Difference between revisions 136784116 and 136784118 on dewiki

{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[Image:HMS Invincible (1907) British Battleship.jpg|300px|alt=A large grey warship with two tripod masts and three funnels]]
|Ship caption=An early photograph of ''Invincible'', before she lost her torpedo nets.
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
|Name=''Invincible''-class battlecruiser
|Builders=[[Armstrong Whitworth]], [[John Brown & Company]], [[Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company|Fairfield]]
|Operators={{navy|UK}}
|Class before={{sclass|Minotaur|cruiser (1906)|0}}
|Class after={{Sclass|Indefatigable|battlecruiser|0}}
|Cost=£1.7 m
|Built range=1906–1909
|In service range=1908–1921
|Total ships completed=3
|Total ships lost=1
|Total ships scrapped=2
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship type=[[Battlecruiser]]
|Ship displacement={{convert|17250|LT|MT|lk=on}} at load<br />{{convert|20420|LT|MT}} at deep load
|Ship length= {{convert|567|ft|m|abbr=on|1}} overall
|Ship beam={{convert|78.5|ft|m|abbr=on|1}}
|Ship draught={{convert|30|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} at deep load
|Ship propulsion=4 shafts, [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons]] direct-drive [[steam turbine]]s, 31 Babcock & Wilcox or Yarrow [[water-tube boiler]]s
|Ship speed= {{convert|25|kn|lk=oin}}
|Ship range= {{convert|3090|nmi|km|abbr=on|lk=oin}} at {{convert|10|kn}}
|Ship power={{convert|41000|shp|abbr=on|lk=oin}}
|Ship complement= 784
|Ship armament= 4 × 2 - [[BL 12 inch Mk X naval gun|BL {{convert|12|in|mm|sing=on|sigfig=3}} Mk X guns]]<br />
16 × 1 - [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk I - III|QF 4-inch (102&nbsp;mm) Mk III guns]]<br />
7 × 1 - [[Maxim gun]]s<br />
5 × 1 - submerged [[British 18 inch torpedo|18-inch (450&nbsp;mm) torpedo]] tubes
(contracted; show full)

==Design==
After Admiral Fisher was appointed [[First Sea Lord]] on 21 October 1904 he pushed through the [[Admiralty|Board of Admiralty]] in early December 1904 a decision to arm the next [[armoured cruiser]] with {{convert|12|in|0|adj=on}} guns and that it would have a speed no less than {{convert|25.5|kn|mph km/h|lk=
oin}}. Shortly afterwards he convened a "Committee on Designs" to investigate and report on requirements for future ships. While nominally independent it served to validate decisions already made and to deflect criticism of Fisher and the Board of Admiralty as it had no ability to consider options other than those already decided upon by the Admiralty. Fisher appointed all of the members of the Committee and himself as President of the Committee. During its last meeting on 22 February 1905 it decide(contracted; show full)

Sturdee's ships didn't sortie from the harbour until 9:50, but they could see the retreating German ships on the southwest horizon. The ''Invincible''s, fresh out of dry dock, had a {{convert|5|kn|mph km/h|lk=
oin}} advantage over Spee's ships which all had [[fouled bottom]]s that limited their speeds to {{convert|20|kn|mph km/h|lk=oin}} at best. The light cruiser {{SMS|Leipzig}} was lagging behind the other ships and Inflexible opened fire on her when the range dropped to {{convert|17500|yd|km}} at 12:55 PM. ''Invincible'' opened fire shortly after wards and both ships began straddling Leipzig as the range closed to {{convert|13000|yd|km}}. At 1:20 Spee ordered his squadron to separate and ordered his light cruisers to turn to the southwest while his armoured cruisers turned to the north east to cover their retreat. The German ships opened fire first at 1:30 and scored their first hit at 1:44 when  {{SMS|Scharnhorst}} hit ''Invincible'', although the shell burst harmlessly on the belt armour. Both sides fired rapidly during the first half-hour of the engagement before Sturdee opened up the range a little to put his ships outside of the effective range of the German guns. British gunnery was very poor during this period, scoring only four hits out of 210 rounds fired. The primary cause was the smoke from the guns and funnels as the British were downwind of the Germans,<ref>Massie, pp. 261–66</ref> although one gun of ''Invincible''{{'}}s 'A' turret jammed at 1:42 and was out of action for thirty minutes.<ref>Tarrant, p. 61</ref>

Spee turned to the south in the hope of disengaging while the British had their vision obscured, but only opened the range to {{convert|17000|yd|km}} before the British saw his course change. This was futile as the British battlecruisers gave chase at {{convert|24|kn|mph km/h|lk=oin}}. Forty minutes later the British opened fire again at  {{convert|15000|yd|km}}. Eight minutes later Spee turned again to the east to give battle. This time his strategy was to close the range on the British ships so he could bring his {{convert|15|cm|abbr=on}} secondary armament into play. In this he was successful and the 15&nbsp;cm guns were able to open fire at 3:00 at maximum elevation. On this course the smoke bothered both sides, but multiple hits were made regardless. Those made by the German(contracted; show full)llect intelligence on German movements. But the British were reading their coded messages and sailed to intercept them with a larger force of British battlecruisers under the command of Admiral Beatty, which included ''Indomitable''. Contact was initiated at 7:20 AM on the 24th when the British light cruiser Arethusa spotted the German light cruiser {{SMS|Kolberg}}. By 7:35 the Germans had spotted Beatty's force and Hipper ordered a turn to the south at {{convert|20|kn|mph km/h|lk=
oin}}, believing that this would suffice if the ships that he saw to his northwest were British battleships and that he could always increased speed to {{SMS|Blücher||2}}'s maximum speed of {{convert|23|kn|mph km/h|lk=oin}} if they were British battlecruisers.<ref>Massie, pp. 376–384</ref>

Beatty ordered his battlecruisers to make all practicable speed to catch the Germans before they could escape. ''Indomitable'' managed to exceed {{convert|26|kn|mph km/h|lk=oin}} and Beatty recognized her performance with a signal at 8:55 "Well done, ''Indomitable''"<ref>Massie, p. 385</ref> Despite this achievement ''Indomitable'' was the slowest of Beatty's ships and gradually fell behind the newer and faster battlecruisers. By 10:48 ''Blücher'' had been heavily damaged by fire from all the other battlecruisers and her speed had dropped to {{convert|17|kn|mph km/h|lk=oin}} and her steering gear had been jammed; Beatty ordered ''Indomitable'' to attack her. But due to a combination of a mistake by Beatty's flag lieutenant in signaling and heavy damage to Beatty's flagship {{HMS|Lion|1910|2}} which had knocked out her radio and caused enough smoke to obscure her signal [[halyard]]s so that Beatty couldn't communicate with his ships caused the rest of the battlecruisers to turn away from Hipper's main body and engage ''Blüche(contracted; show full)response to the German [[bombardment of Yarmouth and Lowestoft]] on 24–25 April 1916, but failed to locate the German ships in heavy weather. During the return home, ''Invincible'' was rammed by the patrol yacht ''Goissa'' at 11:07 PM. ''Goissa''{{'}}s bow was embedded in ''Invincible''{{'}}s side which partially stoved-in. ''Invincible''{{'}}s speed was reduced to {{convert|12|kn|mph km/h|lk=
oin}} through flooding and she was forced to haul out of line and proceed independently to [[Rosyth]] for repairs which lasted until 22 May 1916.<ref>Tarrant, pp. 95–96</ref>

===Battle of Jutland===
{{Main|Battle of Jutland}}
(contracted; show full)[[fr:Classe Invincible (croiseur)]]
[[it:Classe Invincible (incrociatore)]]
[[ja:インヴィンシブル級巡洋戦艦]]
[[pl:Krążowniki liniowe typu Invincible]]
[[pt:Classe Invincible]]
[[ru:Линейные крейсера типа «Инвинсибл»]]
[[fi:Invincible-luokka (taisteluristeilijä)]]
[[zh:无敌级战列巡洋舰]]