[United States]]. Today, the Marine Band also includes the Marine Chamber Orchestra and Marine Chamber Ensembles. 

The Marine Band is entirely separate from its sister military band, the [[United States Marine Drum and Bugle Corps]] '''"The Commandant's Own"''' and the 12 [[active duty]] Marine Corps field bands.

The Marine Band is uniquely known as '''"The President's Own"''' because of its historic connection to the [[President of the United States]]. The relationship between the Marine Band and the [[White House]] began on [[New Year's Day]] 1801, when President [[John Adams]] invited the band to perform at the Executive Mansion. Later that year, [[Thomas Jefferson]] initiated the tradition of Marine Band performances by requesting that it perform at his inauguration. The Marine Band has played at every [[United States presidential inauguration]] since. 

Today, the Marine Band performs in approximately 500 events every year including [[State funerals in the United States|state funerals]], [[State Arrival Ceremony|state arrival ceremonies]], [[state dinner]]s, parades, concerts, and other social events. The Marine Band also travels across the country each October and November during its fall concert tour, a tradition that began in 1891 under its most famous director, composer [[John Philip Sousa]].

==Members and organization==
[[File:PlateVII Band.jpg|225px|thumb|right|United States Marine Band uniforms.]]
The Marine Band recruits experienced [[musician]]s; members are selected through a rigorous [[audition]] procedure and must satisfy additional security and physical requirements to be eligible. Selected band members serve under a four-year contract as [[active duty]] [[Enlisted rank|enlisted]] Marines and are subject to the [[Uniform Code of Military Justice]] and physical standards. They are the only members of the [[United States Armed Forces]] not required to undergo [[recruit training]] and do not perform combat missions. Also, they are not assigned to any unit other than the Marine Band.

The band members start at the rank of [[Staff Sergeant]], and wear [[United States Marine Corps enlisted rank insignia|rank insignia]] with a [[lyre]] replacing the normal crossed rifles. [[Officer (armed forces)|Commissioned officers]] are drawn from the band, although [[Drum Major]]s are career Marines and are selected from [[Fleet Marine Force]] bands, as they are responsible for the military development of the band's members.  As of 2010, the USMC spends about $10 million annually to support the band.<ref>Pincus, Walter, "Defense Dept. Uses Thousands Of Musicians, Spends Many Millions, To Strike Up The Bands", ''[[Washington Post]]'', 7 September 2010, p. 13.</ref>

==Performances==
[[File:President's Own during 1997 Inaugural parade.JPEG|225px|thumb|right|The United States Marine Band "The President's Own" marching down 15th Street during an inaugural parade held in honor of President [[Bill Clinton]] on January 20, 1997.]] 
[[File:US Navy 040609-N-5471P-005 The U.S. Marine Corp Band, the .jpg|225px|thumb|right|Members of the United States Marine Band "The President's Own" escorting the remains of President [[Ronald Reagan]] to the [[United States Capitol Rotunda|Capitol Rotunda]] during [[State funeral of Ronald Reagan|his state funeral]] held in June 2004.]][[File:US Navy 041110-N-1810F-161 The U.S. Marine Corps marching band plays for an audience attending a wreath laying ceremony honoring the U.S. Marine Corps' 229th birthday at the Iwo Jima National Memorial.jpg|225px|thumb|right|The United States Marine Band "The President's Own" performing for an audience attending a wreath laying ceremony honoring the [[United States Marine Corps birthday ball|United States Marine Corps' 229th birthday]] at the [[Marine Corps War Memorial]].]]
The Marine Band's performance schedule is coordinated by the Marine Band Branch of [[Headquarters Marine Corps]] Public Affairs, which works with the Director of the Marine Band and the Marine Band Operations Office to schedule performances and ceremonies by the band, chamber orchestra, and chamber ensembles.

The Marine Band also has a professional support staff (Library, Recording Lab, Stage Managers, and Stage Crew) as well as the Administration, Public Affairs, and Supply offices, who work to coordinate, promote, and facilitate performances throughout the year.

The full band has a complement of about 130 members, but rarely do they all play together.

A 42-piece Marine Band is used for all [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]] and formal military arrivals and patriotic openers for large events. Patriotic openers are 15 minutes of patriotic music, including the [[Color guard|presentation and retirement of the colors]], the "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]" ([[national anthem]]), and the "Marines' Hymn." Patriotic openers are performed throughout the [[Washington Metropolitan Area]] at a variety of events for military organizations, federal agencies, and associations.

Events that the Marine Band participates in include:

*'''[[United States presidential inaugurations]]'''. The Marine Band has participated in every presidential inauguration since Thomas Jefferson's in 1801. The inauguration includes a swearing-in ceremony and a parade, as well as other smaller celebrations and festivities throughout the afternoon and evening. The Marine Band is positioned at the [[United States Capitol]] for the swearing-in ceremony and a 99-piece band marches in the parade. The band also performs for celebrations following the official ceremony and parade. Celebrations are typically divided by state and held at hotels and in large public spaces throughout Washington D.C.

*'''[[State funerals in the United States]]'''. The [[Military District of Washington]] Commander of Troops arranges the ceremonial preparations and for the funeral supervises the procession to the [[Washington National Cathedral]] in [[Northwest, Washington, D.C.|Northwest D.C.]] The [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] conducts the funeral proceedings. A traditional components of the state funerals is a procession composed of [[United States National Guard|National Guard]], active-duty, [[United States Service academies|academy]], and [[Reserve components of the United States armed forces|reserve]] personnel that represent the five branches of the [[United States armed forces]]. A 99-piece Marine Band provides traditional music during each phase of the state funeral, often with other military bands. Previous funeral processions in the nation's capital have honored ten presidents.

*'''[[State Arrival Ceremony|State Arrival Ceremonies]]'''. The Marine Band performs during a State Arrival Ceremony at the White House, an event which welcomes a visiting [[head of state]] to the United States and begins a [[state visit]]. The United States Marine Band is located on the balcony of the South Portico, just outside the [[Blue Room (White House)|Blue Room]]. Following the ceremony, the Marine Band performs in the [[Cross Hall]] during the receiving line and reception.

*'''[[Arlington National Cemetery]] [[military funeral]]s'''. The Marine Band participates in every full honors military funeral for a deceased Marine at [[Arlington National Cemetery]]. During the funeral ceremony, the Marine Band performs chorales and hymns on every occasion that the deceased is transferred or moved. When the escorts and funeral procession move the deceased from a [[chapel]] or transfer site to the final resting place, a [[drum cadence]] and funeral marches are performed. "[[Marines' Hymn]]" is performed for the final transfer of the deceased onto the resting site. Following this, the deceased receives final honors and three [[wikt:Volley|volleys]], and a lone [[bugler]] from the Marine Band performs "[[Taps]]." At the conclusion of the funeral ceremony, an [[Flag of the United States|American flag]] is folded and presented to the family of the deceased, during which the Marine Band performs "[[Eternal Father, Strong to Save]]," the [[United States Navy|Navy]] hymn.

*'''Friday Evening Parades''' are held at [[Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C.]] during Friday evenings in summer (May through August). These 75-minute performances of music and precision marching, features the Marine Band along with the Drum and Bugle Corps, and the [[Silent Drill Platoon]]. The ceremony begins at 8:45 p.m., with a concert by the Marine Band.

*'''Other events'''. The Marine Band sometimes performs at additional events, such as [[state dinner]]s and formal receptions at the White House, as well as performances at the [[National Sylvan Theater]] in Washington D.C. during the summer months.

==Leadership==
[[File:080821-M-3261D-001.jpg|225px|thumb|Master Gunnery Sergeant Cynthia Rugolo plays the [[piccolo]] during a Friday evening parade at [[Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C.]]]][[File:US Navy 080821-M-3261D-002 A drum major in .jpg|225px|thumb|right|The [[Drum Major]] of the United States Marine Band, Master Gunnery Sergeant William L. Browne, wearing a [[bearskin]] headpiece and holding a [[ceremonial mace]].]]
The early leadership of the Marine Band consisted of both a Drum Major and a Fife Major, who wore identical uniforms. The Drum Major was considered the Leader of the Marine Band, while the Fife Major's responsibility was to train the fifers. The first leader of the United States Marine Band was William Farr, who is listed in historical records as having served as Drum Major from January 21, 1799. 

After the retirement of Drum Major Raphael Triay in 1855, then-Fife Major Francis Scala became Drum Major. On July 25, 1861, President [[Abraham Lincoln]] signed an Act of Congress to reorganize the Marine Band. This act abolished the rank of Fife Major (and in 1881 the fife was removed from Marine Corps instrumentation entirely), created the positions of Leader of the Band/Principal Musician, Drum Major, and authorized 30 musicians. Scala was the first Marine Band musician to receive the title "Leader of the Band"; John Roach was selected as Drum Major.

The earliest recorded Second Leader of the United States Marine Band was Salvador Petrola. Marine Band [[cornetist]] Walter F. Smith, who performed under 17th director, John Philip Sousa, became the first official Second Leader when an Act of Congress established the positions of First Leader and Second Leader of the Marine Band in March 1899.

During the [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] administration, the titles First Leader and Second Leader were replaced by Director and Assistant Director. When [[Albert F. Schoepper]] was appointed as Director in 1955, a second Assistant Director was added to the Marine Band leadership. Today, the Assistant Director positions are designated in two titles: Senior Assistant Director and Executive Officer, and Assistant Director.

Today, the Drum Major serves as the senior enlisted member of "The President's Own" and is responsible for the band's appearance, ceremonial drill, and military decorum. He is charged with directing the band in ceremonies, including the inaugural parade, and regularly leads the band in review for Presidents and visiting heads of state and other dignitaries. 

The Drum Major's uniform is unique; he wears a [[bearskin]] headpiece and carries a [[ceremonial mace]] used to signal commands to the musicians. The drum major also wears the officer's version of the [[Eagle, Globe, and Anchor]] (the Marine Corps emblem). He also wears an ornate [[baldric]], similar to a sash, embroidered with the band's crest and the Marine Corps' battle honors, as well as miniatures of his own medals.

==Composers==
Sousa composed several of his finest marches, including ''[[Semper Fidelis (march)|Semper Fidelis]]'', while serving as director of the Marine Band.<ref>{{cite book|title=Musicians and Composers of the 20th Century-Volume 4|author=Alfred W. Cramer|publisher=Salem Press|year=2009|page=1386}}</ref>

Thomas Powell Knox joined the Marine Band in 1961 as a trumpet player and moved to the arranging staff in 1966. Three years later, Knox was appointed chief arranger and continued to compose and arrange for the Marine Band until his retirement in 1985. Some of his more notable compositions include "God of Our Fathers" (commissioned for [[Ronald Reagan|Ronald Reagan's]] first inauguration) and "American Pageant," which was commissioned for [[Richard Nixon|Richard Nixon's]] first inauguration. Knox arranged or composed over 300 pieces, many of which are still played by the Marine Band and other bands across America.

{{hidden/FC|headerstyle=background:#ccf;|contentstyle=border:1px #ccf solid; padding:10px;|header=Leaders of the United States Marine Band|content=<div>
[[William Farr]] (1799){{•w}}
[[Charles S. Ashworth]] (1804){{•w}}
[[Venerando Pulizzi]] (1816){{•w}}
[[John Powley]] (1816){{•w}}
[[Venerando Pulizzi]] (1818){{•w}}
[[John B. Cuvillier]] (1827){{•w}}
[[Joseph Cuvillier]] (1829){{•w}}
[[Francis Schenig]] (1835){{•w}}
[[Raphael R. Triay]] (1836){{•w}}
[[Antonio Pons]] (1843){{•w}}
[[Joseph Lucchesi]] (1844){{•w}}
[[Antonio Pons]] (1846){{•w}}
[[Raphael R. Triay]] (1848){{•w}}
[[Francis M. Scala]] (1855){{•w}}
[[Henry Fries]] (1871){{•w}}
Louis Schneider (1873){{•w}}
[[John Philip Sousa]] (1880){{•w}}
[[Francesco Fanciulli]] (1892){{•w}}
[[William H. Santelmann]] (1898){{•w}}
[[Taylor Branson]] (1927){{•w}}
[[William F. Santelmann]] (1940){{•w}}
[[Albert F. Schoepper]] (1955){{•w}}
[[Dale L. Harpham]] (1972){{•w}}
[[Jack T. Kline]] (1974){{•w}}
[[John R. Bourgeois]] (1979){{•w}}
[[Timothy W. Foley]] (1996){{•w}}
[[Michael J. Colburn]] (2004)
</div>
}}
{{hidden/FC|headerstyle=background:#ccf;|contentstyle=border:1px #ccf solid; padding:10px;|header=Drum Majors of the United States Marine Band|content=<div>
[[John Roach]] (1861–1875){{•w}}
[[Richard T. Johnson]] (1875–1882){{•w}}
[[Edward D. Hughes]] (1882–1885){{•w}}
[[August Gaeckler]] (1886–1895){{•w}}
[[James Barton]] (1895–1897){{•w}}
[[Ruben Bradley]] (1897–1908){{•w}}
[[Reynold H. Nothbohm]] (1908–1910){{•w}}
[[James L. Culleton]] (1911){{•w}}
[[Hurshel D. Pryor]] (1911–1927){{•w}}
[[Hiram H. Florea]] (1927–1943){{•w}}
[[Elmer R. Hansen]] (1943–1949){{•w}}
[[Edmond DeMar]] (1949–1958){{•w}}
[[Henry L. Peters]] (1958–1964){{•w}}
[[Daniel M. Oeser]] (1964–1968){{•w}}
[[James R. Donovan]] (1968–1972){{•w}}
[[Charles R. Jimerson]] (1972–1974){{•w}}
[[Dennis E. Carroll]] (1974–1984){{•w}}
[[Gary A. Petersen]] (1984–1989){{•w}}
John D. Lee (1989–1994){{•w}}
[[Dennis R. Wolfe]] (1994–1999){{•w}}
[[John R. Barclay]] (1999–2001){{•w}}
[[Thomas D. Kohl]] (2001–2007){{•w}}
[[William L. Browne]] (2007-present)
</div>
}}

== Music ==
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
{{multi-listen item
|filename=John_Philip_Sousa_-_U.S._Marine_Band_-_Semper_Fidelis_March.ogg
|title=Semper Fidelis (1909)
|description=[[John Philip Sousa|John Philip Sousa's]] "[[Semper Fidelis (march)|Semper Fidelis March]]", the official march of the United States Marine Corps. Performed by the Marine Band in June 1909.}} 
{{multi-listen item
|filename=Semper Fidelis.ogg
|title=Semper Fidelis (1989)
|description=Sousa's "Semper Fidelis March", the official march of the United States Marine Corps. Performed by the Marine Band in 1989.}}
{{multi-listen item
|filename    = Washington Post.ogg
|title       = The Washington Post
|description = Sousa's march "The Washington Post". Performed by the Marine Band.
|format      = [[Ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen item
|filename=King Cotton.ogg
|title=King Cotton
|description=Sousa's march "King Cotton". Performed by the Marine Band.
|filetype=[[Ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen item
|filename=Manhattan Beach.ogg
|title=Manhattan Beach
|description=Sousa's march "Manhattan Beach". Performed by the Marine Band.
|filetype=[[Ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen item
|filename    = USMC stars stripes forever.ogg
|title       = Stars and Stripes Forever
|description = Sousa's march "Stars and Stripes Forever". Performed by the Marine Band.
|format      = [[Ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen item
|filename    = The Thunderer.ogg
|title       = The Thunderer
|description = Sousa's march "The Thunderer". Performed by the Marine Band in 1896.
|format      = [[Ogg]]}}
{{Col-break}}
{{multi-listen item
|filename    = Revelation - U.S. Marine Band.ogg
|title       = Revelation
|description = [[William Paris Chambers|William Paris Chambers']] march "Revelation". Performed by the Marine Band in 1992.
|format      = [[Ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen item
|filename    = Famous 22nd Regiment March - U.S. Marine Band.ogg
|title       = 22nd Regiment March
|description = [[Patrick Gilmore|Patrick Gilmore's]] "22nd Regiment March". Performed by the Marine Band in 1992.
|format      = [[Ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen item
|filename    = The Circus Bee.ogg
|title       = The Circus Bee
|description = [[Henry Fillmore|Henry Fillmore's]] screamer "The Circus Bee". Performed by the Marine Band.
|format      = [[Ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen item
|filename    = The White Cockade - U.S. Marine Band.ogg
|title       = The White Cockade
|description = "The White Cockade" march, played by fifes and drums of the Marine Band in 1992.
|format      = [[Ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen item
|filename    = Marine's Hymn.ogg
|title       = The Marines' Hymn
|description = "The Marines' Hymn", the official hymn of the United States Marine Corps. Performed by the Marine Band.
|format      = [[Ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen item
|filename    = Radetzky March.ogg
|title       = Radetzky March
|description = [[Johann Strauss I|Johann Strauss I's]] march "Radetzky March". Performed by the Marine Band.
|format      = [[Ogg]]}}
{{multi-listen item
|filename    = Wagner - die walkure fantasie.ogg
|title       = Pastiche from Die Walküre
|description = Music from [[Richard Wagner|Richard Wagner's]] opera "Die Walküre". Performed by the Marine Band.
|format      = [[Ogg]]}}
{{Col-end}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:PresidentsOwn1864band.jpg|The United States Marine Band "The President's Own", 1864.
File:John Philip Sousa.jpg|[[John Philip Sousa]], was appointed the 17th leader of the Marine Band on October 1, 1880, serving in this position until July 30, 1892.
File:Reception for West German Chancellor Willy Brandt on the south lawn of the White House. - NARA - 194311.tif|The Marine Band performing during a [[State Arrival Ceremony]] for West German Chancellor [[Willy Brandt]] on the [[South Lawn]], 1970.
File:Marine Band playing in White House Cross Hall 1988.jpg|The Marine Band performing in the [[Entrance Hall]] at the [[White House]] in conjunction with an official dinner held for British Prime Minister [[Margaret Thatcher]], 1988.
File:John R. Bourgeois.jpg|[[John R. Bourgeois]], composer and director of the Marine Band from 1979 to 1996.
File:Marine Band in the Cross Hall during the 2001 holiday season.jpg|A member of the Marine Band greeting a young fan in the Entrance Hall during the holiday season at the White House, 2001.
File:US Navy 071108-N-5549O-097 Commandant of the Marine Corps, Gen. James T. Conway speaks with members of the United States Marine Corps Band during a ceremony in celebration of the 232nd Marine Corps birthday held at the Pentagon.jpg|The [[Commandant of the Marine Corps]], Gen. [[James T. Conway]], speaking with members of the Marine Band during a ceremony in celebration of the 232nd Marine Corps birthday held at [[The Pentagon]], 2007.
File:Director of “The President’s Own” United States Marine Band, Colonel Michael J. Colburn.jpg|The 27th and current director of the Marine Band, Colonel Michael J. Colburn, who joined the band as a euphonium player in 1987 and was appointed director July, 17 2004.⏎
File:US Marine Band peforms during 2009 inauguration hires 090120-N-1928O-052a.jpg|The Marine Band performing at the [[United States Capitol Building]] during the [[Inauguration of Barack Obama|56th Presidential Inauguration]] in [[Washington D.C.]], 2009.
File:Michael Colburn directs US Marine Band during 2009 inauguration 1-20-09.JPG|Colonel Michael J. Colburn conducting the Marine Band at the presidential inauguration of [[Barack Obama]] held at the United States Capitol Building in Washington, D.C., 2009. 
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|United States Marine Corps}}
*[[United States military bands]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{commons category|United States Marine Corps Band}}
* Abbott James A., and Elaine M. Rice. ''Designing Camelot: The Kennedy White House Restoration.'' Van Nostrand Reinhold: 1998. ISBN 0-442-02532-7.
* Clinton, Hillary Rodham. ''An Invitation to the White House: At Home with History.'' Simon & Schuster: 2000. ISBN 0-684-85799-5.
* Garrett, Wendell. ''Our Changing White House.'' Northeastern University Press: 1995. ISBN 1-55553-222-5.
* {{cite book|url=http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/PDF_Files/Pubs/Historical%20Persepctive%20On%20The%20President's%20Own%20U.S.%20Marine%20Band.pdf|title=Historical Perspective on The President's Own United States Marine Band 200th Anniversiary|first=MGySgt D. Michael|last=Ressier|year=1998|publisher=[[United States Marine Corps History Division|History and Museums Division]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|id=Government Printing Office Stock Number 008-055-00213-3|ISBN= 0-16-049644-6}}

==External links==
*[http://www.marineband.usmc.mil Official web site]
*[http://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_exhibits/marine_band/index.html THE UNITED STATES MARINE BAND: "The President's Own," Audio & Visual Exhibit]
*[http://www.marcorsyscom.usmc.mil/sites/mcub/library/MCUR/URCH6.htm MCO P1020.34F MARINE CORPS UNIFORM REGULATIONS CHAPTER 6: MUSICAL UNITS]
*[http://victor.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/talent/detail/23127/ Discography of the United States Marine Band] on [[Victor Talking Machine Company|Victor Records]] from the Encyclopedic Discography of Victor Recordings (EDVR)

{{US Marine Corps navbox}}
{{USMCmajorcommands}}

[[Category:American military bands]]
[[Category:Wind bands]]
[[Category:Presidency of the United States|Marine Band]]
[[Category:White House|Marine Band]]
[[Category:White House Executive Residence Operations|Marine Band]]
[[Category:Military units and formations of the United States Marine Corps]]
[[Category:Military in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1798]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in the 1790s]]
[[Category:1798 establishments in the United States]]

[[fr:United States Marine Band]]
[[zh:美国海军陆战队军乐团]]