Difference between revisions 119849532 and 119849533 on dewiki

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2012}}⏎
{{Coord|15|30|34|N|121|02|40|E|region:PH_type:landmark|display=title}}
{{Infobox Military Conflict
|conflict=Raid at Cabanatuan
|image=[[File:POWs celebrate.jpg|300px|alt=A couple hundred men are all facing the camera, smiling and cheering. Many have their hands raised. The men are wearing uniforms, t-shirts, and shorts. Huts and trees can be seen in the background.]]
|caption=Former Cabanatuan POWs in celebration, January 30, 1945
|partof=World War II, [[Pacific War|Pacific theater]]
|date=January 30, 1945
|place=[[Cabanatuan City]], Nueva Ecija, Philippines
|result=Decisive [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] victory; liberation of 552 Allied prisoners of war
|combatant1={{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[United States]] <br /> {{flagicon|Philippines|1919}} [[Commonwealth of the Philippines|Philippine Commonwealth]]
|combatant2={{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} [[Empire of Japan]]
|commander1={{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[Henry Mucci]]<br />{{flagicon|United States|1912}} [[Robert Prince (Captain)|Robert Prince]]<br />{{flagicon|Philippines|1919}} [[Juan Pajota]]<br />{{flagicon|Philippines|1919}} [[Eduardo Joson]]
|commander2={{flagicon|Japan}} [[Tomoyuki Yamashita]]
(contracted; show full)ician fix their radios, he would steal parts, allowing the prisoners to have several radios to listen to newscasts of the war efforts outside the camp.<ref name="Breuer 74">{{harvnb|Breuer|1994|p=74}}</ref> One group of Corregidor prisoners, before first entering the camp, had each hidden a piece of a radio under their clothing, to later be reassembled into a working device.<ref name="Breuer 75">{{harvnb|Breuer|1994|p=75}}</ref> The radios were able to pick up a 
[[San Francisco]]-based radio station, allowing the POWs to hear about the status of war outside the gates of the prison.<ref name="Sides 160">{{harvnb|Sides|2001|p=160}}</ref><ref name="Wright 70">{{harvnb|Wright|2009|p=70}}</ref> A smuggled camera was used to document the camp's living conditions.<ref name="Bilek 125">{{harvnb|Bilek|2003|p=125}}</ref> Prisoners also constructed weapons and smuggled ammunition into the camp for the possibility of securi(contracted; show full)

[[File:Henry mucci.jpg|upright|thumb|left|alt=A standing man is smiling and staring off to his left. He has a smoke pipe in his mouth and is wearing a military uniform and hat.|Lt. Col. Henry Mucci]]
White gathered [[Lieutenant Colonel|Lt. Col.]] [[Henry Mucci]], leader of the [[6th Ranger Battalion]], and three lieutenants from the [[Alamo Scouts]]
&mdash;—the special [[reconnaissance]] unit attached to his Sixth Army&mdash;—for a briefing on the mission to raid Cabanatuan and rescue the POWs.<ref name="Breuer 1489"/> The group developed a plan to rescue the prisoners. Fourteen Scouts, made up of two teams, would leave 24&nbsp;hours ahead of the main force, to survey the camp.<ref name="Rottman 19">{{harvnb|Rottman|2009|p=19}}</ref> The main force would consist of 90&nbsp;Rangers from C Company and 30 from F Company who would march 30&nbsp;miles behind Japanese lines, surround t(contracted; show full)

In addition to the tired former prisoners and civilians, the majority of the Rangers had only slept for five to six hours over the past three days. The soldiers frequently had hallucinations or fell asleep as they marched. [[Benzedrine]] was distributed by the medics to keep the Rangers active during the long march. One Ranger commented on the effect of the drug: "It felt like your eyes were popped open. You couldn't have closed them if you wanted to. One pill was all I ever took
&mdash;—it was all I ever needed."<ref name="Sides 3067">{{harvnb|Sides|2001|pp=306–307}}</ref>

P-61 Black Widows again helped the group by patrolling the path they took on its way back to American lines. At 21:00, one of the aircraft destroyed five Japanese trucks and a tank located on a road {{convert|14|mi|km}} from Plateros that the group would later travel on.<ref name="Breuer 18890"/> The group was also met by hovering P-51 Mustangs that guarded them as they neared (contracted; show full)|-
| Canadian civilian||1
|-
| Filipino civilian||1
|-
| Total||522
|}
The raid was considered successful
&mdash;—489 POWs were liberated, along with 33 civilians. The total included 492&nbsp;Americans, 23&nbsp;British (including Edwin Rose), three&nbsp;Dutch, two&nbsp;Norwegians, one&nbsp;Canadian, and one&nbsp;Filipino.<ref name="Rottman 61"/> The rescue, along with the liberation of [[Camp O'Donnell]] the same day, allowed the prisoners to tell of the Bataan and Corregidor atrocities, which sparked a new wave of resolve for the war against Japan.<ref name="Zedrick(contracted; show full)

The American prisoners were quickly returned to the United States, most by plane. Those who were still sick or weakened remained at American hospitals to continue to recuperate. On February&nbsp;11, 1945, 280 POWs left Leyte aboard the transport USS ''General A.E. Anderson'' bound for 
[[San Francisco]] via Hollandia, [[New Guinea]].<ref name="Breuer 207">{{harvnb|Breuer|1994|p=207}}</ref> In an effort to counter the improved American morale, [[Tokyo Rose|Japanese propaganda radio announcers]] broadcast to American soldiers that submarines, ships, and planes were hunting the ''General Anderson''.<ref name="Sides 324">{{harvnb|Sides|2001|p=324}}</ref> The threats proved to be a bluff, and the ship safely arrived in [[San Francisco Bay]] on Mar(contracted; show full)x27;'[[Ghost Soldiers]]'', the 2005 [[John Dahl]] film ''[[The Great Raid]]'' focused on the raid intertwined with a love story.  Prince served as a consultant on the film, and believed it depicted the raid accurately.<ref name="SeattlePiRP"/><ref name="SeatNative"/> [[Marty Katz]] conveyed his interest in producing the film: "This [rescue] was a massive operation that had very little chance of success. It's like a Hollywood movie
&mdash;—it couldn't really happen, but it did. That was why we were attracted to the material."<ref name="DailyMost"/>

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=20em|refs=
<ref name="SeattlePiRP">{{cite news|last=Barber|first=Mike|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/local/237842_raid25.html|title=Leader of WWII's "Great Raid" looks back on real-life POW rescue|work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|date=August&nbsp;  25, 2005|accessdate=March&nbsp;  15, 2010|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5risK4xd9|archivedate=August&nbsp;  4, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="WarEthos">{{cite news|last=Pullen|first=Randy|title=Great Raid on Cabanatuan depicts Warrior Ethos|work=[[Fort Bliss|The Fort Bliss Monitor]]|url=http://www4.army.mil/ocpa/read.php?story_id_key=7723|date=August&nbsp;  18, 2005|accessdate=February&nbsp;  21, 2010|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080603130948/http://www4.army.mil/ocpa/read.php?story_id_key=7723|archivedate=June&nbsp;  3, 2008|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
<ref name="SeatNative">{{cite news|last=Hui Hsu|first=Judy Chia|title="The Great Raid" includes Seattle native who helped save POWs|work=[[The Seattle Times]]|url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20050820&slug=prince19|date=August&nbsp;  20, 2005|accessdate=June&nbsp;  20, 2010|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5risM7wKI|archivedate=August&nbsp;  4, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="DailyMost">{{cite news|last=Tariman|first=Pablo A.|title='Most Successful Rescue Mission in US History'|work=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PFc1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=hyUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1078,18045383&dq|publisher=[[Google News]]|date=February&nbsp;  9, 2005|accessdate=March&nbsp;  15, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="StTelegram">{{cite news|title=Visitor is Thrilled to Get Word Son Among Yanks Rescued From Cabanatuan|work=[[St. Petersburg Times]]|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wtsKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=x04DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6599,5923529&dq|publisher=[[Google News]]|date=February&nbsp;  6, 1945|accessdate=March&nbsp;  15, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="SanJoseNews">{{cite news|last=Reichmann|first=John A.|title=Massacre of Americans is Charged|work=[[San Jose Mercury News|San Jose News]]|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FCciAAAAIBAJ&sjid=CKQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2439,5620215&dq|publisher=[[Google News]]|date=September&nbsp;  4, 1945|accessdate=March&nbsp;  15, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="Eug52Years">{{cite news|agency=[[Associated Press]]|title=General MacArthur Had Remarkable Military Career...52 Years|work=[[The Register-Guard|Eugene Register-Guard]]|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SJgRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-uIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2707,1127487&dq|page=2|publisher=[[Google News]]|date=April&nbsp;  6, 1964|accessdate=March&nbsp;  15, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="LJLiberation">{{cite news|last=Goff|first=Marsha Henry|title=Rangers Played Heroic Role in Camp Liberation|work=[[Lawrence Journal-World]]|url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2006/may/23/rangers_played_heroic_role_camp_liberation/|date=May&nbsp;  23, 2006|accessdate=March&nbsp;  29, 2010|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5risMPgb7|archivedate=August&nbsp;  5, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="Reunite">{{cite news|last=Lessig|first=Hugh|title=Another storied WWII veteran passes on|publisher=Daily Press Publisher Group|url=http://www.dailypress.com/news/military/dp-nws-recon-0707-20110706,0,1304844.story|date=July&nbsp;  6, 2011|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5zzYZmPGM|archivedate=July&nbsp;  6, 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="Freed3700">{{cite news|last=McDaniel|first=C. Yates|title=3,700 Internees, Mostly Americans, Freed From Camp in Heart of Manila|work=[[The Blade (newspaper)|Toledo Blade]]|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0u0iAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xP8DAAAAIBAJ&dq=santo%20tomas%20internment%20camp%20rescue&pg=4031%2C419436|date=February&nbsp;  5, 1945|accessdate=July&nbsp;  26, 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="NYTCut">{{cite news|last=Parrott|first=Lindesay|title=Japanese Cut Off|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30F12FF345C1B7B93C4A91789D85F418485F9|format=Fee required|date=February&nbsp;  6, 1945|accessdate=July&nbsp;  26, 2011}}</ref>
}}

== References ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book|last=Alexander|first=Larry|title=Shadows in the Jungle: The Alamo Scouts Behind Japanese Lines in World War II|publisher=[[Penguin Group]]|year=2009|isbn=0-451-22593-7|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Bilek|first=Tony|coauthor=Gene O'Connell|title=No Uncle Sam: The Forgotten of Bataan|publisher=[[Kent State University Press#University Press|The Kent State University Press]]|location=[[Kent, Ohio]]|year=2003|isbn=0-87338-768-6|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Black|first=Robert W.|title=Rangers in World War II|publisher=[[Random House]]|year=1992|isbn=0-8041-0565-0|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Breuer|first=William B.|title=The Great Raid on Cabanatuan|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|location=New York|year=1994|isbn=0-471-03742-7|ref=harv}}
(contracted; show full)
* {{cite book|last=O'Donnell|first=Patrick K.|title=Into the Rising Sun: In Their Own Words, World War II's Pacific Veterans Reveal the Heart of Combat|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|year=2003|isbn=0-7432-1481-1|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Parkinson|first=James W.|coauthor=Lee Benson|title=Soldier Slaves: Abandoned by the White House, Courts, and Congress|publisher=[[United States Naval Institute|Naval Institute Press]]|location=
[[Annapolis, Maryland]]|year=2006|isbn=1-59114-204-0|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Rottman|first=Gordon|title=The Cabanatuan Prison Raid – The Philippines 1945|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]]; Osprey Raid Series #3|year=2009|isbn=1-84603-399-3|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Sides|first=Hampton|title=[[Ghost Soldiers]]: The Forgotten Epic Story of World War II's Most Dramatic Mission|publisher=[[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]|location=New York|year=2001|isbn=0-385-49564-1|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Waterford|first=Van|title=Prisoners of the Japanese in World War II|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|location=[[Jefferson, North Carolina]]|year=1994|isbn=0-89950-893-6|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Wodnik|first=Bob|title=Captured Honor|publisher=[[Washington State University Press]]|location=[[Pullman, Washington]]|year=2003|isbn=0-87422-260-5|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Wright|first=John M.|title=Captured on Corregidor: Diary of an American P.O.W. in World War II|publisher=[[McFarland & Company|McFarland]]|year=2009|isbn=0-7864-4251-4|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Zedric|first=Lance Q.|title=Silent Warriors of World War II: The Alamo Scouts Behind Japanese Lines|publisher=Pathfinder Publishing of California|location=[[Ventura, California]]|year=1995|isbn=0-934793-56-5|ref=harv}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons cat|Raid at Cabanatuan}}
* [http://www.abmc.gov/memorials/memorials/cb.php Cabanatuan American Memorial]
* [http://www.alamoscouts.org Alamo Scouts Website]
* [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&safe=off&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=cabanatuan+%28POW+OR+POWs+OR+survivor+OR+survivors%29+source%3ALIFE ''LIFE''{{'}}s unpublished photos of the aftermath of the raid]
* [http://www.us-japandialogueonpows.org/index.htm U.S.&mdash;—Japanese Dialogue on POWs]
*[http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/165360-1/Hampton+Sides.aspx ''Booknotes'' interview with Hampton Sides on ''Ghost Soldiers: The Forgotten Epic Story of World War II's Most Dramatic Mission'', September 30, 2001.]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cabanatuan, Raid at}}
{{featured article}}
[[Category:Conflicts in 1945]]
[[Category:1945 in the Philippines]]
[[Category:World War II operations and battles of the Southeast Asia Theatre]]
[[Category:Military history of the Philippines during World War II]]
[[Category:Nueva Ecija]]
[[Category:United States Army Rangers]]
[[Category:Japanese prisoner of war and internment camps]]
[[Category:Bataan Death March]]
[[Category:Battles of World War II involving Japan]]
[[Category:Battles of World War II involving the United States]]
[[Category:Military raids]]

[[ar:اقتحام كاباناتوان]]
[[es:El gran rescate]]
[[fr:Raid de Cabanatuan]]
[[ru:Рейд на Кабанатуан]]
[[vi:Cuộc đột kích Cabanatuan]]
[[zh:卡巴那图营救]]
[[he:הפשיטה על מחנה השבויים בקבנטואן]]