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'''Satanic ritual abuse''' ('''SRA''') refers to the [[sexual abuse]] of children or non-consenting adults in the context of [[Satanism|Satanic]] rituals.  The term '''sadistic ritual abuse''' is sometimes used or suggested as a more descriptive synonym that makes no assumption of whether actual "Satanism" is involved.<ref name = VOV(contracted; show full)

==SRA in the courts==

Early criminal trials in America and [[United Kingdom|Britain]] involving allegations of organised and ritualistic abuse were characterised by acquittals, hung juries, and successful appeals. The failure of these high-profile cases generated worldwide media attention, and came to play a central feature in the growing controversies over child abuse, memory and the law.
  <ref name="isbn0393702545 ">{{cite book |author=Hammond, D. Corydon; Brown, Daniel P.; Scheflin, Alan W. |title=Memory, trauma treatment, and the law |publisher=W.W. Norton |location=New York |year=1998 |pages= |isbn=0393702545 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref><ref name="isbn0745323316 ">{{cite book |author=Kitzinger, Jenny |title=Framing abuse: media influence and public understanding of sexual violence against children |publisher=Pluto |location= |year=2004 |pages= |isbn=074532331(contracted; show full)th the accused abuser whilst in court. Early efforts to address a young child's anxiety over confronting their accused abuser sometimes provided grounds for a successful appeal. For instance, the convictions of Cheryl and Violet Amirault for offenses relating to ritual child sexual abuse were successfully appealed on the basis that two complainant children, aged 5 and 8, were permitted to angle their chairs away from the defendants after expressing considerable fear at facing them directly <ref>
Weber, D. and{{cite news | last = Weber | first = D | coauthors = Donlan, A. "| title = Pair in day care molest case get 2nd trial", Boston Herald, [[30 August]] [[1995]], p 3 | publisher = [[Boston Herald]] | date = 1995-08-30| page = 3 | url = http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/access/20531100.html?dids=20531100:20531100&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+30%2C+1995&author=DAVID+WEBER+and+ANN+E.+DONLAN&pub=Boston+Herald&edition=&startpage=001&desc=Pair+in+day+care+molest+case+get+2nd+trial | accessdate = 2007-11-20}} (abstract)</ref>.

In the McMartin ritual abuse case, children as young as ten were subject to hostile cross-examination for over two weeks.  <ref>Flynn, G. "{{cite news | last = Flynn | first = G | title = Parents plead to spare molested kids new pain", | publisher = [[The San Diego Union-Tribune, [[1 March]] [[1985]], p]] | date = 1985-03-01 | pages = 1-4}}</ref> The harms caused to child witnesses in the McMartin case sparked a significant program of legislative reform to recognize the vulnerable and intimidated nature of complainant children in the justice system. It also catalyzed a broad agenda of research into the nature of children's testimony and the reliability of their oral evidence in court. The findings of this research is somewhat ambiguous, suggesting that neither children nor adults are immune to suggestive interviewing techniques, however, even extremely suggestive techniques do not inevitably lead to false reports  .<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ceci, S. J., S. Kulkofsky, J. Z. Klemfuss, C. D.J, Kulkofsky S, Klemfuss JZ, Sweeney and M.CD, Bruck (2007). "M |title=Unwarranted aAssumptions about cChildren's tTestimonial aAccuracy."  |journal=Annual Rreview of Cclinical Ppsychology 3: 311-28</ref>. Other research has demonstrated that children can accurately remember and report past experiences over long periods of time, however, this capacity is dependent on developmental differences linked to age <ref>Gordon, B. N., L. Baker-Ward and P. A. Ornstein (2000). "Children's testimony: A review of research on memory for past experiences." Clinical Child and Family Psychological Review 4(2): 157-81|volume=3 |issue= |pages=311–28 |year=2007 |pmid=17716058 |doi=10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091354}}</ref>.

==Dissociative Identity Disorder and SRA==

In the 1980s, children and adults with a life history of ritualistic abuse were presenting to healthcare providers with uncanny alterations to their consciousness, memories and identities. They were often unresponsive or resistant to forms of treatment that had proven effective with other survivors of child abuse <ref>Bloom, S. (1994). "Hearing the Survivor's Voice: Sundering the Wall of Denial." The Journal of Psychohistory 21(4): 461 - 77&(contracted; show full)[[Category:Mass hysteria]]

[[cs:Satanistické rituální zneužívání]]
[[lt:Satanistinių ritualų mitas]]
[[nl:Satanisch ritueel misbruik]]
[[ja:悪魔的儀式虐待]]
[[ru:Сатанинская паника]]
[[sv:Satanic ritual abuse]]