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Benutzer:CherryX/Sandbox/Slot 6
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2012}}
{{Coord|15|30|34|N|121|02|40|E|region:PH_type:landmark|display=title}}
{{Infobox Mmilitary Cconflict
|conflict=Raid at Cabanatuan
|image=[[File:POWs celebrate.jpg|300px|alt=A couple hundred men are all facing the camera, smiling and cheering. Many have their hands raised. The men are wearing uniforms, t-shirts, and shorts. Huts and trees can be seen in the background.]]
|caption=Former Cabanatuan City POWs in celebration, January&nbsp;30, 1945
|partof=World War II, [[Pacific War|Pacific theater]]
|date=January&nbsp;30, 1945
|place=[[Cabanatuan City]], [[Nueva Ecija]], Philippines
(contracted; show full)their fight against the [[Axis powers]]. American forces led by General [[Douglas MacArthur]], already stationed in the Philippines as a deterrent against a Japanese invasion of the islands, were [[Philippines Campaign (1941–1942)|attacked by the Japanese]] hours after Pearl Harbor. On March&nbsp;12, 1942, General MacArthur and a few select officers, on the orders of President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], left the American forces, promising to return with reinforcements. The 72,000 soldiers of the USAFFE
,<ref>United States Armed Forces in the Far East, composed of the highly-trained U.S. Army Philippine Scouts and the inadequately-trained Philippine Army</ref>, fighting with outdated weapons, lacking supplies, and stricken with disease and malnourishment, eventually surrendered to the Japanese on April 9, 1942.<ref name="Breuer 31">{{harvnb|Breuer|1994|p=31}}</ref>

The Japanese had initially planned for only 10,000&ndash;25,000&nbsp;American and Filipino prisoners of war (POWs). Although they had organized two&nbsp;hospitals, ample food, and guards for this estimate, they were overwhelmed with over 72,000&nbsp;prisoners.<ref name="Breuer 31">{{harvnb|Breuer|1994|p=31}}</ref/><ref name="McRaven 245">{{harvnb|McRaven|1995|p=245}}</ref> By the end of the 60-mile (97-km) march, only 52,000&nbsp;prisoners (approximately 9,200&nbsp;American and 42,800&nbsp;Filipino) reached [[Camp O'Donnell]], with an estimated 20,000 having died from illness, hunger, torture, or murder.<ref name="McRaven 245"/><ref name="Shoot24:52">{{Cite episode|title=WWII: Raid on the Bataan Death Camp|series=Shootout!|serieslink=Shootout!(contracted; show full)an American [[United States Department of Agriculture|Department of Agriculture]] station and then a training camp for the Filipino army.<ref name="McRaven 247">{{harvnb|McRaven|1995|p=247}}</ref> When the Japanese invaded the Philippines, they used the camp to house American POWs. It was one of three camps in the Cabanatuan area and was designated for holding sick detainees.<ref name="Waterford 252">{{harvnb|Waterford|1994|p=252}}</ref><ref name="Carson 
379">{{harvnb|Carson|1997|p=37}}</ref> Occupying more than {{convert|25|acres|km2}}, the rectangular-shaped camp was {{convert|800|yd|m}} deep by {{convert|600|yd|m}} across, divided by a road that ran through its center.<ref name="Alexander 231">{{harvnb|Alexander|2009|p=231}}</ref><ref name="Sides 169"/><ref name="Shoot3303">{{Cite episode|title=WWII: Raid on the Bataan Death Camp|series=Shootout!|serieslink=Shootout!|network=[[History (U.S. TV channel)|History Channel]]|airdate=December&nbsp;1, 2006|season=2|number=5|minutes=33:03}}</ref> One side of the camp housed Japanese guards, while the other included [[bamboo]] barracks for the prisoners as well as a section for a hospital.<ref name="Carson 79">{{harvnb|Carson|1997|p=37}}</ref/> Nicknamed the "Zero Ward", the hospital housed the sickliest prisoners as they waited to die from diseases such as [[dysentery]] and [[malaria]].<ref name="Wodnik 39">{{harvnb|Wodnik|2003|p=39}}</ref><ref name="Carson 62">{{harvnb|Carson|1997|p=62}}</ref> Eight-foot (2.4-m) high [[barbed wire]] fences surrounded the camp, in addition to multiple [[Bunker#Pillbox|pillbox bunkers]] and four-story guard towers.<ref name="Rottman 26">{{h(contracted; show full)mmy Fisher and his medics each carried pistols and carbines.<ref name="Breuer 158"/><ref name="Sides 73"/> To maintain a link between the raiding group and Army Command, a radio outpost was established outside of Guimba. The force had two&nbsp;radios, but their use was only approved in asking for aircraft support if they ran into large Japanese forces or if there were last-minute changes to the raid (as well as calling off [[friendly fire]] by American aircraft).<ref 
name="Rottman 19"/><ref name="Breuer 158">{{harvnb|Breuer|1994|p=158}}</ref><ref name="Rottman 19"/>

== Behind enemy lines ==
[[File:RangersGuerillasBehindEnemyLinesRaidCabanatuanJan301945.ogv|alt=Video of American soldiers and Filipino guerrillas walking in a line through water carrying guns.|thumb|right|The Rangers, Scouts, and guerrillas trekked through diverse terrain and crossed several rivers on their way to the prison camp]]
(contracted; show full)ot;Sides 2689"/> When the Rangers yelled to the POWs to come out and be rescued, many of the POWs feared that it was the Japanese attempting to trick them into being killed.<ref name="Breuer 178">{{harvnb|Breuer|1994|p=178}}</ref> Also, a substantial number resisted because the Rangers' weapons and uniforms looked nothing like those of a few years earlier, for example, the Rangers wore caps, earlier soldiers had M1917 Helmets and incidentally, the Japanese also wore caps.
.<ref name="Sides 275">{{harvnb|Sides|2001|p=275}}</ref><ref name="Shoot4144">{{Cite episode|title=WWII: Raid on the Bataan Death Camp|series=Shootout!|serieslink=Shootout!|network=[[History (U.S. TV channel)|History Channel]]|airdate=December&nbsp;1, 2006|season=2|number=5|minutes=41:44}}</ref> The Rangers were challenged by the POWs and asked who they were and where they were from. Rangers sometimes had to resort to physical force to remove the detainees, thr(contracted; show full)s=34:56}}</ref> The bomb detonated at the designated time, and although it did not destroy the bridge, it formed a large hole over which tanks and other vehicles could not pass.<ref name="Breuer 184">{{harvnb|Breuer|1994|p=184}}</ref><ref name="Sides 292">{{harvnb|Sides|2001|p=292}}</ref> Waves of Japanese troops rushed the bridge, but the V-shaped [[choke point]] created by the Filipino guerrillas repulsed each attack.<ref name="Alexander 248"
>{{harvnb|Alexander|2009|p=248}}</ref/> One&nbsp;guerrilla, who had been trained to use the bazooka only a few hours earlier by the Rangers, destroyed or disabled four tanks that were hiding behind a clump of trees.<ref name="Sides 293">{{harvnb|Sides|2001|p=293}}</ref> A group of Japanese soldiers made an effort to flank the ambush position by crossing the river away from the bridge, but the guerrillas spotted and eliminated them.<ref name="Sides 293"/>

(contracted; show full)54">{{harvnb|Rottman|2009|p=54}}</ref> After a headcount, it was discovered that POW Edwin Rose, a deaf British soldier, was missing.<ref name="Sides 300">{{harvnb|Sides|2001|p=300}}</ref> Mucci dictated that none of the Rangers could be spared to search for him, so he sent several guerrillas to do so in the morning.<ref name="Sides 300"/> It was later learned that Rose had fallen asleep in the latrine before the attack.<ref name="Breuer 184"
>{{harvnb|Breuer|1994|p=184}}</ref/> Rose woke early the next morning, and realized the other prisoners were gone and that he was left behind. Nevertheless, he took the time to shave and put on his best clothes that he had been saving for the day he would be rescued. He walked out of the prison camp, thinking that he would soon be found and led to freedom. Sure enough, Rose was found by passing guerrillas.<ref name="Breuer 1945"/><ref name="Sides 327">{{harvnb|Sides|2001|p=327}}</ref> Arrangements wer(contracted; show full)es Congress]] created legislation which provided $1 (${{Inflation|US|1|1948|r=2}} in 2011) for each day the POWs had been held in a prisoner camp, including Cabanatuan.<ref name="Breuer 211"/> Two&nbsp;years later, Congress again approved an additional $1.50 per day (a combined total of ${{Inflation|US|2.50|1950|r=2}} in 2011).<ref name="Breuer 211"/>

Estimates of the Japanese soldiers killed during the assault ranged from 530 to 1,000.<ref name="Sides 326"
>{{harvnb|Sides|2001|p=326}}</ref/><ref name="Zedrick 199"/> The estimates include the 73 guards and approximately 150 traveling Japanese who stayed in the camp that night, as well as those killed by Pajota's men attempting to cross the Cabu River.<ref name="King 61"/><ref name="McRaven 249">{{harvnb|McRaven|1995|p=249}}</ref><ref name="Kelly 33">{{harvnb|Kelly|1997|p=33}}</ref> Several Americans died during and after the raid. A prisoner weakened by illness(contracted; show full)}</ref> His last words were "Good luck on the way out."<ref name="Alexander 253">{{harvnb|Alexander|2009|p=253}}</ref> The other Ranger killed during the raid was Sweezy, who was struck in the back by two rounds from friendly fire. Both Fisher and Sweezy are buried at [[Manila American Cemetery and Memorial|Manila National Cemetery]]. Twenty of Pajota's guerrillas were injured, as were two&nbsp;Scouts and two&nbsp;Rangers.<ref name="Sides 326"
>{{harvnb|Sides|2001|p=326}}</ref/><ref name="Zedrick 199"/>
[[File:AlamoScoutsRaidCabanatuanFeb1945.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Black-and-white image of ten men in two rows, the top row standing and the bottom row crouching, are all facing the camera. They are wearing military attire and are holding rifles.|Alamo Scouts after the raid]]

(contracted; show full)wined with a love story.  Prince served as a consultant on the film, and believed it depicted the raid accurately.<ref name="SeattlePiRP"/><ref name="SeatNative"/> [[Marty Katz]] conveyed his interest in producing the film: "This [rescue] was a massive operation that had very little chance of success. It's like a Hollywood movie—it couldn't really happen, but it did. That was why we were attracted to the material."<ref name="DailyMost"/>


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<gallery>
File:Cabanatuanraid3334jf.JPG|Camp Pangatian Memorial Shrine (Raid at Cabanatuan City, maintained by the [[American Battle Monuments Commission]])
File:Cabanatuanraidjf.JPG|The Park Memorial beside the Main Monument and Sundial Museum
File:Cabanatuansundialjf.JPG|"Hour of the Great Rescue" Sundial Monument and Museum
File:Raidcabanatuanjf232.JPG|Green entrance to the Memorial with mango trees
File:Parkraidjf.JPG|The interior of the Park
File:Raidmemorialjf222s.JPG|The names of the War Heroes in marble I
File:Raidmemorialjf.JPG|The names of the War Heroes in marble II
File:Raidgreensjf.JPG|Another view of the green entrance to the Memorial 
</gallery>

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== Notes ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=20em|refs=
<ref name="SeattlePiRP">{{cite news|last=Barber|first=Mike|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/local/237842_raid25.html|title=Leader of WWII's "Great Raid" looks back on real-life POW rescue|work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|date=August 25, 2005|accessdate=March 15, 2010|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5risK4xd9|archivedate=August 4, 2010}}</ref>
(contracted; show full)
* {{cite book|last=Wright|first=John M.|title=Captured on Corregidor: Diary of an American P.O.W. in World War II|publisher=[[McFarland & Company|McFarland]]|year=2009|isbn=0-7864-4251-4|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Zedric|first=Lance Q.|title=Silent Warriors of World War II: The Alamo Scouts Behind Japanese Lines|publisher=Pathfinder Publishing of California|location=Ventura, California|year=1995|isbn=0-934793-56-5|ref=harv}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons cat
egory|Raid at Cabanatuan}}
* [http://www.abmc.gov/memorials/memorials/cb.php Cabanatuan American Memorial]
* [http://www.alamoscouts.org Alamo Scouts Website]
* [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&safe=off&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=cabanatuan+%28POW+OR+POWs+OR+survivor+OR+survivors%29+source%3ALIFE ''LIFE''{{'}}s unpublished photos of the aftermath of the raid]
* [http://www.us-japandialogueonpows.org/index.htm U.S.—Japanese Dialogue on POWs]
*[http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/165360-1/Hampton+Sides.aspx ''Booknotes'' interview with Hampton Sides on ''Ghost Soldiers: The Forgotten Epic Story of World War II's Most Dramatic Mission'', September 30, 2001.]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Cabanatuan, Raid at}}
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[[Category:Conflicts in 1945]]
[[Category:1945 in the Philippines]]
[[Category:World War II operations and battles of the Southeast Asia Theatre]]
[[Category:Military history of the Philippines during World War II]]
[[Category:Nueva Ecija]]
[[Category:United States Army Rangers]]
[[Category:Japanese prisoner of war and internment camps]]
[[Category:Bataan Death March]]
[[Category:Battles of World War II involving Japan]]
[[Category:Battles of World War II involving the United States]]
[[Category:Military raids]]
[[Category:POW escapes and rescues during World War II]]

[[ar:اقتحام كاباناتوان]]
[[es:El gran rescate]]
[[fr:Raid de Cabanatuan]]
[[he:הפשיטה על מחנה השבויים בקבנטואן]]⏎
[[ru:Рейд на Кабанатуан]]
[[vi:Cuộc đột kích Cabanatuan]]
[[zh:卡巴那图营救]]⏎
[[he:הפשיטה על מחנה השבויים בקבנטואן]]