Difference between revisions 119949178 and 119952473 on dewiki

{{Importartikel}}
{{Infobox person
|birth_name        = Bernadine Ohrnstein 
|image             = Bernardine Dohrn NLN cropped.jpg
|image_size        =
|caption           = Dohrn at 2007 reunion of SDS
|birth_date        = {{birth date and age|1942|1|12}}
|birth_place       = [[Milwaukee]], [[Wisconsin]], [[U.S.]]
(contracted; show full)auf das Capitol in Washington, den Pentagon und einige Polizeiwachen in New York bekannte. Als Mitglied des Weather Underground verlas Dohrn eine "Kriegserklärung" gegenüber der US-Regierung. Das FBI setzte sie auf die Liste der zehn meistgesuchten Personen, wo ihr Name noch drei weitere Jahre stehen blieb. Heute lehrt sie an der Northwestern University und ist mit Bill Ayers verheiratet, einem Mitbegründer des Weather Underground und ehemaligem Professor der University of Illinois in Chicago. 


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is an Associate Professor of Law at Northwestern University School of Law and the immediate past Director of Northwestern's [[Northwestern University School of Law#Children and Family Justice Center|Children and Family Justice Center]]. Dohrn was a leader of the [[Weather Underground]], a group that was responsible for the bombing of the United States Capitol, the Pentagon, and several police stations in New York.  As a member of the Weather Underground, Dohrn read a "Declaration of a State of War(contracted; show full) [[University of Chicago Law School]] in 1967.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.northwestern.edu/faculty/clinic/dohrn/dohrn.html |title=Bernardine Dohrn, Bluhm Legal Clinic, Faculty Profiles, Faculty & Research, School of Law, Northwestern University |publisher=Law.northwestern.edu |date= |accessdate=2010-11-06}}</ref>  She moved to New York to work for the [[National Lawyers Guild]] in 1967.

==Frühe Radikalisierungsphase==
Dohrn wurde in den späten 1960er Jahren eine der Leiterinnen der 
[[Revolutionary Youth Movement]] (RYM), einems radikalen Flügels der [[Students for a Democratic Society]] (SDS). Dohrn und zehn andere SDS-Mitglieder, die der RYM angehörten, veröffentlichten am [[18. Juni  ]] [[1969]] das aus 16.000 Wörtern bestehende Manifest "You Don't Need a Weatherman to Know Which Way the Wind Blows" (deutsch: "Du brauchst keinen Wettermann, um zu wissen, wie der Wind weht" in der SDS-Zeitung ''New Left Notes''. Der Titel stammt aus dem Bob Dylan-Song [[Subterranean Homesick Blues|''Subterranean Homesick Blues'']]."<ref name="autogenerated49">Kolbert, Elizabeth, "The Prisoner," ''The New Yorker Magazine,'' July 16, 2001, page 49.</ref> Im Manifest wird erklärt, das revolutionäre Ziel bestehe darin, den US-Imperialismus zu zerstören, eine klassenlose Welt und damit den Weltkommunismus zu erreichen. <ref>"You Don't Need a Weatherman to Know Which Way the Wind Blows", page 2, PDF found at http://www.archive.org/details/YouDontNeedAWeathermanToKnowWhichWayTheWindBlows_925</ref> 

Das Manifest endet mit dem Satz: "Die Revolutionary Youth Movement muss die effektive Organisation werden, die wir brauchen, um zu überleben und um ein neues Schlachtfeld der Revolution zu schaffen. Revolution ist Krieg, und wenn die Bewegung in diesem Land sich militärisch gegen die totale Unterdrückung wehren kann - dann wird dies Teil des revolutionären Krieges sein und eine Kaderorganisation, strikte Geheimhaltung und das absolute Vertrauen der Kader untereinander erfordern." <ref>"You Don't Need a Weatherman to Know Which Way the Wind Blows", page 27, PDF found at http://www.archive.org/details/YouDontNeedAWeathermanToKnowWhichWayTheWindBlows_925</ref> 

Im Manifest wird außerdem erklärgesagt, die Afro-Amerikaner seien eine "schwarze Kolonie" unter einer US-Regierung, die dazu verdammt sei, sich selbst zu überfordern. , und die RYM werde gebraucht, um diesen Prozess zu beschleunigen. Dohrn schrieb: "Das Beste, was wir für uns und auch für die Black Panthers und den revolutionären schwarzen Befreiungskampf  tun können, ist, eine verdammte weiße revolutionäre Bewegung zu gründen."  

Vom [[18. Juni|18.]] bis [[22. Juni]] [[1969]] fand die neunte Jahreskonferenz der SDS statt, es kam zu einem von der Revolutionary Youth angeführten Aufstand, unter dem der SDS zusammenbrach. Bald danach wurde die Revolutionary Youth Movement unter dem Namen "Weatherman" bekannt. Dohrn leitete während des SDS-Streits das Weatherman-Lager und blieb auch danach eine der führenden Personen.  ⏎
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[[File:Young Dohrn profile sketch.jpg|thumb|Sketch and photograph of Dohrn (c. 1960s)]]
Dohrn became one of the leaders of the [[Revolutionary Youth Movement]] (RYM), a radical wing of [[../Benutzer:Siesta/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society_(1960_organization)|Students for a Democratic Society]] (SDS), in the late 1960s. Dohrn with ten other SDS members associated with the RYM issued, on June 18, 1969, a sixteen-thousand-word manifesto entitled, "You Don't Need a Weatherman to Know Which Way the Wind Blows" in ''New Left Notes''.  The title came from [[Bob Dylan]]'s song, "[[Subterranean Homesick Blues]]."<ref name="autogenerated49">Kolbert, Eli(contracted; show full)ny" within a U.S. government that was doomed to overextend itself.  And the RYM was needed to quicken this process. Dohrn said, "The best thing that we can be doing for ourselves, as well as for the [Black] Panthers and the revolutionary black liberation struggle, is to build a fucking white revolutionary movement."<ref name="autogenerated49"/>  

The ninth annual national SDS conference was held at the Coliseum in Chicago on June 18–22, 1969, and the SDS collapsed in a [[../
../Students_for_a_Democratic_Society_(1960_organization)#Climax_and_disintegration:_1968–1969|Revolutionary Youth Movement-led upheaval]]. Soon after the Revolutionary Youth Movement became known as the [[Weather Underground|Weatherman]].

Dohrn led the Weatherman faction in the SDS fight and continued to be a leader afterward.<ref>Chepesiuk, Ron, "Sixties Radicals, Then and Now: Candid Conversations With Those Who Shaped the Era", McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers: Jefferson, North Carolina, 1995, "Chapter 15: Bernardine Dohrn: From Revolutionary to Children's Rights Advocate",  pages 223 and 224: "Dohrn, a leader of the Weather Underground" (p 223); "she then proceeded to lead the faction in the takeover of the organization's headquarters and the seizure of its assets"</ref><ref name="plm102581">Montgomery, Paul L., [http://select.nytimes.com/search/restricted/article?res=F4091EFA3B5D0C768EDDA90994D9484D81 "Last of Radical Leaders Eluded Police 11 Years"], article, ''The New York Times'', October 25, 1981. Retrieved June 8, 2008.</ref>

===Umstrittene Aussagen zu den Charles Manson-Morden===
Dohrn wurde für ihre Aussagen zu den Morden des [[Charles Manson]]-[[Charles Manson Family|Clans]] an der Schauspielerin [[Sharon Tate]] und an den Geschäftsbesitzern [[Leno LaBianca|Leno]] und [[Rosemary LaBianca]] kritisiert. Bei einem "Kriegsrats"-Treffen im Dezember 1969, das die Weatherman-Gruppe organisiert hatte, hielt Dohrn vor 400 Zuschauern in Flint, Michigan eine Rede, in der sie sagte: "Erst haben sie diese Schweine getötet und dann neben ihnen zu Abend gegessen. Sie haben sogar eine Gable in den Bauch von diesem Schwein Tate gesteckt - heftig!" Die Delegierten des Treffens begrüßten sich mit gespreizten Fingern, die eine Gabel symbolisieren sollten. 

[[Bill Ayers]], Dohms Ehemann, schrieb 2008, seine Frau habe ihre Kommentare über die Manson-Morde ironisch gemeint. Er habe immer geglaubt, Dohrns Aussage sei eigentlich eher als politisches Statement gemeint gewesen, "agitiert und entbrannt, rhetorisch völlig übertrieben, zum Teil witzig gemeint, vielleicht dumm und geschmacklos - aber trotzdem immer noch ein Witz!" Auch [[Hunter S. Thompson]] und [[Richard Pryor]] hätten schon ähnliche Witze gemacht. Er sagte auch, er sei bei Interviews anwesend gewesen, in denen Dohrn versucht hätte, ihre Aussage in den richtigen Zusammenhang zu setzen, aber die Reporter hätten ihre Aussagen unterschlagen. ⏎
===Controversial statements about Tate-LaBianca murders===
Dohrn was criticized for comments she made about the murders of actress [[Sharon Tate]] and retail store owners [[Leno and Rosemary LaBianca]] by the [[Charles Manson]] clan. In a speech during the December 1969 "War Council" meeting organized by the Weathermen, attended by about 400 people in [[Flint, Michigan]], Dohrn said, "First they killed those pigs, then they ate dinner in the same room with them, then they even shoved a fork i(contracted; show full)x27;s statement was intended to make a political point, "agitated and inflamed and full of rhetorical overkill, and partly as a joke, stupid perhaps, tasteless, but a joke nonetheless", and similar (he said) to jokes about Charles Manson that were being made by [[Hunter S. Thompson]] and [[Richard Pryor]]. Ayers said he had been present at interviews with reporters in which Dohrn had tried to put her statement in context but the reporters had dismissed her explanation.<ref name=bablog/>

==
Life and the Weather Underground==
===1959-1967===
Dohrn graduated from Whitefish Bay High School in June 1959.  She later attended Miami University from September 1959 to January 1961.  She then transferred to the University of Chicago and earned three degrees.  She got a Bachelors of Arts in June 1963 then a Masters in June 1964 and later a law degree in June 1967.  While attending law school, Dohrn began working with Martin Luther King, Jr. She was the first law student organizer for the National Lawyers Guild. She was organizing against the war in Vietnam and in conjunction with the Black Freedom Movement.  In 1967 Bernardine Dohrn was listed as the new student director of the National Lawyers Guild.<ref>Siegel, Bill et al, The Weather Underground, the American Historical Review, 2004.</ref>

===1968===⏎
 Biographie/Weather Underground==
===1959-1967===
Dohrn beendete im Juni 1959 die High School in Whitefish Bay. Von September 1959 bis Januar 1961 studierte sie an der Universität in Miami. Dann wechselte sie zur University of Chicago und erwarb drei Abschlüsse. Im Juni 1963 absolvierte sie den Bachelor of Arts und im Juni 1964 den Master, später noch einen Jura-Abschluss im Juni 1967. Während ihres Jura-Studiums begann Dohrn für [[Martin Luther King, jr.|Martin Luther King Junior]], zu arbeiten, den Sohn von [[Martin Luther King]]. Sie war die erste studentische Führungskraft der National Lawyers Guild. Außerdem organisierte sie Proteste gegen den Krieg in Vietnam und unterstützte die schwarze Befreiungsbewegung. 1967 wurde sie die neue studentische Chefin der National Lawyers Guild. 





graduated from Whitefish Bay High School in June 1959.  She later attended Miami University from September 1959 to January 1961.  She then transferred to the University of Chicago and earned three degrees.  She got a Bachelors of Arts in June 1963 then a Masters in June 1964 and later a law degree in June 1967.  While attending law school, Dohrn began working with Martin Luther King, Jr. She was the first law student organizer for the National Lawyers Guild. She was organizing against the war in Vietnam and in conjunction with the Black Freedom Movement.  In 1967 Bernardine Dohrn was listed as the new student director of the National Lawyers Guild.<ref>Siegel, Bill et al, The Weather Underground, the American Historical Review, 2004.</ref>

===1968===
Am 26. Mai 1968 verkündete Dohrn als Sprecherin der National Lawyers Guild, sie plane einen Antrag beim höchsten Gericht, dem Federal Court. Darin werde sie fordern, alle disziplinarischen Maßnahmen gegen studentische Aktivisten einzustellen und sämtliche Strafanklagen fallen zu lassen. Sie vertrat streikende und protestierende Studierende der Columbia University in New York. 

Am 14. Juni 1968 wurde Dohrn zur Organisationsübergreifenden Sekretärin der SDS gewählt. Nach ihrer Wahl wurde sie gefragt, ob sie eine Sozialistin sei. Ihre Antwort: "Ich sehe mich selbst als revolutionäre Kommunistin."

Vom 30. August bis zum 1. September 1968 besuchte Dohrn die Volksrepublik Jugoslawien. Nach ihrer Rückehr aus Europa mit einer Gruppe von US-Studentenführern, am 20. September 1968 sagte Dohrn, sie hätten sich in Budapest Repräsentanten aus Nord-Vietnam und Vertretern der Nationalen Befreiungsfront aus Süd-Vietnam getroffen, um über Friedensverhandlungen zu diskutieren. 

In der Nacht des 1. Oktobers 1968 sprach Dohrn auf einer Versammlung in Chicago und verurteilte das brutale Verhalten der Polizei während der Nationalen Versammlung der Demokratischen Partei. Vom 11. bis zum 13. Oktober veranstalteten die Students for a Democratic Society ein landesweites Treffen in der University of Colorado in Boulder. Dohrn trat als Rednerin auf und äußerte Bedenken wegen der neuen Mitglieder der Organisation. Sie sagte, sie wolle die Stoßrichtung der Bewegung kennen und wissen, wie viel Einsatz man erwarten könne. Am 11. Oktober 1968 schlug Dohrn vor, die Bewegung auf Nicht-Studierende auszuweiten und alles zu tun, um ihre Aufgabe "angreifen, bloßstellen, zerstören!" zu erfüllen. ⏎
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On May 26, 1968, as a speaker for the National Lawyers Guild, Dohrn said she was filing a motion in federal court asking for an injunction to halt any disciplinary action that was being taken against student activists and any of the criminal charges. She represented students from Columbia who were striking and protesting.

(contracted; show full)

On January 3, 1974, U.S. District Court Judge [[Julius Hoffman|Julius J. Hoffman]] dismissed a 4-year-old case against twelve members of the Weatherman faction of the [[Students for a Democratic Society]], which included Dohrn. She had been charged with leading the riotous "Days of Rage"<ref name="autogenerated2006"/>

==Later radical history==
{{further|List of Weatherman actions}}
A founder of the [[../
Benutzer:Siesta/Weatherman_(organization)|Weatherman group]], Dohrn was a member of the "Weather Bureau" (name later changed to "Central Committee"). [[Larry Grathwohl]], an FBI informant who was with the Weatherman from autumn 1969 through spring 1970, considered her one of the two top leaders of the organization, along with [[Bill Ayers]].<ref name=lgbda12>Grathwohl, Larry, and Frank, Reagan, ''Bringing Down America: An FBI Informant in with the Weathermen'', Arlington House,(contracted; show full)
Prior to the March 6, 1970 [[Greenwich Village townhouse explosion]], in which three members of the group were killed as a bomb was being constructed, all members of Weatherman went underground. The group then changed its name to [[../
Benutzer:Siesta/Weatherman_(organization)|Weather Underground]].

Dohrn went underground in early 1970, engaging in bombing activities.

===Role in policymaking, ideology and public statements for Weather Underground===
<div class="infobox sisterproject">
<div style="float: left;">[[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|50px|none|Wikisource]]</div>
<div style="margin-left: 60px;">[[Wikisource]] has original text related to this article:
<div style="margin-left: 10px;">'''''[[http://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Weather Underground Declaration of a State of War|Weather Underground Declaration of a State of War]]'''''</div>
</div>
</div>

Dohrn was a principal signatory on the group's "Declaration of a State of War"  in 1970 that formally declared "war" on the U.S. Government, and completed the group's transformation from political advocacy to violent action. Dohrn also co-wrote (with Bill Ayers) and published the subversive manifesto ''[[Weather Underground Organization#Prairie Fire 1974|Prairie Fire]]'' in 1974, and participated in the covertly filmed ''[[../Benutzer:Siesta/Underground_(documentary_film)|Underground]]'' in 1976. 

In late 1975, the Weather Underground put out an issue of a magazine, ''Osawatamie'', which carried an article by Dohrn, "Our Class Struggle", described as a speech given to the organization's cadres on September 2 of that year. In the article, Dohrn clearly stated support for [[Communism|communist]] ideology:<ref name=fbi74>[http://foia.fbi.gov/weather/weath1a.pdf "Weatherman Underground / Summ(contracted; show full)

After refusing to testify against ex-Weatherman [[Susan Rosenberg]] in an armed robbery case, she later served less than a year of jail time.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Shortly after turning themselves in, Dohrn and Ayers became legal guardians of [[Chesa Boudin]], the son of former members of the Weather Underground, [[Kathy Boudin]] and [[../
Benutzer:Siesta/David_Gilbert_(activist)|David Gilbert]], after the couple were convicted of murder for their roles in a 1981 [[../Benutzer:Siesta/Brinks_robbery_(1981)|armored car robbery]].<ref name="NY Times-James Barron 2003">NY Times -James Barron August 21, 2003 http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9802E4D81F30F932A1575BC0A9659C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all</ref>

==Later life and career==
(contracted; show full)

==See also==
*[[List of Weatherman actions]]
*[[Weatherman Member List]]
*''[[The Weather Underground]]'', documentary film
*''[[../
Benutzer:Siesta/Underground_(1976_film)|Underground]]'', documentary film

==References==
<references />

==External links==
{{Wikisource|Author:Bernardine Dohrn|lang = en}}
{{Commonscat}}
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[[Category:American communists]]
[[Category:Weather Underground]]
[[Category:Members of Students for a Democratic Society (1960 organization)]]
[[Category:Northwestern University faculty]]
[[Category:Terrorism in the United States]]
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