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{{History of Indonesia}}
{{Copyedit|date=November 2007}}
'''Kediri''' was an [[Indianized kingdom]] based in eastern [[Java (island)|Java]] from [[1042]] to around [[1222]]. Despite the seeming lack of archaeological remains, the age of Kediri was one which saw much development in field of classical literature. <ref>{{cite book | last =Bullough | first =Nigel| title =Historic East Java: Remains in Stone| consulting editor: Mujiyono PH| publisher =ADLine Communications| da(contracted; show full)

From 1190 to 1200 king Çrngga was the monarch of Kediri, with official name ''Çri maharaja çri Sarwweçwara Triwikramawataranindita Çrngga lancana Digwijayottunggadewa''. He uses [[cangkha]] (winged shell) on crescent moon as royal seal.

The last king of Kediri was Kertajaya (reign 1200 - 1222). His royal seal was Garudamukha, the same as Airlangga's. On 1222 he was forced to surrender his throne to [[Ken Arok]] and lose the sovereign
ity of his kingdom to the new kingdom of [[Singhasari]]. This was the result of his defeat on the battle of Ganter. This event marked the end of Kediri era, and the beginning of [[Singhasari]] era.

== Srivijaya and Kediri ==
(contracted; show full) or an island in Nusa Tenggara), Tan-jung-wu-lo (Tanjungpura in Borneo), Ti-wu (Timor), Pingya-i (Banggai in Sulawesi), and Wu-nu-ku (Maluku). <ref>{{cite book | author= Drs. R. Soekmono,| title= ''Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2'', 2nd ed. | publisher = Penerbit Kanisius | date= 1973, 5th reprint edition in 1988 | location =Yogyakarta| pages =page 60 }} </ref>. 

About Srivijaya, Chou-Ju-Kua reported that Kien-pi (Kampe, in northern sumatra) with armed forced rebel
lion has liberated themself from Srivijaya, thus has coronated their own king. The same fate goes to some Srivijaya's colonies at malay peninsula that liberated themself from Srivijaya domination. However Srivijaya still the mightiest and wealthiest state in western part of archipelago. Srivijaya's colony are: Pong-fong (Pahang), Tong-ya-nong (Trengganu), Ling-ya-ssi-kia (Lengkasuka), Kilan-tan (Kelantan), Fo-lo-an (?), Ji-lo-t'ing (Jelutong), Ts'ien-mai (?), Pa-t'a (Batak), Tan-ma-ling (Tambralingga, Ligor), Kia-lo-hi (Grahi, northen part of malay peninsula), Pa-lin-fong (Palembang), Sin-t'o (Sunda), Lan-wu-li (Lamuri at Aceh), Si-lan (Sailan?). According to this source in early 13th century Srivijaya still ruled Sumatra, Malay peninsula, and western Java (Sunda). About Sunda the book describe it further that the port of Sunda (Sunda Kalapa) is really good and strategic, [[pepper]] from Sunda is among the best quality. People work on agriculture and their house are build on wooden piles (rumah panggung). However the country was invested by robbers and thieves. In sum, this cChinese source from early 13th century suggested that the [[Indonesian archipelago]] was ruled by two great kingdom, western part was under Srivijaya's rule, while eastern part was under Kediri domination.

== Culture ==
(contracted; show full)llow cutted stones. Agriculture, animal farming, and trading flourished and gain full attention from government. He reported that [[silkworm]] farm to produce [[silk]] and [[cotton]] clothes production are already adopted by Javanese. There's no physical punishment (jail or torture) for criminals. The people who committed unlawful act was forced to pay fines in gold, except for thieves and robbers who straightly punished with death sentence. In marital customs, the bride's family received some am
mount of gold as the [[bride price]] from the groom's family. [[Currency]] of Kediri was native [[silver]] [[coins]]. Instead of developing medical treatment, people who were sick was praying for health to gods or [[buddha]].

On the fifth month of the year the water festival was celebrated, people travel in boats on the river to celebrate the festival. On the 10th months, the annual festival was held at the mountain area. People gather there to have fun and perform musical festival with instruments such as [[flutes]], [[drum]]s, and wooden [[xylophone]] (ancient form of [[gamelan]]).

Still according to Chinese account, the King was wearing [[silk]] garments, wearing [[leather]] [[shoes]] and ornately golden jewelry. The king's hairstyle was arranged up high. Everyday he received state officials whom managing his kingdom. The shape of king's throne was square. After the audiency, the states official will bow three times to the king. If the king travel outside the palace, he ride an [[elephant]], accompanied by 500 to 700 soldiers and officials, while his subjects, the people of Kediri [[prostrate]] along the sideways until the king passed the road.

== Economy ==
Initially Kediri economy was mainly rely on [[agriculture]], especially [[rice]] cultivation. Daha, the capital city of Kediri (suggested at the same site as modern [[Kediri, East Java  |Kediri ]]) is located inland, near the fertile [[Brantas]] river valley. From the predecessor kingdom of Airlangga's Kahuripan, Kediri inherited irrigation systems, including Wringin Sapta dam. According to cChinese source the main occupation of Kediri people is agriculture (rice cultivation), animal farming ([[cattle]], [[boar]], [[poultry]]), and trading. Kediri economy was partly monetized, and silver coins currency of Kediri was issued by the royal court.

On later period, Kediri economy grow to also rely on trading aspect, especially spice trade. Kediri manage to have navy fleet unit, thus gave them opportunity to control spice trade routes to eastern islands. Kediri collected spices from tributaries in southern [[Kalimantan]] and the [[Maluku Islands]], known to the West as the [[Spice Islands]] or [[Moluccas]]. [[India]]n and [[Southeast Asia]]n merchants among others then transported the spices to [[Mediterranean]] and [[China|Chinese]] [[market]]s by way of the [[Spice Route]] that linked a chain of ports from the [[Indian Ocean]] to southern China.

==The Rulers of Kediri==
* Unknown ruler 1042 - 1104 (the era of twin kingdoms: Janggala and Kediri)
* [[Çri Jayawarşa Digjaya Çāstaprabhu]] 1104 - 1115
* [[Kameçwara]] 1115 - 1130
* [[Jayabhaya]] 1130 - 1160
* [[Sarwweçwara]] 1160 - 1170
* [[Aryyeçwara]] 1170 - 1180
* [[king Gandra| Gandra]] 1180 - 1190
* [[Çrngga]] 1190 - 1200
* [[Kertajaya]] 1200 - 1222

== References ==
===General===
* Soekmono, R, Drs., ''Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2'', 2nd ed. Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta, 1973, 5th reprint edition in 1988

===Notes===
{{reflist|2}}

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[[Category:Indianized kingdoms]]
[[Category:History of Java]]
[[Category:Pre-colonial States of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Historical Hindu kingdoms]]

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[[id:Kerajaan Kadiri]]
[[jv:Karajan Pangjalu]]
[[ms:Kediri]]
[[ja:クディリ王国]]