Difference between revisions 145507426 and 145507444 on dewiki

{{About||the 2002 film|Ted Bundy (film)}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
{{Infobox murderer
|name        = Ted Bundy
|image       = Ted Bundy headshot.jpg
|caption     = In custody on July 27, 1978 <br /> (State Archives of Florida)
|alt         = black-and-white photo of a man with piercing eyes
|birthname   = Theodore Robert Cowell
|alias       =   {{plainlist |
* Chris Hagen
* Kenneth Misner
* Officer Roseland
* Richard Burton
* Rolf Miller<ref name="BundyAppealBrief" />}}
|birth_name=Theodore Robert Cowell
|birth_date  = {{Birth date|1946|11|24}}
|birth_place = [[Burlington, Vermont|Burlington]], [[Vermont]]
|death_date  = {{Death date and age|1989|1|24|1946|11|24}}
|death_place = [[Florida State Prison]], [[Bradford County, Florida|Bradford County]], [[Florida]]
|cause       = [[Homicide#State-sanctioned homicide|Homicide]] ([[Electric chair|execution by electrocution]]){{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=323}}
|victims     = 30-36+
|country     = United States
|states      = [[Washington (state)|Washington]], [[Utah]], [[Florida]], [[Colorado]], [[Oregon]], [[Idaho]], [[California]]
|beginyear   = August 13, 1961, or February 1, 1974
|endyear     = February 9, 1978
|apprehended = August 16, 1975; escaped June 7, 1977; re-apprehended June 13, 1977; escaped December 30, 1977; re-apprehended February 15, 1978
|conviction  = [[Kidnapping|Aggravated kidnapping]]<br>[[Attempted murder]]<br>[[Burglary]]<br>[[Murder]]
|sentence    = [[Death penalty|Death]]
|spouse = Carole Ann Boone (m. 1979–1986)
}}
'''Theodore Robert Bundy''' (born '''Theodore Robert Cowell'''; November 24, 1946&nbsp;– January 24, 1989) was an American [[serial killer]], [[kidnapping|kidnapper]], [[rapist]], and [[Necrophilia|necrophile]] who assaulted and murdered numerous young women and girls during the 1970s and possibly earlier. Shortly before his execution, after more than a decade of denials, he confessed to 30 homicides committed in seven states between 1974 and 1978. The true victim count remains unknown, and could be much higher.

Bundy was regarded as handsome and charismatic by his young female victims, traits he exploited to win their trust. He typically approached them in public places, feigning injury or disability, or impersonating an authority figure, before overpowering and assaulting them at more secluded locations. He sometimes revisited his secondary crime scenes for hours at a time, grooming and performing sexual acts with the decomposing corpses until [[putrefaction]] and destruction by wild animals made further interaction impossible. He [[Decapitation|decapitated]] at least 12 of his victims, and kept some of the severed heads in his apartment for a period of time as mementos. On a few occasions he simply broke into dwellings at night and bludgeoned his victims as they slept.

Initially incarcerated in [[Utah]] in 1975 for aggravated kidnapping and attempted criminal assault, Bundy became a suspect in a progressively longer list of unsolved homicides in multiple states. Facing murder charges in [[Colorado]], he engineered two dramatic escapes and committed further assaults, including three murders, before his ultimate recapture in [[Florida]] in 1978. He received three death sentences in two separate trials for the Florida homicides.

Ted Bundy died in the [[electric chair]] at [[Florida State Prison|Raiford Prison]] in [[Starke, Florida]], on January 24, 1989. Biographer [[Ann Rule]] described him as "a sadistic sociopath who took pleasure from another human's pain and the control he had over his victims, to the point of death, and even after."{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=xiv}} He once called himself "... the most cold-hearted son of a bitch you'll ever meet."{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=263}}<ref name="Hare1999" /> Attorney [[Polly Nelson]], a member of his last defense team, agreed. "Ted," she wrote, "was the very definition of heartless evil."{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=319}}the serial killer|the 2002 film based on his life|Ted Bundy (film)}}
{{pp-move-indef}}

{{Infobox serial killer
| name        = Ted Bundy
| image       = Ted-bundy.jpg
| caption     = 1975 Utah mug shot
| birthname   = Theodore Robert Cowell
| alias       = Kenneth Misner, Chris Hagen, Richard Burton, Officer Roseland, Rolf Miller<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/flsupct/59128/59128ini.pdf |title=1982 Bundy appeal brief, p. 11 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-07-14}}</ref>
| birth_date       = {{Birth date|1946|11|24}}
| birth_place    = [[Burlington, Vermont]], [[United States]]
| death_date       = {{Death date and age|1989|01|24|1946|11|24}}
| cause       = [[Electric chair|Execution by electric chair]]
| victims     = 26–35+
| country     = United States
| states      = [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]], [[Oregon]], [[Utah]], [[Idaho]], [[Colorado]], [[Florida]]
| beginyear   = 1974
| endyear     = 1978
| apprehended = August 16, 1975; escaped December 30, 1977; re-apprehended February 15, 1978
| sentence    = [[Death penalty|Death]]
}}

'''Theodore Robert "Ted" Bundy''', born '''Theodore Robert Cowell''' (November 24, 1946&nbsp;– January 24, 1989), was an [[United States|American]] [[serial killer]] active between 1974 and 1978. He escaped twice from county jails before his final apprehension in February 1978. Bundy was executed by [[electric chair]] for his last murder by the state of [[Florida]] in 1989.

After more than a decade of vigorous denials, he eventually confessed to over 30 murders, although the actual total of victims remains unknown. Estimates range from 26 to over 100, the general estimate being 35. Typically, Bundy would [[club (weapon)|bludgeon]] his victims, then [[Strangling|strangle]] them to death. He also engaged in [[rape]] and [[necrophilia]]. 

== Early life ==
⏎
⏎
=== Childhood ===
Bundy was born Theodore Robert Cowell at the Elizabeth Lund Home For Unwed Mothers (now the Lund Family Center<ref>[http://www.vermontwoman.com/articles/0607/Lund.shtml VermontWoman.com]. Retrieved 2012-04-03.</ref>) in [[Burlington, Vermont]] on November 24, 1946 to Eleanor Louise Cowell (known for most of her life as Louise). His father's identity has never been determined with certainty. His birth certificate assigns paternity to a salesman and [[Air Force]] veteran named Lloyd Marshall,{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=8}} but Louise later claimed that she had been seduced by "a sailor"{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=xxxiii}} whose name may have been Jack Worthington.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=56, 330}} (Years later, investigators would find no record of anyone by that name in [[Navy]] or [[merchant marine]] archives.{{sfn|Von Drehle|1995|p=308}}) Some family members expressed suspicions that the father might have been Louise's own violent, abusive father, Samuel Cowell,{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=56}} but no material evidence has ever been cited to support or refute this.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=xxxiv}}

For the first three years of his life Bundy lived in the [[Philadelphia]] home of his maternal grandparents, Samuel and Eleanor Cowell, who raised him as their son to avoid the social stigma that accompanied birth outside wedlock at the time. Family, friends, and even young Ted were told that his grandparents were his parents and that his mother was his older sister. Eventually he discovered the truth; he told his girlfriend that a cousin showed him a copy of his birth certificate after calling him a "bastard",{{sfn|Kendall|1981|pp=40–41}} but he told biographers Stephen Michaud and [[Hugh Aynesworth]] that he found the certificate himself.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=62}} Biographer and [[true crime]] writer [[Ann Rule]], who knew Bundy personally, believes that he located his original birth record in Vermont in 1969.{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=16–17}} Bundy expressed a lifelong resentment toward his mother for lying about his true parentage and leaving him to discover it for himself.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=51–52}}

While Bundy spoke warmly of his grandparents in some interviews,{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|pp=17–18}} and told Ann Rule that he "identified with", "respected", and "clung to" his grandfather,{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=9}} he and other family members told attorneys in 1987 that Samuel Cowell was a tyrannical bully and a bigot who hated blacks, Italians, Catholics, and Jews, beat his wife and the family dog, and swung neighborhood cats by their tails. He once threw Louise's younger sister Julia down a flight of stairs for oversleeping.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=330}} He sometimes spoke aloud to unseen presences,{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=154}} and at least once he flew into a violent rage when the question of Ted's paternity was raised.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=330}} Bundy described his grandmother as a timid and obedient woman who periodically underwent [[electroconvulsive therapy]] for depression{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=154}} and feared leaving their house toward the end of her life.{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=501–08}} Ted occasionally exhibited disturbing behavior, even at that early age. Julia recalled awakening one day from a nap to find herself surrounded by knives from the Cowell kitchen; her three-year-old nephew was standing by the bed, smiling.{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=505}}
[[File:Ted Bundy HS Yearbook.jpeg|thumb|right|Bundy as a senior in high school in 1965.]]
In 1950 Louise abruptly changed her surname from Cowell to Nelson,{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=8}} and at the urging of multiple family members, left Philadelphia with her son to live with cousins Alan and Jane Scott in [[Tacoma, Washington]].{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=155}} In 1951 Louise met Johnny Culpepper Bundy, a hospital cook, at an adult singles night at Tacoma's First Methodist Church.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=57}} They married later that year and Johnny Bundy formally adopted Ted.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=57}} Johnny and Louise conceived four children of their own, and although Johnny tried to include his adoptive son in camping trips and other family activities, Ted remained distant from him. He later complained to his girlfriend that Johnny wasn't his real father, "wasn't very bright", and "didn't make much money."{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=51}}

Bundy's Tacoma recollections varied from biographer to biographer: To Michaud and Aynesworth he described roaming his neighborhood, picking through trash barrels in search of pictures of naked women.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|p=22}} To Polly Nelson he spoke of perusing detective magazines, crime novels, and true crime documentaries for stories involving sexual violence, particularly when illustrated with pictures of dead or maimed bodies;{{sfn|Nelson|1994|pp=277–78}} yet in a letter to Rule he asserted that he "... never, ever read fact-detective magazines, and shuddered at the thought [that anyone would]".{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=612}} To Michaud, he described consuming large quantities of alcohol and "canvass[ing] the community" late at night in search of undraped windows where he could observe women undressing, or "whatever [else] could be seen."{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|pp=74–77}}

Accounts of his social life also varied: He told Michaud and Aynesworth that he "chose to be alone" as an adolescent because he was unable to understand interpersonal relationships.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=64}} He claimed that he had no natural sense of how to develop friendships. "I didn't know what made people want to be friends," he said. "I didn't know what underlay social interactions."{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=66}} Classmates from [[Woodrow Wilson High School (Tacoma, Washington)|Woodrow Wilson High School]] told Rule, however, that Bundy was "well known and well liked" there, "a medium-sized fish in a large pond".{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=13}}

Bundy's only significant athletic avocation was snow skiing, which he pursued enthusiastically using stolen equipment and forged lift tickets.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=62}} During high school he was arrested at least twice on suspicion of burglary and auto theft. When he reached age 18 the details of the incidents were expunged from his record, as is customary in Washington and most other states.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=13–14}}

=== University years ===
After graduating from high school in 1965 Bundy spent a year at the [[University of Puget Sound]] (UPS) before transferring to the [[University of Washington]] (UW) in 1966 to study Chinese.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=14}} In 1967 he became romantically involved with a UW classmate who is identified in Bundy biographies by several pseudonyms, most commonly Stephanie Brooks.<ref name="akaLeslieHolland" /> In early 1968 he dropped out of college and worked at a series of minimum-wage jobs. He also volunteered at the Seattle office of [[Nelson Rockefeller]]'s presidential campaign,<ref name= "timeline">[http://www.santarosahitchhikermurders.com/downloads/Bundy_Multiagency_Team_Report.pdf FBI Bundy Multi-agency Team Report (1992)]. Retrieved 2011-09-23.{{dead link|date=October 2014}}</ref> and in August, attended the [[1968 Republican National Convention]] in [[Miami]] as a Rockefeller delegate.{{sfn|Larsen|1980|pp=5, 7}} Shortly thereafter Brooks ended their relationship and returned to her family home in California, frustrated by what she described as Bundy's immaturity and lack of ambition. Psychiatrist [[Dorothy Otnow Lewis|Dorothy Lewis]] would later pinpoint this crisis as "... probably the pivotal time in his development."{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=279}} Devastated by Brooks's rejection, Bundy traveled to Colorado and then further east, visiting relatives in [[Arkansas]] and Philadelphia, and enrolling for one semester at [[Temple University]].{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=19}} It was at this time in early 1969, Rule believes, that Bundy visited the office of birth records in Burlington and confirmed his true parentage.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=19}}{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=53}}

Back in Washington in the fall of 1969, he met Elizabeth Kloepfer (identified in Bundy literature as Meg Anders, Beth Archer, or Liz Kendall), a divorcée from [[Ogden, Utah]], who worked as a secretary at the University of Washington School of Medicine.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=74}} Their stormy relationship would continue well past his initial incarceration in Utah in 1976. In mid-1970, now focused and goal-oriented, he re-enrolled at UW, this time as a psychology major. He became an honor student, well-regarded by his professors.{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=18–20}} In 1971 he took a job at Seattle's Suicide Hotline crisis center. There he met and worked alongside Rule, a former Seattle police officer and aspiring crime writer who would later write one of the definitive Bundy biographies, ''[[The Stranger Beside Me]]''. Rule saw nothing disturbing in Bundy's personality at the time, describing him as "kind, solicitous, and empathetic".{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=22–33}}

After graduating from UW in 1972{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=76}} Bundy joined Governor [[Daniel J. Evans]]'s reelection campaign.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=39}} Posing as a college student, he shadowed Evans's opponent, former governor [[Albert Rosellini]], recording his stump speeches for analysis by Evans's team.{{sfn|Larsen|1980|pp=7–10}}<ref name="Ellensburg1973-08-30" /> After Evans's reelection he was hired as an assistant to Ross Davis, Chairman of the [[Washington State Republican Party]]. Davis thought well of Bundy, describing him as "smart, aggressive ... and a believer in the system."{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=46}} In early 1973, despite mediocre [[Law School Admission Test]] scores, Bundy was accepted into the law schools of UPS and the [[S.J. Quinney College of Law|University of Utah]] on the strength of letters of recommendation from Evans, Davis, and several UW psychology professors.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=22, 43–44}}{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=79}}

During a trip to California on Republican Party business in the summer of 1973 Bundy rekindled his relationship with Brooks, who marveled at his transformation into a serious, dedicated professional, seemingly on the cusp of a distinguished legal and political career. He continued to date Kloepfer as well, though neither woman was aware of the other's existence. In the fall of 1973 Bundy matriculated at UPS Law School{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=45–46}} and continued courting Brooks, who flew to Seattle several times to stay with him. They discussed marriage; at one point he introduced her to Davis as his fiancée.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=51}} In January 1974, however, he abruptly broke off all contact; her phone calls and letters went unreturned. Finally reaching him by phone a month later, Brooks demanded to know why Bundy had unilaterally ended their relationship without explanation. In a flat, calm voice, he replied, "Stephanie, I have no idea what you mean ..." and hung up. She never heard from him again.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=52}} Later he explained, "I just wanted to prove to myself that I could have married her."{{sfn|Foreman|1992|p=16}} At about the same time Bundy began skipping classes at law school, and by April he had stopped attending entirely,{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=44–47}} as young women began to disappear in the [[Pacific Northwest]].{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=81–84}}

== First two series of murders ==

=== Washington, Oregon ===
There is no consensus on when or where Bundy began killing women. He told different stories to different people, and refused to divulge the specifics of his earliest crimes, even as he confessed in graphic detail to dozens of later murders in the days preceding his execution.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=400}} He told Nelson that he attempted his first kidnapping in 1969 in [[Ocean City, New Jersey]], but did not kill anyone until sometime in 1971 in Seattle.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|pp=282–84}} He told psychologist Art Norman that he killed two women in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]] in 1969 while visiting family in Philadelphia.<ref name="DailyNews" />{{sfn|Sullivan|2009|p=57}} To homicide detective [[Robert D. Keppel]] he hinted at a murder in Seattle in 1972,{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=387}} and another in 1973 involving a hitchhiker near [[Tumwater, Washington]], but refused to elaborate.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=396}} Rule and Keppel both believe that he may have started killing as a teenager.{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=526}}{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=399–400}} Circumstantial evidence suggests that he abducted and killed eight-year-old Ann Marie Burr of Tacoma in 1961 when he was 14, an allegation he denied repeatedly.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=387}} His earliest documented homicides were committed in 1974 when he was 27 years old. By then he had (by his own admission) mastered the skills needed—in the era before [[DNA profiling]]—to leave minimal incriminating evidence at a crime scene.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|p=87}}

Shortly after midnight on January 4, 1974—around the time that he terminated his relationship with Brooks—Bundy entered the [[basement apartment]] of 18-year-old Karen Sparks{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=389}} (identified as Joni Lenz{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=57}}{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=27}} or Terri Caldwell{{sfn|Sullivan|2009|p=14}} by various sources), a dancer and student at UW. After bludgeoning the sleeping woman with a metal rod from her bed frame he [[sexual assault|sexually assaulted]] her with a [[speculum (medical)|speculum]], causing extensive internal injuries. She remained unconscious for 10 days{{sfn|Sullivan|2009|p=14}} but survived, with permanent brain damage.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=28}} Less than a month later, in the early morning hours of February 1, Bundy broke into the basement room of Lynda Ann Healy, a UW undergraduate who broadcast morning radio weather reports for skiers. He beat her unconscious, dressed her in blue jeans, a white blouse, and boots, and carried her away.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=60–62}}

Female college students continued disappearing at the rate of about one per month. On March 12, Donna Gail Manson, a 19-year-old student at [[The Evergreen State College]] in [[Olympia, Washington|Olympia]], {{convert|60|mi}} southwest of Seattle, left her dormitory for a jazz concert on campus but never arrived. On April 17, Susan Elaine Rancourt disappeared while on her way to a movie after an evening advisors' meeting at Central Washington State College (now [[Central Washington University]]) in [[Ellensburg, Washington|Ellensburg]], {{convert|110|mi}} southeast of Seattle.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=71}}<ref name="Spokesman-Review" /> Two female Central Washington students later came forward to report encounters—one on the night of Rancourt's disappearance, the other three nights earlier—with a man wearing an arm sling, asking for help carrying a load of books to his brown or tan [[Volkswagen Beetle]].{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=42–46}}{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=31–33}} On May 6 Roberta Kathleen Parks left her dormitory at [[Oregon State University]] in [[Corvallis, Oregon|Corvallis]], {{convert|260|mi}} south of Seattle, to have coffee with friends at the [[Memorial Union (Oregon State University)|Student Union Building]], but never arrived.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=75–76}}

Detectives from the [[King County Sheriff's Office]] and the [[Seattle Police Department]] grew increasingly concerned. There was no significant physical evidence, and the missing women had little in common, apart from being young, attractive, white college students with long hair parted in the middle.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=73–74}} On June 1, Brenda Carol Ball, 22, disappeared after leaving the Flame Tavern in [[Burien, Washington]] near [[Seattle–Tacoma International Airport]]. She was last seen talking in the parking lot to a brown-haired man with his arm in a sling.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=77}} In the early hours of June 11, UW student Georgann Hawkins{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=37}} vanished while walking down the brightly lit alley between her boyfriend's dormitory residence and her sorority house. The next morning three Seattle homicide detectives and a [[criminalist]] combed the entire alleyway on their hands and knees, finding nothing.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=82}} After Hawkins's disappearance was publicized, witnesses came forward to report seeing a man that night in the alley behind a nearby dormitory, on crutches with a leg cast, struggling to carry a briefcase.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=38}} One woman recalled that the man asked her to help him carry the case to his car, a light-brown Volkswagen Beetle.{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=75}}

During this period Bundy was working at the Washington State Department of Emergency Services (DES) in Olympia, a government agency involved in the search for the missing women. There he met and dated Carole Ann Boone, a twice-divorced mother of two who, six years later, would play an important role in the final phase of his life.<ref name="Michaud-trutv" />

[[File:Ted Bundy volkswagen.JPG|thumb|upright|alt=A light tan rusty Volkswagen is positioned for display behind a chain made of handcuffs|Ted Bundy's 1968 Volkswagen Beetle, the venue for many of his crimes, on display at the [[National Museum of Crime & Punishment]].<ref name="Kennicott-wapo"/><ref name="CrimeMuseum-car" />]]
Reports of the six missing women and Sparks's brutal beating appeared prominently in newspapers and on television throughout Washington and Oregon.{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=81}} Fear spread among the population; hitchhiking by young women dropped sharply.{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=76}} While pressure mounted on law enforcement agencies,{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=77}} the paucity of physical evidence severely hampered them. Police could not provide reporters with the little information that was available for fear of compromising the investigation.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|p=vi}} Further similarities between the victims were noted: The disappearances all took place at night, usually near ongoing construction work, within a week of midterm or final exams; all of the victims were wearing slacks or blue jeans; and at most crime scenes there were sightings of a man wearing a cast or a sling, and driving a brown or tan Volkswagen Beetle.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=90–91}}

The Pacific Northwest murders culminated on Sunday, July 14 with the broad-daylight abductions of two women from a crowded beach at [[Lake Sammamish State Park]] in [[Issaquah, Washington|Issaquah]], {{convert|20|mi}} east of Seattle. Five female witnesses described an attractive young man wearing a white tennis outfit with his left arm in a sling, speaking with a light accent, perhaps Canadian, perhaps British. Introducing himself as "Ted", he asked their help in unloading a sailboat from his tan- or bronze-colored Volkswagen Beetle. Four refused; one accompanied him as far as his car, saw that there was no sailboat, and fled. Three additional witnesses saw him approach Janice Anne Ott, 23, a probation case worker at the King County Juvenile Court, with the sailboat story, and watched her leave the beach in his company.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=3–6}} About four hours later Denise Naslund, an 18-year-old woman who was studying to become a computer programmer, left a picnic to go to the restroom and never returned.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=99–101}} While Bundy later told Stephen Michaud that Ott was still alive when he returned with Naslund—and that one was forced to watch as the other was murdered{{sfn|Foreman|1992|p=45}}{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|pp=139–42}}—he retracted that detail on the eve of his execution.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|pp=294–295}}

King County police, finally armed with a detailed description of their suspect as well as his car, posted fliers throughout the Seattle area. A composite sketch was printed in regional newspapers and broadcast on local television stations. Elizabeth Kloepfer, Ann Rule, a DES employee, and a UW psychology professor all recognized the profile, the sketch, and the car, and reported Ted Bundy as a possible suspect;{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=61–62}} but detectives—who were receiving up to 200 tips per day{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=40}}—thought it unlikely that a clean-cut law student with no adult criminal record could be the perpetrator.{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=103–05}}

On September 6 two grouse hunters stumbled across the skeletal remains of Ott and Naslund near a service road in Issaquah, {{convert|2|mi}} east of Lake Sammamish State Park.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=8–15}} An extra [[femur]] and several [[human vertebra|vertebrae]] found at the site were later identified by Bundy as Georgann Hawkins's.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=18}} Six months later, forestry students from [[Green River Community College]] discovered the skulls and [[human mandible|mandibles]] of Healy, Rancourt, Parks, and Ball on Taylor Mountain, where Bundy frequently hiked, just east of Issaquah.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=25–30}} Manson's remains were never recovered.

=== Idaho, Utah, Colorado ===
[[File:Ted Bundy Utah house fire escape.JPG|thumb|upright|right|alt=565 First Avenue, Salt Lake City, UT|Rooming house in Salt Lake City where Bundy lived Sept. 1974 to Oct. 1975, showing fire escape used to sneak into his room and windows to utility room where he concealed photo souvenirs of his murders.{{sfn|Keppel|Michaud|2011|p=99}}]]
In August 1974 Bundy received a second acceptance from the University of Utah Law School and moved to [[Salt Lake City]], leaving Kloepfer in Seattle. While he called Kloepfer often, he dated "at least a dozen" other women.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=130–31}} As he studied the first-year law curriculum a second time, "he was devastated to find out that the other students had something, some intellectual capacity, that he did not. He found the classes completely incomprehensible. 'It was a great disappointment to me,' he said."{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=55}}

A new string of homicides began the following month with two that went undiscovered until Bundy confessed to them shortly before his execution. On September 2 he raped and strangled a still-unidentified hitchhiker in [[Idaho]], then either disposed of the corpse immediately in a nearby river{{sfn|Sullivan|2009|p=86}} or returned the next day to photograph and dismember the victim.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|pp=257–59}}{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=527}} On October 2 he seized 16-year-old Nancy Wilcox in [[Holladay, Utah|Holladay]], a suburb of Salt Lake City,{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=91}} and dragged her into a wooded area, intending to "de-escalate" his pathological urges, he said, by raping and releasing her. However, he strangled her—by accident, he claimed—in the process of trying to silence her.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|pp=143–46}} Wilcox was buried, he said, near [[Capitol Reef National Park]], some 200 miles (320&nbsp;km) south of Holladay, but her remains were never found.<ref name="Psychics" />

On October 18 Melissa Smith, the 17-year-old daughter of the police chief of [[Midvale, Utah|Midvale]], another Salt Lake City suburb, disappeared after leaving a pizza parlor. Her nude body was found in a nearby mountainous area nine days later. Postmortem examination indicated that she may have remained alive for up to seven days following her disappearance.{{sfn|Sullivan|2009|p=96}}{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=92–93}} On October 31, {{convert|25|mi}} south in [[Lehi, Utah|Lehi]], Laura Ann Aime, also 17, disappeared after leaving a café just after midnight.{{sfn|Rule|1989|p=112}} Her naked body was found by hikers {{convert|9|mi}} to the northeast in [[American Fork Canyon]]<ref name="Deseret1977" /> on [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving Day]]. Both women had been beaten, raped, [[sodomy|sodomized]], and strangled with nylon stockings.<ref name="Bell-KillingSpree" />{{sfn|Rule|1989|pp=112–13}} Years later Bundy described his postmortem rituals with Smith's and Aime's remains, including hair shampooing and application of makeup.{{sfn|Rule|1989|p=486}}{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=334–35}}

In the late afternoon of November 8, Bundy approached 18-year-old telephone operator Carol DaRonch at [[Fashion Place|Fashion Place Mall]]<ref>{{cite web |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=JXm3zfQuNEUC&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=fashion+place+mall+bundy&source=bl&ots=NgFzncrGwm&sig=WjQ55lmIzE1jKLJgGxJAJW221Qw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=J_oNVeTDBISFyQTG-YGYCA&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=fashion%20place%20mall%20bundy&f=false |title= Ted Bundy: The FBI File |website= books.google.com |quote= Bundy was convicted of kidnaping Carol DaRonch, 19, from Fashion Place Mall earlier that day. |accessdate= 2015-03-21}}</ref> in [[Murray, Utah]], less than a mile from the Midvale restaurant where Melissa Smith was last seen. He identified himself as "Officer Roseland" of the Murray Police Department, told DaRonch that someone had attempted to break into her car, and asked her to accompany him to the station to file a complaint. When DaRonch pointed out that Bundy was driving on a road that did not lead to the police station, he immediately pulled to the shoulder and attempted to handcuff her. During their struggle he inadvertently fastened both handcuffs to the same wrist, and DaRonch was able to open the car door and escape.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=93–95}} Later that evening Debra Kent, a 17-year-old student at [[Viewmont High School]] in [[Bountiful, Utah|Bountiful]], {{convert|19|mi}} north of Murray, disappeared after leaving a theater production at the school to pick up her brother.<ref name="map-Murray2Bountiful" /> The school's drama teacher and a student told police that "a stranger" had asked each of them to come out to the parking lot to identify a car. Another student later saw the same man pacing in the rear of the auditorium, and the drama teacher spotted him again shortly before the end of the play.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=95–97}} Outside the auditorium, investigators found a key that unlocked the handcuffs removed from Carol DaRonch's wrist.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=101}}

In November Elizabeth Kloepfer, having read that young women were disappearing in towns surrounding Salt Lake City, called King County police a second time. Detective Randy Hergesheimer of the Major Crimes division interviewed her in detail. By then, Bundy had risen considerably on the King County hierarchy of suspicion, but the Lake Sammamish witness considered most reliable by detectives failed to pick him from a photo lineup.{{sfn|Kendall|1981|pp=78–79}} In December, Kloepfer called the Salt Lake County Sheriff's Office and repeated her suspicions. Bundy's name was added to their list of suspects, but at that time no credible evidence linked him to the Utah crimes.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=148–49}} In January 1975 Bundy returned to Seattle after his final exams and spent a week with Kloepfer, who did not tell him that she had reported him three separate times to police. She made plans to visit him in Salt Lake City in August.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=149–50}}

[[File:Caryn Campbell Ted Bundy victim.jpg|thumb|upright|left|alt=A smiling young woman with short hair parted on the side|Caryn Campbell: Bundy's 14th documented murder victim and the subject of his first homicide indictment.]]

In 1975 Bundy shifted much of his criminal activity eastward to Colorado from his base in Utah. On January 12, a 23-year-old registered nurse named Caryn Campbell disappeared while walking down a well-lit hallway between the elevator and her room at the Wildwood Inn (now the Wildwood Lodge) in [[Snowmass Village, Colorado|Snowmass Village]], {{convert|400|mi}} southeast of Salt Lake City.{{sfn|Rule|1989|p=126}} Her nude body was found a month later next to a dirt road just outside the resort. She had been killed by blows to her head from a blunt instrument that left distinctive linear grooved depressions on her skull; her body also had deep cuts from a sharp weapon.{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=132–36}} A hundred miles (160&nbsp;km) northeast of Snowmass on March 15, [[Vail, Colorado|Vail]] ski instructor Julie Cunningham, 26, disappeared while walking from her apartment to a dinner date with a friend. Bundy later told Colorado investigators that he approached her on crutches and asked that she help carry his ski boots to his car, where he clubbed and handcuffed her, then assaulted and strangled her at a remote secondary site near [[Rifle, Colorado]], {{convert|90|mi}} west of Vail.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=402–07}} Weeks later he made the six-hour drive from Salt Lake City to revisit her remains.{{sfn|Keppel|2010|loc=Kindle location 7431–98}} Denise Oliverson, 25, disappeared near the Utah-Colorado border in [[Grand Junction, Colorado|Grand Junction]] on April 6 while riding her bicycle to her parents' house; her bike and sandals were found under a viaduct near a railroad bridge.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=110}} On May 6 Bundy lured 12-year-old Lynette Culver from Alameda Junior High School in [[Pocatello, Idaho]], {{convert|160|mi}} north of Salt Lake City. He drowned and then sexually assaulted her in his hotel room,{{sfn|Sullivan|2009|pp=137–38}} then disposed of her body in a river north of Pocatello (possibly the [[Snake River|Snake]]).<ref name="Culver"/><ref name="Moscow"/>

[[File:Caryn campbell ted bundy.jpg|thumb|alt=An outdoor hallway. Hotel rooms are on the left and a balcony is on the right. |Caryn Campbell disappeared while walking down this brightly lit hallway to her hotel room.]]

In mid-May three of Bundy's Washington State DES coworkers, including Carole Ann Boone, visited him in Salt Lake City and stayed for a week in his apartment. Bundy spent a week in Seattle with Kloepfer in early June and they discussed getting married the following Christmas. Again, Kloepfer made no mention of her discussions with the King County Police and Salt Lake County Sheriff's Office, and Bundy disclosed neither his ongoing relationship with Boone nor a concurrent romance with a Utah law student known in various accounts as Kim Andrews{{sfn|Kendall|1981|pp=140–41}} or Sharon Auer.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=164–65}}

On June 28 Susan Curtis vanished from the campus of [[Brigham Young University]] in [[Provo, Utah|Provo]], {{convert|45|mi}} south of Salt Lake City. Curtis's murder became Bundy's last confession, tape-recorded moments before he entered the execution chamber.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=343}} The bodies of Wilcox, Kent, Cunningham, Culver, Curtis, and Oliverson were never recovered.

In August or September 1975 he was baptized into [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], although he was not an active participant in services and ignored most church restrictions.<ref name="Smith1979" /><ref name="Bennett-Connaughton1978" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=158}}: "Bundy joined the Mormon Church that September."</ref>  He would later be excommunicated by the LDS Church following his 1976 kidnapping conviction.<ref name="Smith1979" /> (When asked his religious preference after his arrest, Bundy answered "Methodist", the religion of his childhood.{{sfn|Von Drehle|1995|p=389}})

In Washington state, investigators were still struggling to analyze the Pacific Northwest murder spree that had ended as abruptly as it had begun. In an effort to make sense of an overwhelming mass of data, they resorted to the then-innovative strategy of compiling a database. They used the King County payroll computer, a "huge, primitive machine" by contemporary standards, but the only one available for their use. After inputting the many lists they had compiled—classmates and acquaintances of each victim, Volkswagen owners named "Ted", known sex offenders, and so on—they queried the computer for coincidences. Out of thousands of names, 26 turned up on four separate lists; one was Ted Bundy. Detectives also manually compiled a list of their 100 "best" suspects, and Bundy was on that list as well. He was "literally at the top of the pile" of suspects when word came from Utah of his arrest.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=62–66}}

== Arrest and first trial ==
[[File:Ted Bundy murder kit.JPG|left|thumb|upright|alt=The murder kit includes a sports bag, garbage bags, ski mask, nylon stocking with holes, flashlight, crowbar, an ice pick, and some gloves.|Items found in Bundy's Volkswagen, Utah, 1975.]]

Bundy was arrested in August 1975 by a Utah Highway Patrol officer in [[West Valley City, Utah|Granger]], another Salt Lake City suburb, after he failed to pull over for a routine traffic stop.<ref name="Gehrke2000" /> The officer, noting that the Volkswagen's front passenger seat was missing, searched his car; he found a ski mask, a second mask fashioned from pantyhose, a crowbar, handcuffs, trash bags, a coil of rope, an ice pick, and other items initially assumed to be burglary tools. Bundy explained that the ski mask was for skiing, he had found the handcuffs in a [[dumpster]], and the rest were common household items.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=98–99, 113–15}} However, Detective Jerry Thompson remembered a similar suspect and car description from the November 1974 DaRonch kidnapping, and Bundy's name from Kloepfer's December 1974 phone call. In a search of Bundy's apartment police found a guide to Colorado ski resorts with a checkmark by the Wildwood Inn,{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=71}} and a brochure advertising the Viewmont High School play in Bountiful (where Debra Kent had disappeared),{{sfn|Sullivan|2009|p=151}} but nothing sufficiently incriminating to hold him. He was released on his own [[recognizance]]. (Bundy later said that searchers missed a collection of [[Instant camera|Polaroid]] photographs of his victims hidden in the utility room, which he destroyed after he was released.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=258}})

Salt Lake City police placed Bundy on 24-hour surveillance, and Thompson flew to Seattle with two other detectives to interview Kloepfer. She told them that in the year prior to Bundy's move to Utah she had discovered objects she "couldn't understand" in her house and in Bundy's apartment: a set of crutches; a bag of plaster of Paris that he admitted stealing from a medical supply house; a meat cleaver, never used for cooking, that he packed when he moved to Utah; surgical gloves; an Oriental knife in a wooden case that he kept in his glove compartment; and a sack full of women's clothing.{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=167}} Bundy was perpetually in debt to everyone, and Kloepfer suspected he had stolen almost everything of significant value that he owned. Once, when she confronted him over a new TV and stereo, he warned her, "If you tell anyone, I'll break your fucking neck."{{sfn|Kendall|1981|p=74}} She said Bundy became "very upset" whenever she considered cutting her hair—which was long and parted in the middle. She would sometimes awaken in the middle of the night to find him under the bed covers with a flashlight, examining her body. He kept a [[lug wrench]], taped halfway up the handle, in the trunk of her car (she too owned a Volkswagen Beetle, which Ted often borrowed) "for protection". The detectives confirmed that Bundy had not been with Kloepfer on any of the nights during which the Pacific Northwest victims had vanished, nor on the day Ott and Naslund were abducted.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=187–94}} Shortly thereafter, Kloepfer was interviewed by Seattle homicide detective Kathy McChesney and learned of the existence of Stephanie Brooks and her brief engagement to Bundy around Christmas 1973.{{sfn|Kendall|1981|pp=96–100}}

[[File:Ted-bundy.jpg|thumb|alt=Bundy is facing right in the first photo and facing front in the second. He has medium long hair and is wearing a turtleneck sweater.|1975 Utah [[mug shot]]]]

In September Bundy sold his Volkswagen Beetle to a Midvale teenager.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=226–27}} Utah police impounded it, and FBI technicians dismantled and searched it. They found hairs matching samples obtained from Caryn Campbell's body.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=188}} Later, they also identified hair strands "microscopically indistinguishable" from those of Melissa Smith and Carol DaRonch.{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=250}} FBI lab specialist Robert Neill concluded that the presence of hair strands in one car matching three different victims who had never met one another would be "a coincidence of mind-boggling rarity."{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=189–91}}

On October 2, 1975 detectives put Bundy in a lineup before DaRonch, who immediately identified him as "Officer Roseland". Witnesses from Bountiful picked him from the same lineup as the stranger lurking about the high school auditorium.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=178–79}} There was insufficient evidence linking him to Debra Kent (whose body was never found), but more than enough to charge him with aggravated kidnapping and attempted criminal assault in the DaRonch case. He was freed on $15,000 bail, paid by his parents,{{sfn|Foreman|1992|p=24}} and spent most of the time between indictment and trial in Seattle, living in Kloepfer's house. Seattle police had insufficient evidence to charge him in the Pacific Northwest murders, but kept him under close surveillance. "When Ted and I stepped out on the porch to go somewhere," Kloepfer wrote, "so many unmarked police cars started up that it sounded like the beginning of the Indy 500."{{sfn|Kendall|1981|pp=119–20}}

In November, the three principal Bundy investigators—Jerry Thompson from Utah, Robert Keppel from Washington, and Michael Fisher from Colorado—met and exchanged information with 30 detectives and prosecutors from five states in [[Aspen, Colorado]].{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=213–15}} While officials left the meeting (later known as the Aspen Summit) convinced that Bundy was the murderer they sought, they agreed that more hard evidence would be needed before he could be charged with any of the murders.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=163–65}}

On February 23, 1976 Bundy stood trial for the DaRonch kidnapping, waiving his right to a jury on the advice of his attorney, John O'Connell, due to the publicity surrounding the case. On March 1, after a four-day trial and a weekend of deliberation, Judge Stewart Hanson, Jr. found him guilty of kidnapping and assault.{{sfn|Kendall|1981|pp=140–141}}{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=205}} He was sentenced to one to 15 years in the Utah State Prison on June 30.{{sfn|Foreman|1992|p=24}} In October he was found hiding in bushes in the prison yard carrying an "escape kit"—road maps, airline schedules, and a social security card—and spent several weeks in solitary confinement.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=265–267}} Later that month Colorado authorities charged him with Caryn Campbell's murder. After a period of resistance, he waived [[extradition]] proceedings and was transferred to Aspen in January 1977.{{sfn|Rule|1989|p=219}}{{sfn|Foreman|1992|p=25}}

== Escapes ==
[[File:Pitkin County Courthouse.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A two-story brick building with a tall tower is partially obscured by trees.| Pitkin County Courthouse. Bundy jumped from the second window from the left, second story.{{sfn|Winn|Merrill|1980}}]]
On June 7, 1977, Bundy was transported {{convert|40|mi}} from the Garfield County jail in [[Glenwood Springs, Colorado|Glenwood Springs]] to [[Pitkin County Courthouse]] in Aspen for a preliminary hearing. He had elected to [[Pro se legal representation in the United States|serve as his own attorney]] and as such was excused by the judge from wearing handcuffs or leg shackles.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=285}} During a recess he asked to visit the courthouse's law library to research his case. Concealed behind a bookcase, he opened a window and jumped from the second story, spraining his right ankle as he landed. After shedding an outer layer of clothing he walked through Aspen as roadblocks were being set up on its outskirts, then hiked southward onto [[Aspen Mountain (Colorado)|Aspen Mountain]]. Near its summit he broke into a hunting cabin and stole food, clothing, and a rifle.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=197}} The following day he left the cabin and continued south toward the town of [[Crested Butte, Colorado|Crested Butte]], but became lost in the forest. For two days he wandered aimlessly on the mountain, missing two trails that led downward to his intended destination. On June 10 Bundy broke into a camping trailer on Maroon Lake, {{convert|10|mi}} south of Aspen, taking food and a ski parka; but instead of continuing southward he walked back north toward Aspen, eluding roadblocks and search parties.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=286–291}} Three days later he stole a car at the edge of Aspen Golf Course. Cold, sleep-deprived, and in constant pain from his sprained ankle, he drove back into Aspen, where two police officers noticed his car weaving in and out of its lane and pulled him over. He had been a fugitive for six days.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=203–05}} In the car were maps of the mountain area around Aspen that prosecutors were using to demonstrate the location of Caryn Campbell's body (as his own attorney, Bundy had rights of [[Discovery (law)|discovery]]), indicating that his escape had been planned.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=290–293}}

[[File:FBI-360-Ted Bundy FBI 10 most wanted photo.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=Black-and-white photo of a man with curly hair|1977 photograph—taken shortly after first escape and recapture{{sfn|Larsen|1980|p=2}}—from Bundy's [[FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives, 1970s|FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives]] poster.]]
Back in jail in Glenwood Springs, Bundy ignored the advice of friends and legal advisors to stay put. The case against him, already weak at best, was deteriorating steadily as pretrial motions consistently resolved in his favor and significant bits of evidence were ruled inadmissible.{{sfn|Winn|Merrill|1980|pp=204–208}} "A more rational defendant might have realized that he stood a good chance of acquittal, and that beating the murder charge in Colorado would probably have dissuaded other prosecutors ... with as little as a year and a half to serve on the DaRonch conviction, had Ted persevered, he could have been a free man."{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=206}} Instead, Bundy devised a new escape plan. He acquired a detailed floor plan of the jail and a hacksaw blade from other inmates and accumulated $500 in cash, smuggled in over a six-month period, he later said, by visitors—Carole Ann Boone in particular.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=306}} During the evenings, while other prisoners were showering, he sawed a hole about one foot (0.30 m) square between the steel reinforcing bars in his cell's ceiling and, after losing {{convert|35|lb}}, was able to wriggle through it into the crawl space above.<ref name="ChiOmegaKiller" /> In the weeks that followed he made a series of practice runs, exploring the space.  Multiple reports from an informant of movement within the ceiling during the night were not investigated.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=209}} 

By late 1977, Bundy's impending trial had become a [[cause célèbre]] in the small town of Aspen, and Bundy filed a motion for a [[change of venue]] to [[Denver]].{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=302-3}}  On December 23 the Aspen trial judge granted the request—but to [[Colorado Springs, Colorado|Colorado Springs]], where juries had historically been hostile to murder suspects.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=304-5}} On the night of December 30, with most of the jail staff on Christmas break and nonviolent prisoners on [[furlough]] with their families,{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=305}} Bundy piled books and files in his bed, covered them with a blanket to simulate his sleeping body, and climbed into the crawlspace. He broke through the ceiling into the apartment of the chief jailer—who was out for the evening with his wife{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=308}}—changed into street clothes from the jailer's closet, and walked out the front door to freedom.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=209–11}}

After stealing a car, Bundy drove eastward out of Glenwood Springs, but the car soon broke down in the mountains on [[Interstate 70]]. A passing motorist gave him a ride into Vail, {{convert|60|mi}} to the east. From there he caught a bus to Denver, where he boarded a flight to [[Chicago]]. In Glenwood Springs, the jail's skeleton crew did not discover the escape until noon on December 31, more than 17 hours later. By then Bundy was already in Chicago.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=212–13}}

== Florida ==
[[File:TedBundyprisonFlorida.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Bundy casually leans on the wall while dressed in prison garb.|At press conference in Tallahassee announcing his triple murder indictment, July 1978 (State Archives of Florida).]]

From Chicago, Bundy traveled by train to [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]]. There, on January 2 in a local tavern, he watched his alma mater UW defeat [[University of Michigan|Michigan]] in the [[1978 Rose Bowl|Rose Bowl]].{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=215–16}} Five days later he stole a car and drove to [[Atlanta]], where he boarded a bus and arrived in [[Tallahassee, Florida]], on January 8. He rented a room under the alias Chris Hagen at a boarding house near the [[Florida State University]] (FSU) campus. Bundy later said that he initially resolved to find legitimate employment and refrain from further criminal activity, knowing he could probably remain free and undetected in Florida indefinitely as long as he did not attract the attention of police;{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=7}} but his lone job application, at a construction site, had to be abandoned when he was asked to produce identification.{{sfn|Foreman|1992|p=31}} He reverted to his old habits of shoplifting and stealing credit cards from women's wallets left in shopping carts.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=318}}

Sometime during the evening of January 14 or the early hours of January 15, 1978—one week after his arrival in Tallahassee—Bundy entered FSU's [[Chi Omega]] sorority house through a rear door with a faulty lock.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=332}} Beginning at about 2:45 am he bludgeoned Margaret Bowman, 21, with a piece of oak firewood as she slept, then garroted her with a nylon stocking.{{sfn|Foreman|1992|p=34}} He then entered the bedroom of 20-year-old Lisa Levy and beat her unconscious, strangled her, tore one of her nipples, bit deeply into her left buttock, and sexually assaulted her with a hair mist bottle.{{sfn|Rule|1989|pp=278–79}} In an adjoining bedroom he attacked Kathy Kleiner, breaking her jaw and deeply lacerating her shoulder; and Karen Chandler, who suffered a concussion, broken jaw, loss of teeth, and a crushed finger.<ref name="EveningIndependent" /> Tallahassee detectives later determined that the four attacks took place in a total of less than 15 minutes, within earshot of more than 30 witnesses who heard nothing.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=332}} After leaving the sorority house Bundy broke into a basement apartment eight blocks away and attacked FSU student Cheryl Thomas, dislocating her shoulder and fracturing her jaw and skull in five places. She was left with permanent deafness, and equilibrium damage that ended her dance career.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=340}} On Thomas's bed police found a semen stain and a pantyhose "mask" containing two hairs "similar to Bundy's in class and characteristic".{{sfn|Rule|1989|p=277}}{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=339}}

[[File:LevyBowmanBundyvictims.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Black-and-white photo of two smiling young women. Levy, on the left, has light hair parted on the middle and Bownam, on the right, has longer dark hair parted on the side.|Lisa Levy and Margaret Bowman (State Archives of Florida)]]
On February 8 Bundy drove {{convert|150|mi}} east to [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]] in a stolen FSU van. In a parking lot he approached 14-year-old Leslie Parmenter, the daughter of Jacksonville Police Department's Chief of Detectives, identifying himself as "Richard Burton, Fire Department", but retreated when Parmenter's older brother arrived.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=243–44}} That afternoon he backtracked {{convert|60|mi}} westward to [[Lake City, Florida|Lake City]]. At Lake City Junior High School the following morning, 12-year-old Kimberly Diane Leach was summoned to her [[homeroom]] by a teacher to retrieve a forgotten purse; she never returned to class. Seven weeks later, after an intensive search, her partially mummified remains were found in a pig farrowing shed near [[Suwannee River State Park]], {{convert|35|mi}} northwest of Lake City.<ref name="FL-HighwayPatrol" />{{sfn|Rule|1989|pp=324–25}}

On February 12, with insufficient cash to pay his overdue rent and a growing suspicion that police were closing in on him,{{sfn|Winn|Merrill|1980|pp=245–246}} Bundy stole a car and fled Tallahassee, driving westward across the [[Florida Panhandle]]. Three days later at around 1:00&nbsp;a.m., he was stopped by [[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola]] police officer David Lee near the [[Alabama]] state line after a "wants and warrants" check showed his Volkswagen Beetle as stolen.<ref name="pensacolapolice" /> When told he was under arrest, Bundy kicked Lee's legs out from under him and took off running. Lee fired a warning shot and then a second round, gave chase, and tackled him. The two struggled over Lee's gun before the officer finally subdued and arrested Bundy.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=366}} In the stolen vehicle were three sets of IDs belonging to female FSU students, 21 stolen credit cards, and a stolen television set.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=367}} Also found were a pair of dark-rimmed non-prescription glasses and a pair of plaid slacks, later identified as the disguise worn in Jacksonville.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=398}} As Lee transported his suspect to jail, unaware that he had just arrested one of the [[FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives]], he heard Bundy say, "I wish you had killed me."{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=321–23}}

== Florida trials, marriage ==
[[File:TedBundyincustody.JPG|thumb|upright|alt=A smiling Bundy holds a sheaf of papers and enters a vehicle. He is escorted by two police officers.|Departing a preliminary hearing, Miami, 1979 (State Archives of Florida).]]

Following a change of venue to Miami, Bundy stood trial for the Chi Omega homicides and assaults in June 1979.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=274}} The trial was covered by 250 reporters from five continents, and was the first to be televised nationally in the United States.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=10}} Despite the presence of five court-appointed attorneys, Bundy again handled much of his own defense. From the beginning, he "sabotaged the entire defense effort out of spite, distrust, and grandiose delusion," Nelson later wrote. "Ted [was] facing murder charges, with a possible death sentence, and all that mattered to him apparently was that he be in charge."{{sfn|Nelson|1994|pp=87, 91}}

According to Mike Minerva, a Tallahassee public defender and member of the defense team, a pre-trial [[plea bargain]] was negotiated in which Bundy would plead guilty to killing Levy, Bowman, and Leach in exchange for a firm 75-year prison sentence. Prosecutors were amenable to a deal, by one account, because "prospects of losing at trial were very good."{{sfn|Dekle|2011|p=124}} Bundy, on the other hand, saw the plea deal not only as a means of avoiding the death penalty, but also as a "tactical move": He could enter his plea, then wait a few years for evidence to disintegrate or become lost, and for witnesses to die, move on, or retract their testimony. Once the case against him had deteriorated beyond repair, he could file a post-conviction motion to set aside the plea and secure an acquittal.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=271–72; attorney Millard Farmer devised this strategy as a means of "selling" Bundy on the plea deal, according to this account}}{{sfn|Dekle|2011|p=125}} At the last minute, however, Bundy refused the deal. "It made him realize he was going to have to stand up in front of the whole world and say he was guilty," Minerva said. "He just couldn't do it."<ref name="Word1999-01-24" />

At trial, crucial testimony came from Chi Omega members Connie Hastings, who placed Bundy in the vicinity of Chi Omega House that evening;{{sfn|Dekle|2011|pp=154–155}} and Nita Neary, who saw him leaving the sorority house clutching the oak murder weapon.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=227, 283}}<ref name="St.Petersburg1" /> Incriminating physical evidence included the bite impressions Bundy left in Levy's left buttock, which forensic [[odontologist]]s Richard Souviron and Lowell Levine matched to castings of Bundy's teeth.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=230, 283–85}}{{sfn|Dekle|2011|p=156}} The jury deliberated less than seven hours before convicting him on July 24, 1979 of the two murders, three counts of attempted first degree murder, and two counts of burglary. The trial judge imposed death sentences for the murder convictions.<ref>[http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/flsupct/59128/op-59128.pdf Bundy v. State, 455 So.2d 330 (Fla.1984)]. Retrieved 2011-07-21.</ref><ref>[http://ftp.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F2/808/808.F2d.1410.86-5509.html Bundy v. Wainwright, 808 F.2d 1410 (Fla. 1987)]. Retrieved 2011-07-21.</ref>

[[File:Dental evidence ted bundy.jpeg|thumb|left|alt=Souviron is seen in the courtroom. Several enlargements of dental x-rays have been pinned up, and he is holding one in his hand.|Odontologist Richard Souviron explaining bite mark evidence at the Chi Omega trial (State Archives of Florida).]]

Six months later a second trial took place in [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]] for the abduction and murder of Kimberly Leach.<ref name="Bell-KimberlyLeach" /> Bundy was found guilty once again, after less than eight hours' deliberation, due principally to the testimony of an eyewitness who saw him leading Leach from the schoolyard to his stolen van.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=303}} Important material evidence included clothing fibers with an unusual manufacturing error, found in the van and on Leach's body, which matched fibers from the jacket Bundy was wearing when he was arrested.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=306–07}}

During the penalty phase of the trial, Bundy took advantage of an obscure Florida law providing that a marriage declaration in court, in the presence of a judge, constituted a legal marriage. As he was questioning former Washington State DES coworker Carole Ann Boone—who had moved to Florida to be near Bundy, had testified on his behalf during both trials, and was again testifying on his behalf as a character witness—he asked her to marry him. She accepted, and Bundy declared to the court that they were legally married.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=308–10}}<ref name="AP1981-09-30wife-pregnant" />

On February 10, 1980 Bundy was sentenced to death by electrocution for a third time.<ref>Hagood, Dick (February 10, 1980). "Bundy Jury: Death" [http://search.jacksonville.com/ ''Florida Times Union'' archive]. Retrieved 2011-08-30.</ref> As the sentence was announced he reportedly stood and shouted, "Tell the jury they were wrong!"{{sfn|Foreman|1992|p=42}} This third death sentence would be the one ultimately carried out nearly nine years later.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=7}}

In October 1982 Boone gave birth to a daughter and named Bundy as the father.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=xxxiv}}{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=56}} While [[conjugal visit]]s were not allowed at Raiford Prison, inmates were known to pool their money to bribe guards to allow them intimate time alone with their female visitors.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=xxxiv}}{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=272; Bundy, Boone, and a prison guard all told this source that the couple "took advantage on at least one visit together to consummate their relationship"}}

== Death row, confessions, and execution ==
[[File:Bundy FLA 8179.jpeg|thumb|upright|Bundy after his convictions in the Chi Omega trial]]
Shortly after the conclusion of the Leach trial and the beginning of the long appeals process that followed, Bundy initiated a series of interviews with Stephen Michaud and Hugh Aynesworth. Speaking mostly in third person to avoid "the stigma of confession", he began for the first time to divulge details of his crimes and thought processes.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|pp=15–17}}

He recounted his career as a thief, confirming Kloepfer's long-time suspicion that he had shoplifted virtually everything of substance that he owned.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|pp=37–39}} "The big payoff for me," he said, "was actually ''possessing'' whatever it was I had stolen. I really enjoyed having something ... that I had wanted and gone out and taken." Possession proved to be an important motive for rape and murder as well.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|p=41}} Sexual assault, he said, fulfilled his need to "totally possess" his victims.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|pp=102–14}} At first he killed the women "as a matter of expediency ... to eliminate the possibility of [being] caught"; but later, murder became part of the "adventure". "The ''ultimate'' possession was, in fact, the taking of the life," he said. "And then ... the physical possession of the remains."{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|pp=124–26}}

Bundy also confided in Special Agent William Hagmaier of the FBI [[Behavioral Analysis Unit]]. Hagmaier was struck by the "deep, almost mystical satisfaction" that Bundy took in murder. "He said that after a while, murder is not just a crime of lust or violence," Hagmaier related. "It becomes possession. They are part of you ... [the victim] becomes a part of you, and you [two] are forever one ... and the grounds where you kill them or leave them become sacred to you, and you will always be drawn back to them." Bundy told Hagmaier he considered himself an "amateur", an "impulsive" killer in his early years, before moving into what he called his "prime" or "predator" phase at about the time of Lynda Healy's murder in 1974. This implied that he began killing well before 1974—though he never explicitly admitted doing so.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=380–96}}

In July 1984 Raiford guards found two hacksaw blades hidden in Bundy's cell. A steel bar in one of its windows had been sawed completely through at the top and bottom and glued back in place with a homemade soap-based adhesive.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=528}}<ref name="DN-trials" /> Several months later his cell was changed again after guards found a mirror.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=532}}
[[File:Ted Bundy mug shot.jpg|thumb|left|alt=An unsmiling Bundy faces the camera. |Mug shot taken the day after sentencing for the murder of Kimberly Leach (State Archives of Florida).]]
Sometime during this period Bundy was attacked by a group of his fellow death row inmates. Though he denied having been assaulted, a number of inmates confessed to the crime, characterized by one source as a "gang rape".{{sfn|Dekle|2011|p=216}} Shortly thereafter he was charged with a disciplinary infraction for unauthorized correspondence with another high-profile criminal, [[John Hinckley, Jr.|John Hinckley, Jr]].{{sfn|Nelson|1994|pp=155–156}} In October 1984 Bundy, who by then considered himself an expert on serial killers,{{sfn|Rule|2009|p = 532}} contacted Robert Keppel and offered to share his self-proclaimed expertise in the ongoing hunt for his successor in Washington, the [[Gary Ridgway|Green River Killer]].{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p = 176}} Keppel and Green River Task Force detective [[Dave Reichert]] interviewed Bundy, but [[Gary Leon Ridgway]] remained at large for a further 17 years.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|pp = 33, 101, 135}} Keppel published a detailed documentation of the Green River interviews,{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p = }} and later collaborated with Michaud on another examination of the interview material.{{sfn|Keppel|Michaud|2011|loc = Kindle location 1690}}

In early 1986 an execution date (March 4) was set on the Chi Omega convictions; the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] issued a brief stay, but the execution was quickly rescheduled.{{sfn|Mello|1997|pp=103–104}} In April, shortly after the new date (July 2) was announced, Bundy confessed to Hagmaier and Nelson what they believed was the full range of his depredations, including details of what he did to some victims after their deaths. He told them that he revisited Taylor Mountain, Issaquah, and other secondary crime scenes, often several times, to lie with his victims and perform sexual acts with their decomposing bodies until [[putrefaction]] forced him to stop. In some cases he drove several hours each way and remained the entire night.{{sfn|Keppel|2010|loc=Kindle location 7431–98}} In Utah he applied makeup to Melissa Smith's lifeless face, and he repeatedly washed Laura Aime's hair. "If you've got time," he told Hagmaier, "they can be anything you want them to be."{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=334–35}} He decapitated approximately twelve of his victims with a hacksaw,<ref name= "timeline"/>{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=339}} and kept at least one group of severed heads—probably the four later found on Taylor Mountain (Rancourt, Parks, Ball, and Healy)—in his apartment for a period of time before disposing of them.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=378, 393}}

Less than 15 hours before the scheduled July 2 execution, the [[Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals]] stayed it indefinitely and remanded the Chi Omega case for review of multiple technicalities—including Bundy's mental competency to stand trial, and an erroneous instruction by the trial judge during the penalty phase requiring the jury to break a 6-6 tie between life imprisonment and the death penalty{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=111}}—that, ultimately, were never resolved.<ref>''Bundy v. Wainwright'', 794 F.2d 1485 (11th Cir. 1986) (decided July 2, 1986).</ref> A new date (November 18, 1986) was then set to carry out the Leach sentence; the Eleventh Circuit Court issued a stay on November 17.<ref>Wainwright v. Bundy, 479 U.S. 978 (1986) (summary order).</ref> In mid-1988 the Eleventh Circuit ruled against Bundy, and in December the Supreme Court denied a motion to review the ruling. Within hours of that final denial a firm execution date of January 24, 1989 was announced.{{sfn|Mello|1997|pp=103–106}} Bundy's journey through the appeals courts had been unusually rapid for a capital murder case: "Contrary to popular belief, the courts moved Bundy as fast as they could ... Even the prosecutors acknowledged that Bundy's lawyers never employed delaying tactics. Though people everywhere seethed at the apparent delay in executing the archdemon, Ted Bundy was actually on the fast track."{{sfn|Von Drehle|1995|p=297}}

With all appeal avenues exhausted and no further motivation to deny his crimes, Bundy agreed to speak frankly with investigators. To Keppel, he confessed to all eight of the Washington and Oregon homicides for which he was the prime suspect. He described three additional previously unknown victims in Washington and two in Oregon whom he declined to identify (if indeed he ever knew their identities).{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=337}} He said he left a fifth corpse—Donna Manson's—on Taylor Mountain,{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=516}} but incinerated her head in Kloepfer's fireplace. ("Of all the things I did to [Kloepfer]," he told Keppel, "this is probably the one she is least likely to forgive me for. Poor Liz."{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=395}}) 

He described in detail his abduction of Georgann Hawkins from the brightly lit UW alley—how he lured her to his car, clubbed and handcuffed her, drove her to Issaquah and strangled her,{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=367–78}} spent the entire night with her body, and revisited her corpse on three later occasions.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=336}}  He also admitted, for the first time, that he returned the following morning to the UW alley.  There, in the very midst of a major crime scene investigation, he located and gathered Hawkins's earrings and one of her shoes where he had left them in the adjoining parking lot and departed, unobserved.  "It was a feat so brazen," wrote Keppel, "that it astonishes police even today."{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=22}}

"He described the Issaquah crime scene [where the bones of Ott, Naslund, and Hawkins were found], and it was almost like he was just there," Keppel said. "Like he was seeing everything. He was infatuated with the idea because he spent so much time there. He is just totally consumed with murder all the time."{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=519}} Nelson's impressions were similar: "It was the absolute [[misogyny]] of his crimes that stunned me," she wrote, "his manifest rage against women. He had no compassion at all ... he was totally engrossed in the details. His murders were his life's accomplishments."{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=258}}

To detectives from Idaho, Utah, and Colorado, Bundy confessed to numerous additional homicides, including several that police had been unaware of. He explained that in Utah he could bring his victims back to his apartment, "where he could reenact scenarios depicted on the covers of detective magazines."<ref name= "timeline"/> A new ulterior strategy quickly became apparent: He withheld many details, hoping to parlay the incomplete information into yet another stay of execution. "There are other buried remains in Colorado," he admitted, but refused to elaborate.{{sfn|Keppel|2010|loc=Kindle location 7600–05}} The new strategy—immediately dubbed "Ted's bones-for-time scheme"—served only to deepen the resolve of authorities to see Bundy executed on schedule, and yielded little new detailed information.{{sfn|Von Drehle|1995|pp=352–358}} In cases where he did give details, nothing was found.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=363}} Colorado detective Matt Lindvall interpreted this as a conflict between his desire to postpone his execution by divulging information and his need to remain in "total possession—the only person who knew his victims' true resting places."{{sfn|Keppel|2010|loc=Kindle location 7550–58}}

When it became clear that no further stays would be forthcoming from the courts, Bundy supporters began lobbying for the only remaining option, executive clemency. Diana Weiner, a young Florida attorney and Bundy's last purported love interest,{{sfn|Nelson|1994|pp=136–137, 255, 302–304}} asked the families of several Colorado and Utah victims to petition Florida Governor [[Bob Martinez]] for a postponement to give Bundy time to reveal more information.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=264}} All refused.{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=518}} "The families already believed that the victims were dead and that Ted had killed them," wrote Nelson. "They didn't need his confession."{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=256}} Martinez made it clear that he would not agree to further delays in any case. "We are not going to have the system manipulated," he told reporters. "For him to be negotiating for his life over the bodies of victims is despicable."{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=335–36}}

Hagmaier was present during Bundy's final interviews with investigators. On the eve of his execution, he talked of suicide. "He did not want to give the state the satisfaction of watching him die," Hagmaier said.<ref name="Word1999-01-24" /> Ted Bundy died in the Raiford electric chair at 7:16&nbsp;a.m. [[Eastern Standard Time (North America)|EST]] on January 24, 1989. An estimated 2,000 revelers sang, danced, and set off fireworks in a pasture across the street from the prison as the execution was carried out,<ref name="Sentinel"/><ref name="2,000 Cheer"/> and then cheered loudly as the white hearse containing Bundy's body departed the prison.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|pp=311–321}} His remains were cremated in [[Gainesville, Florida|Gainesville]]{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=323}} and the ashes scattered at an undisclosed location in the [[Cascade Range]] of Washington State in accordance with his [[will (law)|will]].{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=xxxvi–xxxvii}}<ref name="Bundy'sWill"/>

== Modus operandi and victim profiles ==
[[File:Ted Bundy in court.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Bundy is seen from the side. He is wearing a striped business suit and has his hand positioned near his chin.|In court in Florida (State Archives of Florida)]]

Bundy was an unusually organized and calculating criminal who used his extensive knowledge of law enforcement methodologies to elude identification and capture for years.{{sfn|Von Drehle|1995|pp=283–285}} His crime scenes were distributed over large geographic areas; his victim count had risen to at least 20 before it became clear that numerous investigators in widely disparate jurisdictions were hunting the same man.{{sfn|Von Drehle|1995|p=285}} His assault methods of choice were blunt trauma and strangulation, two relatively silent techniques that could be accomplished with common household items.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=30}} He deliberately avoided firearms due to the noise they made and the ballistic evidence they left behind.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|p=111}} He was a "meticulous researcher" who explored his surroundings in minute detail, looking for safe sites to seize and dispose of victims.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=257}} He was unusually skilled at minimizing physical evidence.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|p=87}} His fingerprints were never found at a crime scene, nor was any other incontrovertible evidence of his guilt, a fact he repeated often during the years in which he attempted to maintain his innocence.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=16}}

Other significant obstacles for law enforcement were Bundy's generic, essentially anonymous physical features,{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=80}} and a curious [[chameleon]]-like ability to change his appearance almost at will.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=159}} Early on, police complained of the futility of showing his photograph to witnesses; he looked different in virtually every photo ever taken of him.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|p=vii}} In person, "... his expression would so change his whole appearance that there were moments that you weren't even sure you were looking at the same person," said Stewart Hanson, Jr., the judge in the DaRonch trial. "He [was] really a changeling."{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=176}} Bundy was well aware of this unusual quality and he exploited it, using subtle modifications of facial hair or hairstyle to significantly alter his appearance as necessary.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=73}} He concealed his one distinctive identifying mark, a dark mole on his neck, with turtleneck shirts and sweaters.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=241}} Even his Volkswagen Beetle proved difficult to pin down; its color was variously described by witnesses as metallic or non-metallic, tan or bronze, light brown or dark brown.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=172}}

Bundy's ''[[modus operandi]]'' evolved in organization and sophistication over time, as is typical of serial murderers, according to FBI experts.<ref name="timeline"/> Early on it consisted of forcible late-night entry followed by a violent attack with a blunt weapon on a sleeping victim. Some victims were sexually assaulted with inert objects; all were left as they lay, unconscious or dead.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=14–16}} As his methodology evolved Bundy became progressively more organized in his choice of victims and crime scenes. He would employ various ruses designed to lure his victim to the vicinity of his vehicle where he had pre-positioned a weapon, usually a crowbar. In many cases he wore a plaster cast on one leg or a sling on one arm, and sometimes hobbled on crutches, then requested assistance in carrying something to his vehicle. At other times he identified himself as a police officer or firefighter. Bundy was regarded as handsome and charismatic by his victims, traits he exploited to win their confidence.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=3–6}}{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=12}}<ref name="Time25crimes" /><ref name="CrimeMuseum-Bundy" /> "Ted lured females," Michaud wrote, "the way a lifeless silk flower can dupe a honey bee."{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=14}} Once near or inside his vehicle the victim would be overpowered, bludgeoned, and restrained with handcuffs. Most were sexually assaulted and strangled, either at the primary crime scene or (more commonly) after transport to a pre-selected secondary site, often a considerable distance away.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=12–13}} Toward the end of his spree, in Florida, perhaps under the stress of being a fugitive, he regressed to indiscriminate attacks on sleeping victims.<ref name="timeline"/>

At secondary sites he would remove and later burn the victim's clothing,{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|p=196}} or in at least one case (Julie Cunningham's) deposit them in a [[Goodwill Industries]] collection bin.{{sfn|Keppel|2010|loc=Kindle location 7481}} Bundy explained that the clothing removal was ritualistic, but also a practical matter, as it minimized the chance of leaving trace evidence at the crime scene that could implicate him.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|p=196}} (A manufacturing error in fibers from his own clothing, ironically, provided a crucial incriminating link to Kimberly Leach.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=279}}) He often revisited his secondary crime scenes to engage in acts of necrophilia,{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=334}} and to groom or dress up the cadavers.{{sfn|Keppel|2010|loc=Kindle location 7583–91, 7655}} Some victims were found wearing articles of clothing they had never worn, or nail polish that family members had never seen.<ref name="Mystique" /> He took Polaroid photos of many of his victims. "When you work hard to do something right," he told Hagmaier, "you don't want to forget it."{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=334–35}} Consumption of large quantities of alcohol was an "essential component", he told Keppel, and later Michaud; he needed to be "extremely drunk" while on the prowl{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=379}}{{sfn|Keppel|2010|loc=Kindle location 7046}} in order to "significantly diminish" his inhibitions and to "sedate" the "dominant personality" that he feared might prevent his inner "entity" from acting on his impulses.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|pp=76–77}}

All of Bundy's known victims were white females, most of middle-class backgrounds. Almost all were between the ages of 15 and 25 and most were college students. He apparently never approached anyone he might have met before.{{sfn|Von Drehle|1995|pp=283–285}} (In their last conversation before his execution, Bundy told Kloepfer he had purposely stayed away from her "when he felt the power of his sickness building in him."{{sfn|Kendall|1981|p=182}}) Rule noted that most of the identified victims had long straight hair, parted in the middle—like Stephanie Brooks, the woman who rejected him, and to whom he later became engaged and then rejected in return. Rule speculated that Bundy's animosity toward his first girlfriend triggered his protracted rampage and caused him to target victims who resembled her.{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=431–32}} Bundy dismissed this hypothesis: "[T]hey ... just fit the general criteria of being young and attractive," he told Hugh Aynesworth. "Too many people have bought this crap that all the girls were similar ... [but] almost everything was dissimilar ... physically, they were almost all different."{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|p=156}} He did concede that youth and beauty were "absolutely indispensable criteria" in his choice of victims.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|p=85}}

== Pathology ==
Bundy underwent multiple psychiatric examinations; the experts' conclusions varied. Dorothy Otnow Lewis, Professor of Psychiatry at the [[New York University School of Medicine]] and an authority on violent behavior, initially made a diagnosis of [[bipolar disorder]],{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=152}} but later changed her impression more than once.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=xiv}}{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=331}} She also suggested the possibility of a [[dissociative identity disorder|multiple personality disorder]], based on behaviors described in interviews and court testimony: A great-aunt witnessed an episode during which Bundy "... seemed to turn into another, unrecognizable person ... [she] suddenly, inexplicably found herself afraid of her favorite nephew as they waited together at a dusk-darkened train station. He had turned into a stranger."{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=154}} Lewis recounted a prison official in Tallahassee describing a similar transformation: "He said, 'He became weird on me.' He did a metamorphosis, a body and facial change, and he felt there was almost an odor emitting from him. He said, 'Almost a complete change of personality ... that was the day I was afraid of him.{{' "}}{{sfn|Nelson|1994|pp=231–232}} [[Narcissistic personality disorder]] (NPD) has also been proposed in at least one subsequent retrospective analysis.<ref>Describing Ted Bundy’s Personality and Working towards DSM-V. Douglas B. Samuel and Thomas A. Widiger. Department of Psychology at the University of Kentucky.Independent Practitioner (2007), 27 (1), pp. 20–22.</ref>

While experts found Bundy's precise diagnosis elusive, the majority of evidence pointed away from bipolar disorder or other [[Psychosis|psychoses]],<ref name="Mack1999" /> and toward [[antisocial personality disorder]] (ASPD).{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=13}}<ref name="ASPD diagnosis">{{cite book|last=Dobbert|first=Duane|title=Understanding Personality Disorders|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eBAE1Z1xaeoC&pg=PA55|accessdate=2013-07-01 |year=2007|publisher=Praeger Publishers|isbn=978-0-275-98960-6|page=55}}</ref> ASPD patients—frequently identified as "sociopaths" or "[[psychopathy|psychopaths]]"—are often outwardly charming, even charismatic; but beneath the facade there is little true personality or genuine insight.<ref name="Long" />  Most sociopaths are not demonstrably psychotic; they can readily distinguish right from wrong, but such ability has minimal effect on their behavior.<ref name="LilienfeldArkowitz2007-11-28" /> They are devoid of feelings of guilt or remorse,<ref name="Long" /> a point readily admitted by Bundy himself. "Guilt doesn't solve anything, really," he said in 1981. "It hurts you ... I guess I am in the enviable position of not having to deal with guilt."{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|p=281}} Other hallmarks include narcissism, poor judgment, and manipulative behavior. "Sociopaths," prosecutor George Dekle wrote, "are egotistical manipulators who think they can con anybody."{{sfn|Dekle|2011|p=131}} "Sometimes he manipulates even me," admitted one psychiatrist.{{sfn|Von Drehle|1995|p=288}} In the end, Lewis agreed with the majority: "I always tell my graduate students that if they can find me a real, true psychopath, I'll buy them dinner," she told Nelson. "I never thought they existed ... but I think Ted may have been one, a true psychopath, without any remorse or empathy at all."{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=316}} 

On the afternoon before he was executed Bundy granted an interview to [[James Dobson]], a psychologist and founder of the [[Evangelicalism|Christian evangelical]] organization [[Focus on the Family]].<ref name="BundyDobsonInterview" /> He used the opportunity to make new statements about violence in the media and the [[pornography|pornographic]] "roots" of his crimes. "It happened in stages, gradually," he said. "My experience with ... pornography that deals on a violent level with sexuality, is once you become addicted to it ... I would keep looking for more potent, more explicit, more graphic kinds of material. Until you reach a point where the pornography only goes so far ... where you begin to wonder if maybe actually doing it would give that which is beyond just reading it or looking at it."<ref name="Shapiro2005" /> Violence in the media, he said, "particularly sexualized violence," sent boys "down the road to being Ted Bundys."<ref name="Cline" /> The FBI, he suggested, should stake out adult movie houses and follow patrons as they leave.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=319}} "You are going to kill me," he said, "and that will protect society from me. But out there are many, many more people who are addicted to pornography, and you are doing nothing about that."<ref name="Cline" />

Multiple biographers,{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|p=320}}{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=611}}{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=401-02}} researchers,<ref>Hyatt, P (October 3, 2012): Statement Analysis: Ted Bundy's Final Interview. [http://statement-analysis.blogspot.com/2012/10/statement-analysis-ted-bundys-final.html Blogspot.com archive]. Retrieved 2013-06-18.</ref> and other observers<ref name="Goldstein" /> have concluded that Bundy's sudden condemnation of pornography was one last manipulative attempt to shift blame by catering to Dobson's agenda as a longtime anti-pornography advocate, telling him precisely what he wanted to hear.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=318}} While he asserted in the Dobson interview that detective magazines and other reading material had "corrupted" him and "fueled [his] fantasies ... to the point of becoming a serial killer", in a 1977 letter to Ann Rule he wrote, "Who in the world reads these publications? ... I have never purchased such a magazine, and [on only] two or three occasions have I ever picked one up."{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=611–12}} He told Michaud and Aynsworth in 1980, and Hagmaier the night before he spoke to Dobson, that pornography played a negligible role in his development as a serial killer.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=340}} "The problem wasn't pornography," wrote Dekle. "The problem was Bundy."{{sfn|Dekle|2011|p=219}}

[[File:Bundy & Hagmaier.jpg|thumb|right|Hagmaier and Bundy during their final Death Row interview on January 23, 1989.]]

Rule and Aynesworth both noted that, for Bundy, the fault always lay with someone or something else. While he eventually confessed to 30 murders, he never accepted responsibility for any of them, even when offered that opportunity prior to the Chi Omega trial—which would have averted the death penalty.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=603–04}} He deflected blame onto a wide variety of scapegoats, including his abusive grandfather, the absence of his biological father, the concealment of his true parentage, alcohol, the media, the police (whom he accused of planting evidence), "society" in general, violence on television, and ultimately, true crime periodicals and pornography.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|pp=216–22, 250}} He blamed television programming—which he watched mostly on sets that he had stolen—for "brainwashing" him into stealing credit cards.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=404}} On at least one occasion he even tried to [[Victim blaming|blame his victims]]: "I have known people who ... radiate vulnerability," he wrote in a 1977 letter to Kloepfer. "Their facial expressions say 'I am afraid of you'. These people invite abuse ... By expecting to be hurt, do they subtly encourage it?"{{sfn|Kendall|1981|p=167}}

A significant element of delusion permeated his thinking: <blockquote>"Bundy was always surprised when anyone noticed that one of his victims was missing, because he imagined America to be a place where everyone is invisible except to themselves. And he was always astounded when people testified that they had seen him in incriminating places, because Bundy did not believe people noticed each other."{{sfn|Von Drehle|1995|pp=288–289}}</blockquote> 
"I don't know why everyone is out to get me," he complained to Lewis. "He really and truly did not have any sense of the enormity of what he had done," she said.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=340}} "A long-term serial killer erects powerful barriers to his guilt," Keppel wrote, "walls of denial that can sometimes never be breached."{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|p=xi}}

== Victims ==
Bundy confessed to 30 homicides, but the true total remains unknown. Published estimates have run as high as 100 or more,<ref>Douglas, CR (May 23, 2012). Ted Bundy's lawyer: Bundy killed more than 100 women -- and a man. [http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2012-05-23/news/kcpq-bundys-lawyer-he-killed-over-100-women--and-a-man-20120523_1_ted-bundy-serial-killers-murder Orlando ''Sentinel'' archive]. Retrieved 2013-11-11.</ref> and Bundy occasionally made cryptic comments to encourage that speculation.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=257}} He told Hugh Aynesworth in 1980 that for every murder "publicized", there "could be one that was not."{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=199}} When FBI agents proposed a total tally of 36, Bundy responded, "Add one digit to that, and you'll have it."{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=335}} Years later he told attorney Polly Nelson that the common estimate of 35 was accurate,{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=257}} but Robert Keppel wrote that "[Ted] and I both knew [the total] was much higher."{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=399–400}} "I don't think even he knew ... how many he killed, or why he killed them," said Rev. Fred Lawrence, the Methodist clergyman who administered Bundy's last rites. "That was my impression, my strong impression."{{sfn|Von Drehle|1995|p=363}}

On the evening before his execution, Bundy reviewed his victim tally with Bill Hagmaier on a state-by-state basis:{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=339}}
* Eleven in Washington (including Parks, abducted in Oregon but killed in Washington), three of them unidentified
* Eight in Utah (three unidentified)
* Three in Colorado
* Three in Florida
* Two in Oregon (both unidentified)
* Two in Idaho (one unidentified)
* One in California (unidentified)

The following is a chronological summary of the 20 identified victims and five identified survivors:

=== 1974 ===

==== Washington, Oregon ====
* '''January 4:''' Karen Sparks (often identified as Joni Lenz in Bundy literature) (age 18): Bludgeoned and sexually assaulted in her bed as she slept;{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=28}} survived{{sfn|Sullivan|2009|p=14}}{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=57}}
* '''February 1:''' Lynda Ann Healy (21): Bludgeoned while asleep and abducted;{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=60–62}} skull and mandible recovered at Taylor Mountain site{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=25–30}}
* '''March 12:''' Donna Gail Manson (19): Abducted while walking to a concert at The Evergreen State College; body left (according to Bundy) at Taylor Mountain site, but never found{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=516}}
* '''April 17:''' Susan Elaine Rancourt (18): Disappeared after attending an evening advisors' meeting at Central Washington State College;{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=42–46}}{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=31–33}} skull and mandible recovered at Taylor Mountain site{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=25–30}}
* '''May 6:''' Roberta Kathleen Parks (22): Vanished from Oregon State University in Corvallis; skull and mandible recovered at Taylor Mountain site{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=25–30}}
* '''June 1:''' Brenda Carol Ball (22): Disappeared after leaving the Flame Tavern in Burien;{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=75–76}} skull and mandible recovered at Taylor Mountain site{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=25–30}}
* '''June 11:''' Georgann (often misspelled "Georgeann"{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=37}})  Hawkins (18): Abducted from an alley behind her sorority house, UW;{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=82}} skeletal remains recovered at Issaquah site{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=18}}
* '''July 14:''' Janice Ann Ott (23): Abducted from Lake Sammamish State Park in broad daylight;{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=3–6}} skeletal remains recovered at Issaquah site{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=8–15}}
* '''July 14:''' Denise Marie Naslund (19): Abducted four hours after Ott from the same park;{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=99–101}} skeletal remains recovered at Issaquah site{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=8–15}}

==== Utah, Colorado, Idaho ====
* '''October 2:''' Nancy Wilcox (16): Ambushed, assaulted, and strangled in Holladay, Utah;{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=91}} body buried (according to Bundy) near Capitol Reef National Park, {{convert|200|mi}} south of Salt Lake City, but never found<ref name="Psychics" />
* '''October 18:''' Melissa Anne Smith (17): Vanished from Midvale, Utah; body found in nearby mountainous area{{sfn|Sullivan|2009|p=96}}
* '''October 31:''' Laura Ann Aime (17): Disappeared from Lehi, Utah; body discovered by hikers in American Fork Canyon<ref name="Bell-KillingSpree" />
* '''November 8:''' Carol DaRonch (18): Attempted abduction in Murray, Utah; escaped from Bundy's car and survived{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=93–95}}
* '''November 8:''' Debra Kent (17): Vanished after leaving a school play in Bountiful, Utah; body left (according to Bundy) near [[Fairview, Utah]], {{convert|100|mi}} south of Bountiful; minimal skeletal remains (one [[patella]]) found, but never positively identified as Kent's<ref name="Schulte2006" />

=== 1975 ===
* '''January 12:''' Caryn Campbell (23): Disappeared from hotel hallway in Snowmass, Colorado;{{sfn|Rule|1989|p=126}} body discovered on a dirt road near the hotel{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=132–36}}
* '''March 15:''' Julie Cunningham (26): Disappeared on the way to a tavern in Vail, Colorado;{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=402–07}} body buried (according to Bundy) near Rifle, {{convert|90|mi}} west of Vail, but never found<ref name="Jackson2002" />
* '''April 6:''' Denise Oliverson (25): Abducted while bicycling to her parents' house in Grand Junction, Colorado;{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=110}} body thrown (according to Bundy) into the [[Colorado River]] {{convert|5|mi}} west of Grand Junction,{{sfn|Keppel|2010|loc=Kindle location 9046}} but never found<ref name="CBIColdCase1"/>
* '''May 6:''' Lynette Culver (12): Abducted from Alameda Junior High School in Pocatello, Idaho;{{sfn|Sullivan|2009|pp=137–38}} body thrown (according to Bundy) into what authorities believe to be the Snake River, but never found<ref name="Culver"/>
* '''June 28:''' Susan Curtis (15): Disappeared during a youth conference at Brigham Young University;{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=343}} body buried (according to Bundy) near [[Price, Utah]], {{convert|75|mi}} southeast of Provo, but never found{{sfn|Keppel|2010|loc=Kindle location 9040}}

=== 1978 ===

==== Florida ====
* '''January 15:''' Margaret Bowman (21): Bludgeoned and then strangled as she slept, Chi Omega sorority, FSU (no secondary crime scene){{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=334–43}}
* '''January 15:''' Lisa Levy (20): Bludgeoned, strangled and sexually assaulted as she slept, Chi Omega sorority, FSU (no secondary crime scene){{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=334–43}}
* '''January 15:''' Karen Chandler (21): Bludgeoned as she slept, Chi Omega sorority, FSU; survived{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=334–43}}
* '''January 15:''' Kathy Kleiner (21): Bludgeoned as she slept, Chi Omega sorority, FSU; survived{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=334–43}}
* '''January 15:''' Cheryl Thomas (21): Bludgeoned as she slept, eight blocks from Chi Omega; survived{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=334–43}}
* '''February 9:''' Kimberly Diane Leach (12): Abducted from her junior high school in Lake City, Florida;{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=319}} skeletal remains found near Suwannee River State Park<ref name="FL-HighwayPatrol" />

=== Other possible victims ===
Bundy remains a suspect in several unsolved homicides, and may be responsible for others that will never be identified: In 1987 he confided to Keppel that there were "some murders" that he would "never talk about", because they were committed "too close to home", "too close to family", or involved "victims who were very young".{{sfn|Keppel|2010|loc=Kindle location 7375}}
* Eight-year-old Ann Marie Burr vanished from her Tacoma home on August 31, 1961<ref name="NamUS4593" /> when Bundy was 14. The Burr house was on Bundy's newspaper delivery route. The victim's father was certain that he saw Bundy in a ditch at a construction site on the nearby UPS campus the morning his daughter disappeared.<ref>Morris, R. Ted and Ann - The Mystery of a Missing Child and Her Neighbor Ted Bundy. New York, True Books, 2nd edition (November 16, 2013), ISBN 1484925084, Kindle location 484. Retrieved 2014-03-04.</ref> Other circumstantial evidence implicates him as well, but detectives familiar with the case have never agreed on the likelihood of his involvement.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=387}} Bundy repeatedly denied culpability and wrote a letter of denial to the Burr family in 1986;{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=623}} but Keppel has observed that Burr fits all three of Bundy's "no discussion" categories of "too close to home", "too close to family", and "very young".{{sfn|Keppel|2010|loc=Kindle location 7375}} Forensic testing of material evidence from the Burr crime scene, in 2011, yielded insufficient intact DNA sequences for comparison with Bundy's.<ref name="BurrDNA" />
* Flight attendants Lisa E. Wick and Lonnie Trumbull, both 20, were bludgeoned with a piece of lumber as they slept in their basement apartment in Seattle's Queen Anne Hill district on June 23, 1966<ref name="SpokaneDaily" /> near the [[Safeway Inc.|Safeway]] store where Bundy worked at the time, and where the women regularly shopped. Trumbull died. In retrospect, Keppel noted many similarities to the Chi Omega crime scene.{{sfn|Keppel|2010|loc=Kindle location 7135}} Wick, who suffered permanent memory loss as a result of the attack, later contacted Ann Rule: "I know that it was Ted Bundy who did that to us," she wrote, "but I can't tell you how I know."{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=509}} Bundy denied involvement, and no direct evidence implicates him.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=386}}
* Vacationing college friends Susan Davis and Elizabeth Perry, both 19, were stabbed to death on May 30, 1969.<ref name="DailyNews" /> Their car was found that day abandoned beside the [[Garden State Parkway]] outside [[Somers Point, New Jersey]], near Atlantic City, {{convert|60|mi}} south of Philadelphia; and their bodies—one nude, one fully clothed—were found in nearby woods three days later.<ref name="Free Lance" /> Bundy attended Temple University from January through May, 1969 and apparently did not move west until after Memorial Day weekend. While Bundy's accounts of his earliest crimes varied considerably between interviews, he told forensic psychologist Art Norman that his first murder victims were two women in the Philadelphia area.<ref name="DailyNews" /> Biographer Richard Larsen believed that Bundy committed the murders using his feigned-injury ruse, based on an investigator's interview with Julia, Bundy's aunt: Ted, she said, was wearing a leg cast due to an automobile accident on the weekend of the homicides, and therefore could not have traveled from Philadelphia to the [[New Jersey Shore|Jersey Shore]]; there is no official record of any such accident.<ref name="'69 Killings3" /> Bundy is considered a "strong suspect", but the case remains open.<ref name="'69 Killings3" />
* Rita Curran, a 24-year-old elementary school teacher and part-time motel maid, was murdered in her basement apartment on July 19, 1971 in Burlington, Vermont; she had been strangled, bludgeoned and raped.{{sfn|Rule|1989|pp=416–17}} The location of the motel where she worked (adjacent to Bundy's birthplace, the Elizabeth Lund Home for Unwed Mothers) and similarities to known Bundy crime scenes led retired FBI agent John Bassett to propose him as a suspect.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=505–08}} No evidence firmly places Bundy in Burlington on that date, but municipal records note that a person named "Bundy" was bitten by a dog that week,{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=508}} and long stretches of Bundy's time—including the summer of 1971—remain unaccounted for.<ref name="timeline"/> Curran's murder officially remains unsolved.
* Joyce LePage, 21, was last seen on July 22, 1971 on the campus of [[Washington State University]], where she was an undergraduate. Nine months later her skeletal remains were found wrapped in carpeting and military blankets, bound with rope, in a deep ravine south of [[Pullman, Washington]]. Multiple suspects—including Bundy—have "never been cleared", according to investigators.<ref>Johnson, David (February 9, 2009). "Swept under the rug: WSU student's remains found nine months after carpet reported missing from dorm." [http://media.spokesman.com/documents/2009/02/Document2____.pdf MediaSpokesman.com archive]. Retrieved 2012-12-28.</ref> [[Whitman County, Washington|Whitman County]] authorities have said that Bundy remains a suspect.<ref name="list" />
* Rita Lorraine Jolly, 17, disappeared from [[West Linn, Oregon]] on June 29, 1973;<ref name="NamUS7780" /> Vicki Lynn Hollar, 24, disappeared from [[Eugene, Oregon]] on August 20, 1973.<ref name="NamUS9265" /> Bundy confessed to two homicides in Oregon without identifying the victims. Oregon detectives suspected that they were Jolly and Hollar, but were unable to obtain interview time with Bundy to confirm it. Both women remain classified as missing.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=338}}
* Katherine Merry Devine, 14, was abducted on November 25, 1973, and her body was found the next month in the [[Capitol State Forest]] near Olympia, Washington.<ref name="AP2002-07-30" /> Brenda Joy Baker, 14, was seen hitchhiking near [[Puyallup, Washington]] on May 27, 1974; her body was found in [[Millersylvania State Park]] a month later.<ref name="list" /><ref name="'73slaying" /> Though Bundy was widely believed responsible for both murders, he told Keppel that he had no knowledge of either case.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=257–62}}{{sfn|Keppel|2010|loc=Kindle location 7118}} DNA analysis led to the arrest and conviction of William E. Cosden for Devine's murder in 2002.<ref name="AP2002-07-30" /> The Baker homicide remains unsolved.
* Sandra Jean Weaver, 19, a [[Wisconsin]] native who had been living in [[Tooele, Utah]], was last seen in Salt Lake City on July 1, 1974; her nude body was discovered the following day near Grand Junction, Colorado.<ref name="Tie-in" /> Sources conflict on whether Bundy mentioned Weaver's name during the Death Row interviews.<ref name="Unclear" /> Her murder remains unsolved.<ref name="Follow up" />
* Carol L. Valenzuela, 20, was last seen hitchhiking near [[Vancouver, Washington]], on August 2, 1974. Her remains were discovered two months later in a shallow grave south of Olympia, along with those of another female later identified as Martha Morrison, 17 (last seen in Eugene, Oregon on September 1, 1974).<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.columbian.com/news/2015/jul/13/vancouver-murder-victim-remains-martha-morrison/ | title = Remains of homicide victim found near Vancouver identified after 41 years | date=2015-07-13 | accessdate=2015-07-15}}</ref>  Both victims had long hair parted in the middle.<ref name="Vronsky2004" /> In August 1974 Bundy drove from Seattle to Salt Lake City and could have passed through Vancouver and Eugene en route, but there is no evidence that he did. Both cases remain open.<ref name="Lohr2010-05-29" /> 
* Melanie Suzanne "Suzy" Cooley, 18, disappeared on April 15, 1975, after leaving Nederland High School in [[Nederland, Colorado]], {{convert|50|mi}} northwest of Denver.<ref name="CBIColdCase2"/> Her bludgeoned and strangled corpse was discovered by road maintenance workers two weeks later in Coal Creek Canyon, {{convert|20|mi}} away. While gas receipts place Bundy in nearby [[Golden, Colorado|Golden]] on the day Cooley disappeared<ref name="HolmesHolmes" /> and Cooley is included on the list of Bundy victims in most Bundy literature, Jefferson County authorities say the evidence is inconclusive and continue to treat her homicide as a [[cold case (criminology)|cold case]].<ref name="JeffersonCo-ColdCases" />
* Shelly (or Shelley) Kay Robertson, 24, failed to show up for work in Golden, Colorado on July 1, 1975. Her nude, decomposed body was found in August, {{convert|500|ft}} inside a mine on [[Berthoud Pass]] near [[Winter Park Resort]] by two mining students.<ref name="CBIColdCase3"/> Gas station receipts place Bundy in the area at the time, but there is no direct evidence of his involvement; the case remains open.{{sfn|Rule|2009|pp=162–63}}
* Nancy Perry Baird, 23, disappeared from the service station where she worked in [[Farmington, Utah]], {{convert|20|mi}} north of Salt Lake City, on July 4, 1975 and remains classified as a missing person.<ref name="Baird"/><ref name="NamUS11575" /> Bundy specifically denied involvement in this case during the Death Row interviews.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=340}}
* Debbie Smith, 17, was last seen in Salt Lake City in early February, 1976, shortly before the DaRonch trial began; her body was found near the [[Salt Lake City International Airport]] on April 1, 1976.<ref name="SunSentinel2"/> Though listed as a Bundy victim by some sources, her murder remains officially unsolved.{{sfn|Rule|2009|p=599}}
Minutes before his execution, Hagmaier queried Bundy about unsolved homicides in New Jersey, Illinois, Vermont (the Curran case), Texas, and Miami, Florida. Bundy denied involvement in any of them.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=343–44}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|20em|refs=
<ref name="BundyAppealBrief">
{{cite web
|title = 1982 Bundy appeal brief
|format = PDF
|date = 1982-12-15
|page = 11
|publisher = Supreme Court of Florida
|work = law.fsu.edu
|url = http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/flsupct/59128/59128ini.pdf
|accessdate = 2010-07-14
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Time25crimes">
{{cite journal
|last = Chua-Eoan
|first = Howard
|title = Top 25 Crimes of the Century
|journal = ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''
|issn = 0040-781X
|publisher = Time Inc
|year = 2007
|url = http://www.time.com/time/2007/crimes/14.html
|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20110119155725/http://www.time.com/time/2007/crimes/14.html
|accessdate = 2012-05-06
|archivedate = 2011-01-19
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Hare1999">
{{cite book
|last = Hare
|first = Robert D.
|authorlink = Robert D. Hare
|title = Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopath Among Us
|year = 1999
|publisher = The Guildford Press
|location = New York
|page = 23
|isbn = 978-1-57230-451-2
|ref = harv
}}
</ref>

<ref name="akaLeslieHolland">
Also known as Leslie Holland ({{harvnb|Foreman|1992|p=15}}), Susan Phillips ({{harvnb|Kendall|1981|p=99}}), and Marjorie Russell ({{harvnb|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|p=161}}).
</ref>

<ref name="Ellensburg1973-08-30">
{{cite news
|title = Evans' man followed Rosy
|date = 1973-08-30
|newspaper = [[Ellensburg Daily Record]]
|agency = UPI
|url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cjcQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Ao8DAAAAIBAJ&dq=theodore-bundy&pg=6225%2C3131787
|accessdate = 2011-04-24
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Spokesman-Review">
{{cite news
|title = The Bundy Case: There are a lot of strange coincidences concerning the life of Ted Bundy
|date = 1979-08-20
|newspaper = [[The Spokesman-Review]]
|url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19790820&id=Z_QjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=K-4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4087,2904709
|accessdate = 2012-04-17
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Michaud-trutv">
{{cite web
|last = Michaud
|first = Stephen G
|title = The Only Living Witness: The True Story Of Ted Bundy
|work = True TV Crime Library: Criminal Minds and Methods
|publisher = [[Turner Broadcasting System]]
|url = http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/criminal_mind/psychology/witness/21.html
|accessdate = 2011-04-24
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Kennicott-wapo">
{{cite news
|last = Kennicott
|first = Philip
|title = Ted Bundy's VW goes on display at D.C. crime museum, but should it?
|date = 2010-02-19
|newspaper = [[Washington Post]]
|issn =0190-8286
|url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/18/AR2010021803532.html
|accessdate = 2011-04-24
}}
</ref>

<ref name="CrimeMuseum-car">
{{cite web
|title = Ted Bundy's Car at National Museum of Crime and Punishment
|year = 2008
|publisher = [[National Museum of Crime & Punishment]]
|work = CrimeMuseum.org
|url = http://www.crimemuseum.org/Ted_Bundy_Car
|accessdate = 2011-04-24
}}
</ref>

<ref name="CrimeMuseum-Bundy">
{{cite web
|title = Ted Bundy
|year = 2008
|publisher = National Museum of Crime & Punishment
|work = CrimeMuseum.org
|url = http://www.crimemuseum.org/Ted_Bundy
|accessdate = 2011-04-24
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Smith1979">
{{cite news
|last = Smith
|first = Stephen C.
|title = Momma's boy to murder: Saga of Ted Bundy
|newspaper = [[Lakeland Ledger]]
|agency = Associated Press
|date = 1979-08-19
|page = 4B
|url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xbMwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-PoDAAAAIBAJ&dq=ted%20bundy%20mormon&pg=6890%2C1373449
|accessdate = 2011-04-24
|quote = Morgan said Bundy was raised as a Lutheran but was baptized into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Utah in August 1975.
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Bennett-Connaughton1978">
{{cite news
|last = Bennett
|first = Roger
|last2 = Connaughton
|first2 = Ken
|title = Mass murderer or scapegoat?: Bundy evidence can't back theories
|newspaper = [[Ellensburg Daily Record]]
|agency = UPI
|page = 18
|date = 1978-04-14
|accessdate = 2011-04-24
|url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ym9UAAAAIBAJ&sjid=N48DAAAAIBAJ&dq=ted%20bundy%20mormon&pg=6639%2C915017
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Bell-KillingSpree">
{{cite web
|last = Bell
|first = Rachael
|title = Ted Bundy: Killing Spree
|work = True TV Crime Library: Criminal Minds and Methods
|publisher = Turner Broadcasting System
|url = http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/bundy/5.html
|accessdate = 2011-05-01
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Deseret1977">
{{cite news
|title = Utah county still looking for two women's killers
|newspaper = The Deseret News
|agency = AP
|url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19771216&id=Q1AOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z4ADAAAAIBAJ&pg=3420,365710
|date = 1977-12-16
|accessdate = 2012-05-04
}}
</ref>

<ref name="map-Murray2Bountiful">
{{cite web
|title = Bing Maps; Murray to Bountiful
|work = bing.com
|publisher = Microsoft
|url = http://www.bing.com/maps/default.aspx?wip=2&v=2&rtp=~&FORM=MSNH#JnJ0cD1wb3MucXM5OWd3NXA4YzkzX011cnJheSUyYytVVF9fX2VfJTdlcG9zLnF0ZDd3NjVwOTNtbl9Cb3VudGlmdWwlMmMrVVRfX19lXyZydG9wPTAlN2Uw
|accessdate = 2011-04-24
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Gehrke2000">
{{cite news
|last = Gehrke
|first = Robert
|title = Officer recalls Bundy's '75 capture
|date = 2000-08-20
|newspaper = [[Deseret News]]
|agency = Associated Press
|url = http://www.deseretnews.com/article/778245/Officer-recalls-Bundys-75-capture.html
|accessdate = 2011-04-24
}}
</ref>

<ref name="ChiOmegaKiller">
{{cite news
|title = Nation: The Case of the Chi Omega Killer
|publisher = ''Time'' magazine
|date = 1979-07-16
|work = www.time.com
|url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,920498-2,00.html
|accessdate = 2011-07-05
}}
</ref>

<ref name="EveningIndependent">
{{cite news
|last1 = Miller
|first1 = Gene
|last2 = Buchanan
|first2 = James
|title = A "Cool" Bundy&nbsp;– Friends Of Two Murdered Sorority Sisters Testify As Pace Of Trial Picks Up
|date = 1979-07-10
|newspaper = [[Evening Independent]]
|url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19790710&id=JAEMAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2VgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6424,1831474
|accessdate = 2011-07-06
}}
</ref>

<ref name="pensacolapolice">
{{cite web
|title = Pensacola Police Make a Mark in History
|publisher = Pensacola Police Department
|work = pensacolapolice.com
|url = http://www.pensacolapolice.com/details.asp?pid=2482#Pensacola%20Police%20Make%20a%20Mark%20in%20History
|accessdate = 2011-04-24
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Word1999-01-24">
{{cite news
|last = Word
|first = Ron
|title = Survivors Are Haunted By Memory Of Ted Bundy 10 Years After Execution
|date = 1999-01-24
|newspaper = [[Seattle Times]]
|agency = Associated Press
|url = http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19990124&slug=2940372
|accessdate = 2011-04-25
}}
</ref>

<ref name="St.Petersburg1">
{{cite news
|last = McMahon
|first = Patrick
|title = Nita Neary tells jury Bundy is man she saw leaving Chi Omega
|date = 1979-07-18
|newspaper = [[St. Petersburg Times]]
|url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19790718&id=pxQOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=TXwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5384,1036952
|accessdate = 2011-07-06
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Bell-KimberlyLeach">
{{cite web
|last = Bell
|first = Rachael
|title = Ted Bundy: The Kimberly Leach Trial
|work = True TV Crime Library: Criminal Minds and Methods
|publisher = Turner Broadcasting System
|url = http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/bundy/15.html
|accessdate = 2011-05-01
}}
</ref>

<ref name="AP1981-09-30wife-pregnant">
{{cite news
|title = Bundy's wife is pregnant&nbsp;– but she refuses to kiss, tell
|date = 1981-09-30
|newspaper = Deseret News
|agency = Associated Press
|url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19810930&id=uPknAAAAIBAJ&sjid=u4MDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6906,4332847
|accessdate = 2011-04-25
}}
</ref>

<ref name="DN-trials">
{{cite news
|title = The Trials of Ted Bundy
|date = 1989-01-24
|newspaper = Deseret News
|publisher =
|url = http://www.deseretnews.com/article/32025/THE-TRIALS-OF-TED-BUNDY.html?pg=1
|accessdate = 2011-04-28
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Mystique">
{{cite news
|last = Enns
|first = Gregory
|title = Bundy's mystique lives on
|date = 1989-05-21
|newspaper = [[Anchorage Daily News]]
|url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1828&dat=19890521&id=ED8eAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fcAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2797,2126506
|accessdate = 2012-05-06
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Sentinel">
{{cite news
|title = Bundy Finally Draws Cheers: Hundreds Celebrate Execution
|date = 1989-01-25
|newspaper = [[Orlando Sentinel]]
|url = http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1989-01-25/news/8901250246_1_ted-bundy-electric-chair-death-row
|accessdate = 2011-07-19
}}
</ref>

<ref name="2,000 Cheer">
{{cite news
|title = 2,000 Cheer Execution of Killer Bundy; `Thank God, It's Finally Over'
|date = 1989-01-25
|newspaper = [[Washington Post]]
|url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1170806.html
|accessdate = 2013-01-19
}}{{Subscription required|via=[[HighBeam Research]]}}
</ref>

<ref name="Bundy'sWill">
{{cite news
|title = Bundy's WIll Requests Cremation and Scattering of Ashes in Washington
|date = 1989-01-26
|newspaper = Deseret News
|agency = AP
|url = http://www.deseretnews.com/article/32184/BUNDYS-WILL-REQUESTS-CREMATION-AND-SCATTERING-OF-ASHES-IN-WASHINGTON.html?pg=all
|accessdate = 2012-01-03
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Mack1999">
{{cite book
|last = Mack
|first = Raneta Lawson
|title = A Layperson's Guide to Criminal Law
|page = 136
|year = 1999
|publisher = Greenwood
|location = Westport, Conn
|isbn = 978-0-313-30556-6
|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=qYgKO18W-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A9780313305566&pg=PA136#v=onepage&q&f=false
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Long">
{{cite web
|last = Long
|first = Phillip W., M.D
|title = Antisocial Personality Disorder: World Health Organization ICD-10
|work = www.mentalhealth.com
|publisher = World Health Organization
|url = http://www.mentalhealth.com/icd/p22-pe04.html
|accessdate = 2011-04-30
}}
</ref>

<ref name="LilienfeldArkowitz2007-11-28">
{{cite journal
|last = Lilienfeld
|first = Scott O.
|last2 = Arkowitz
|first2 = Hal
|title = What "Psychopath" Means: It is not quite what you may think
|journal = [[Scientific American]]
|issn = 0036-8733
|issue = December
|date = 2007-11-28
|url = http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-psychopath-means
|accessdate = 2011-04-30
}}
</ref>

<ref name="BundyDobsonInterview">
{{cite web
|last = Bundy
|first = Ted
|last2 = Dobson
|first2 = Dr. James
|title = Final Interview with Dr. James Dobson
|date = 1989-01-24
|publisher = [[Focus on the Family]]
|work = pureintimacy.org
|url = http://www.pureintimacy.org/piArticles/A000000433.cfm
|accessdate = 2011-04-30
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Shapiro2005">
{{cite book
|last = Shapiro
|first = Ben
|title = Porn Generation
|year = 2005
|page = 160
|publisher = Regnery Publishing
|location = Washington, D.C.
|isbn = 0-89526-016-6
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Cline">
{{cite web
|last = Cline
|first = Victor B., Ph.D
|title = Pornography's Effects on Adults and Children
|work = obscenitycrimes.org
|publisher = Morality in Media, Inc
|url = http://obscenitycrimes.org/clineart.cfm
|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080803161208/http://www.obscenitycrimes.org/clineart.cfm
|archivedate = 2008-08-03
|accessdate = 2011-04-30
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Goldstein">
{{cite news
|last = Goldstein
|first = Al
|authorlink = Al Goldstein
|title = The Perversion of Truth Continues in Alleging a Porn-Crime Link.
|date = 1989-02-08
|publisher = LA Times
|url = http://articles.latimes.com/1989-02-08/local/me-1920_1_ted-bundy
|accessdate = 2013-06-18
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Psychics">
{{cite news
|title = Psychics Join Search
|date = 1989-04-25
|newspaper = Orlando Sentinel
|url = http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1989-04-25/news/8904255222_1_killer-ted-bundy-wayne-county-salt-lake
|accessdate = 2012-05-03
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Schulte2006">
{{cite news
|last = Schulte
|first = Scott
|title = When evil walked our streets
|date = 2006-11-20
|newspaper = Davis County Clipper
|url = http://davisclipper.com/view/full_story/149302/article-When-evil-walked-our-streets?
|accessdate = 2012-05-06
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Jackson2002">
{{cite book
|last = Jackson
|first = Steve
|title = No Stone Unturned: The Story of NecroSearch International
|year = 2002
|pages = 75–90
|publisher = Kensington Books
|location = New York
|isbn = 978-1-57566-456-9
}}
</ref>

<ref name="CBIColdCase1">
{{cite web
|title = Colorado Bureau of Investigation Cold Case Files: Denise Oliverson
|work = CBI
|url = https://www.colorado.gov/apps/coldcase/casedetail.html?id=3683
|accessdate = 2011-12-22
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Moscow">
{{cite news
|title = Pocatello police believe woman was Bundy victim
|newspaper = Moscow-Pullman Daily News
|url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=z5QrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3tAFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3400,921355&dq/
|date = 1989-02-09
|accessdate = 2013-06-10
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Culver">
{{cite news
|title = Interview Identifies Victim, 12, In Idaho
|newspaper = Orlando Sentinel
|url = http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1989-01-25/news/8901250256_1_bundy-pocatello-girl
|date = 1989-01-25
|accessdate = 2012-05-03
}}
</ref>

<ref name="CBIColdCase2">
{{cite web
|title = Colorado Bureau of Investigation Cold Case Files: Melanie Suzanne Cooley
|work = CBI
|url = https://www.colorado.gov/apps/coldcase/casedetail.html?id=1337
|accessdate = 2011-12-27
}}
</ref>

<ref name="CBIColdCase3">
{{cite web
|title = Colorado Bureau of Investigation Cold Case Files: Shelly Robertson
|work = CBI
|url = https://www.colorado.gov/apps/coldcase/casedetail.html?id=308
|accessdate = 2012-05-02
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Baird">
{{cite web
|title = Utah Department of Public Safety: Utah's Missing Persons
|work = UDPS
|url = http://publicsafety.utah.gov/bci/UTAHmissingpersons.html#baird
|accessdate = 2012-01-24
}}
</ref>

<ref name="NamUS11575">
{{cite web
|url = https://www.findthemissing.org/en/cases/11575/6/
|title = NamUS Missing Persons Database: Nancy Perry Baird
|publisher = National Missing and Unidentified Persons System
|accessdate = 2012-05-02
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Vronsky2004">
{{cite book
|last = Vronsky
|first = Peter
|title = Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters
|year = 2004
|page = 132
|publisher = Berkley Books
|location = New York
|isbn = 978-0-425-19640-3
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Lohr2010-05-29">
{{cite web
|url = http://www.aolnews.com/2010/05/29/dna-clue-may-end-38-year-mystery-and-a-sisters-pain/
|last = Lohr
|first = David
|title = DNA Clue May End 38-Year Mystery, and a Sister's Pain
|publisher = AOL News
|work = aolnews.com
|date = 2010-05-29
|accessdate = 2011-04-30
}}
</ref>

<ref name="HolmesHolmes">
{{cite book
|last = Holmes
|first = Ronald M.
|last2 = Holmes
|first2 = Stephen T.
|title = Profiling Violent Crimes: An Investigative Tool
|year = 1989
|page = 76
|publisher = Sage Publications
|location = Newbury Park, California
|isbn = 978-0-8039-3681-2
}}
</ref>

<ref name="JeffersonCo-ColdCases">
{{cite web
|title = Cold Cases
|publisher = Jefferson County, Colorado, Sheriff's Office
|url = http://jeffco.us/sheriff/sheriff_T62_R60.htm
|accessdate = 2012-05-06
}}
</ref>

<ref name="SunSentinel2">
{{cite news
|title = Confessed mass murderer Bundy showed remorse
|date = 1989-01-24
|newspaper = Sun-Sentinel
|url = http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1989-01-24/news/8901040963_1_colorado-investigators-execution-appeal/3
|accessdate = 2011-12-20
}}
</ref>

<ref name="AP2002-07-30">
{{cite news
|title = Man sentenced to life in prison for 1973 murder
|agency = Associated Press
|newspaper = Seattle Times
|date = 2002-07-30
|url = http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20020730&slug=webdna30
|accessdate = 2011-04-30
}}
</ref>

<ref name="list">
{{cite news
|title = A list of women Bundy has confessed to killing
|agency = Associated Press
|date = 1989-01-25
|url = http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1989/A-List-of-Women-Bundy-Has-Confessed-to-Killing-With-PM-Bundy-Bjt/id-c114d74d1a8a8d46d0a7bab7e35ca980
|accessdate = 2012-12-29
}}
</ref>

<ref name="'73slaying">
{{cite news
|title = Prisoner charged in teen girl's '73 slaying
|newspaper = Seattle Times
|date = 2002-03-09
|url = http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20020309&slug=oldmurder09m
|deadurl=no |accessdate=2014-04-11
 |first=Ian
 |last=Ith
}}
</ref>

<ref name="FL-HighwayPatrol">
{{cite web
|url = http://www.flhsmv.gov/fhp/html/story3b.html
|title = The History of the Florida Highway Patrol 1972–1982
|publisher = Florida Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
|work = flhsmv.gov
|accessdate = 2011-04-30
}}
</ref>

<ref name="NamUS4593">
{{cite web
|url = https://www.findthemissing.org/en/cases/4593/4/
|title = NamUS Missing Persons Database: Ann Marie Burr
|publisher = [[National Missing and Unidentified Persons System]]
|accessdate = 2012-04-27
}}
</ref>

<ref name="BurrDNA">
{{cite news
|last = David
|first = Lohr
|title = DNA Evidence Fails To Link Ted Bundy To Ann Marie Burr
|url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/05/ann-marie-burr-ted-bundy_n_996660.html
|publisher = [[The Huffington Post]]
|date = 2011-10-05
|accessdate = 2012-12-29
}}
</ref>

<ref name="SpokaneDaily">
{{cite news
|url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=eGVYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rfcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6712,6268452&hl=en
|title = Coast Stewardess Fatally Beaten
|newspaper = [[Spokane Daily Chronicle]]
|date = 1966-06-22
|accessdate = 2012-05-03
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Free Lance">
{{cite news
|title = Coeds Found Dead, Victims of Murder
|newspaper = [[The Free Lance-Star]]
|agency = Associated Press
|url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19690603&id=U_JNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pYoDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6375,3558590
|date = 1969-06-03
|accessdate = 2012-05-04
}}
</ref>

<ref name="DailyNews">
{{cite news
|last1 = Campisi
|first1 = Gloria
|last2 = McGuire
|first2 = Jack
|title = Bundy Admitted Slayings In Area, Interviewer Says
|newspaper = [[Philadelphia Daily News]]
|url = http://articles.philly.com/1989-01-24/news/26125035_1_ted-bundy-bundy-on-death-row-murders
|date = 1989-01-24
|accessdate = 2012-05-04
}}
</ref>

<ref name="'69 Killings3">
{{cite news
|last = Lewis
|first = Larry
|title = '69 Killings Near Parkway Unsolved, But Bundy Is Blamed ...
|newspaper = [[Philadelphia Inquirer]]
|url = http://articles.philly.com/1993-05-31/news/25964091_1_ted-bundy-serial-killer-holiday/3
|date = 1993-05-31
|accessdate = 2012-05-04
}}
</ref>

<ref name="NamUS7780">
{{cite web
|url = https://www.findthemissing.org/en/cases/7780/0/
|title = NamUS Missing Persons Database: Rita Lorraine Jolly
|publisher = ''National Missing and Unidentified Persons System''
|accessdate = 2012-04-27
}}
</ref>

<ref name="NamUS9265">
{{cite web
|url = https://www.findthemissing.org/en/cases/9265/0/
|title = NamUS Missing Persons Database: Vicki Lynn Hollar
|publisher = ''National Missing and Unidentified Persons System''
|accessdate = 2012-04-27
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Tie-in">
{{cite news
|title = Utah tie-in to Colorado slaying?
|newspaper = The Deseret News
|url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19750120&id=89JSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YX8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=3681,3961866
|date = 1975-01-20
|accessdate = 2012-12-01
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Unclear">
{{cite news
|title = Link to state woman unclear
|newspaper = [[The Milwaukee Journal]]
|agency = AP
|url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19890125&id=pW4aAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5isEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2988,799766
|date = 1989-01-25
|accessdate = 2012-12-01
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Follow up">
{{cite news
|title = Utah law officers follow up on serial killer's confessions
|newspaper = The Spokesman-Review
|agency = AP
|url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19890124&id=D1xWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5O8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5082,4470159
|date = 1989-01-24
|accessdate = 2012-12-01
}}
</ref>

}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book
|last = Dekle
|first = George R. Sr.
|title = The Last Murder: The Investigation, Prosecution, and Execution of Ted Bundy
|year = 2011
|publisher = Praeger (Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC)
|location = Santa Barbara
|edition = Hardcover
|isbn = 978-0-313-39743-1
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Foreman
|first = Laura
|title = Serial Killers&nbsp;– True Crime
|year = 1992
|publisher = Time-Life Books
|location = Alexandria, Virginia
|edition = Hardcover
|isbn = 978-0-7835-0001-0
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Kendall
|first = Elizabeth
|title = The Phantom Prince: My Life With Ted Bundy
|date=September 1981
|publisher = Madrona
|location = Seattle
|edition = Hardcover, 1st
|isbn = 978-0-914842-70-5
|ref = harv
}}(Elizabeth Kloepfer, writing under a pseudonym)
* {{cite book
|last = Keppel
|first = Robert
|authorlink = Robert D. Keppel
|title = The Riverman: Ted Bundy and I Hunt for the Green River Killer
|year = 2005
|publisher = Pocket Books
|location = New York
|edition = Paperback
|isbn = 978-0-7434-6395-9
|ref = harv
}} Updated after the arrest and confession of the [[Green River killer]], [[Gary Ridgway]].
* {{cite book
|last = Keppel
|first = Robert
|title = The Riverman: Ted Bundy and I Hunt for the Green River Killer
|year = 2010
|publisher = Simon & Schuster
|location = New York
|edition = Kindle
|isbn = 978-1-4391-9434-8
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last1 = Keppel
|first1 = Robert D.
|last2 = Michaud
|first2 = Stephen G.
|title = Terrible Secrets: Ted Bundy on Serial Murder
|year = 2011
|publisher = Authorlink Press
|location = Irving Texas
|edition = Enhanced E-Book
|isbn = 978-1-928704-97-3
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Larsen
|first = Richard W.
|title = [[The Deliberate Stranger|Bundy: The Deliberate Stranger]]
|year = 1980
|publisher = Prentice Hall
|location = Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey
|edition = Hardcover
|isbn = 978-0-13-089185-3
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Mello
|first = Michael A.
|title = Dead Wrong: A Death Row Lawyer Speaks Out Against Capital Punishment
|year = 1997
|publisher = The University of Wisconsin Press
|location = Madison, Wisconsin
|edition = Paperback
|isbn = 0-299-15344-4
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last1 = Michaud
|first1 = Stephen
|last2 = Aynesworth
|first2 = Hugh
|authorlink2 = Hugh Aynesworth
|title = The Only Living Witness: The True Story of Serial Sex Killer Ted Bundy
|date = August 1999
|origyear = 1983
|publisher = Authorlink Press
|location = Irving, Texas
|edition = Paperback; revised
|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=rO5IdAhFw_YC&lpg=PA1&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false
|isbn = 978-1-928704-11-9
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last1 = Michaud
|first1 = Stephen
|last2 = Aynesworth
|first2 = Hugh
|authorlink2 = Hugh Aynesworth
|title = Ted Bundy: Conversations with a Killer
|date=October 1989
|publisher = Signet
|location = New York
|edition = Paperback
|isbn = 978-0-451-16355-4
|ref = harv
}} Transcripts of the authors' Death Row interviews with Bundy.
* {{cite book
|last = Nelson
|first = Polly
|title = [[Defending the Devil: My Story as Ted Bundy's Last Lawyer]]
|year = 1994
|publisher = William Morrow
|location = New York
|isbn = 978-0-688-10823-6
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Rule
|first = Ann
|authorlink = Ann Rule
|title = [[The Stranger Beside Me]]
|year = 1989
|publisher = Signet
|location = New York
|edition = Paperback; revised and updated
|isbn = 978-0-451-16493-3
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Rule
|first = Ann
|title = The Stranger Beside Me
|year = 2000
|publisher = Signet
|location = New York
|edition = Paperback; updated 20th anniversary
|isbn = 978-0-451-20326-7
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Rule
|first = Ann
|title = The Stranger Beside Me
|year = 2009
|publisher = Pocket Books
|location = New York
|edition = Paperback; updated 2009
|isbn = 1-4165-5959-0
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Sullivan
|first = Kevin M.
|title = The Bundy Murders: A Comprehensive History
|year = 2009
|publisher = McFarland and Co.
|location = Jefferson, North Carolina
|edition = Paperback
|isbn = 978-0-7864-4426-7
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Von Drehle
|first = David
|title = Among the Lowest of the Dead: The Culture on Death Row
|year = 1995
|publisher = Crown
|location = New York, New Jersey
|edition = Hardcover
|isbn = 978-0-8129-2166-3
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last1 = Winn
|first1 = Steven
|last2 = Merrill
|first2 = David
|title = Ted Bundy: The Killer Next Door
|year = 1980
|publisher = Bantam
|location = New York
|edition = Paperback
|isbn = 978-0-553-13637-1
|ref = harv
}}

{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{sister project links|n=no|wikt=no|b=no|v=no|commons=Category:Ted Bundy|q=Ted Bundy|s=no|d=Q192218}}
* [http://vault.fbi.gov/Ted%20Bundy%20/ FBI file on Ted Bundy] at vault.fbi.gov
* [http://fbi.gov/news/stories/2013/november/serial-killers-part-3-ted-bundys-campaign-of-terror WANTED BY FBI - Theodore Robert Bundy], [[FBI]]
* [http://www.kirotv.com/news/news/bundy-confession-tapes-revealed-for-the-first-time/nDrR5/ Audiotapes] of Bundy's 1989 confessions
* {{Wayback |date=20060621144017 |url=http://tedbundy.com/errata/freebies/Ted%20Bundy%20Multiagency%20Investigative%20Team%20Report%201992%20from%20tedbundy.com.pdf |title=Ted Bundy Multiagency Investigative Team Report }} law enforcement dossier containing detailed timeline of Bundy's life
* Kimberly Leach [http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/flsupct/59128/59128.html appeals, briefs, and court ruling], Chi Omega [http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/flsupct/57772/57772.html appeals, briefs, and court ruling], 1986 [http://supreme.justia.com/us/479/894/case.html ruling] by the [[United States Supreme Court]] in Leach case, 1989 Leach [http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/flsupct/73585/73585.html appeal, brief and court ruling] by the Florida Supreme Court
{{Portal bar|Florida<!--State of execution-->|Biography|Crime}}
{{good article}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Persondata
| NAME              = Bundy, Ted
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Bundy, Theodore Robert
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Serial killer
| DATE OF BIRTH     = November 24, 1946
| PLACE OF BIRTH    = Burlington, Vermont, United States
| DATE OF DEATH     = January 24, 1989
| PLACE OF DEATH    = Raiford, Florida, United States⏎
Ted Bundy was born Theodore Robert Cowell at the Elizabeth Lund Home For Unwed Mothers in [[Burlington, Vermont]], to Eleanor Louise Cowell. While the identity of his father is unknown, Bundy's [[birth certificate]] lists a "Lloyd Marshall" (b. 1916),{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=8, 17}} although Bundy's mother would later tell of being seduced by a war veteran named "Jack Worthington".<!-- See [[WP:MOS]] for punctuation guidelines --> However, Bundy's family did not believe this story, and expressed suspicion about Louise's violent, [[child abuse|abusive]] father, Samuel Cowell.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=56}} Whatever the truth of Bundy's parentage, to avoid [[social stigma]], Bundy's maternal grandparents, Samuel and Eleanor Cowell, claimed him as their son. He grew up believing that his mother was his older sister. Bundy biographers Stephen Michaud and [[Hugh Aynesworth]] wrote that he learned Louise was actually his mother while he was in high school.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=63}} [[True crime]] writer [[Ann Rule]], who knew Bundy personally, believes it was around 1969, shortly after a [[Psychological trauma|traumatic]] breakup with his college girlfriend.{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=16–17}}

For the first few years of his life, Bundy and his mother lived in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. In 1950, they moved to live with relatives in [[Tacoma, Washington]]. Here, Louise had her son's surname changed from Cowell to Nelson.{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=8}} In 1951, one year after their move, Louise Cowell met Johnny Culpepper Bundy at an adult singles night held at Tacoma's [[First Methodist Church]].{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=57}} In May that year, the couple were married, and soon after Johnny Bundy [[adoption|adopted]] Ted, legally changing his last name to "Bundy".{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=57}}  

Johnny and Louise Bundy had more children, whom the young Bundy spent much of his time babysitting. Johnny Bundy tried to include his high school aged stepson in [[camping]] trips and other father-son activities, but the boy remained distant from his stepfather.{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=10}} 

Bundy remained shy and introverted throughout his high school and early college years. He would say later that he "hit a wall" in high school and that he was unable to understand social behavior, stunting his social development.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=64}} He maintained a facade of social activity, but he had no natural sense of how to get along with other people, saying: "I didn't know what made things tick. I didn't know what made people want to be friends. I didn't know what made people attractive to one another. I didn't know what underlay social interactions."{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=66}}

As a teen, Bundy would look through libraries for detective magazines and books on crime, focusing on sources that described sexual violence and featured pictures of dead bodies and violent sexuality.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|pp=277–278}} Before he left high school, Bundy was a [[Kleptomania|compulsive thief]] and a [[Shoplifting|shoplifter]].{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=12}} To support his love of [[skiing]], Bundy stole skis and equipment and [[forgery|forged]] ski-lift tickets.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=62}}

=== University years ===

[[File:Ted Bundy headshot.jpg|thumb|150px|In custody, Florida, July 1978]]

In 1965, Bundy graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School. Awarded a scholarship by the [[University of Puget Sound]] (UPS), he began that fall taking courses in [[psychology]] and [[Oriental studies]]. After two semesters at UPS, he decided to transfer to Seattle's [[University of Washington]] (UW).

While he was a university student, Bundy worked as a grocery bagger and shelf-stocker at a Seattle [[Safeway Inc.|Safeway]] store on [[Queen Anne Hill]], as well as other odd jobs. At this time Bundy did not hold any one job for longer than a few months, and though he was never caught stealing while at work he had been regarded with some suspicion by employers. As part of his course of studies in psychology, he later worked as a night-shift volunteer at Seattle's [[Suicide]] Hot Line, a suicide crisis center that served the greater Seattle metropolitan and suburban areas. He met and worked alongside former Seattle [[police officer]] and then-fledgling [[crime writer]] [[Ann Rule]], who would later write one of the definitive biographies of Bundy and his crimes, ''[[The Stranger Beside Me]]''.{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=22–33}}

He began a relationship with fellow university student "Stephanie Brooks" (a [[pseudonym]]), whom he met while enrolled at UW in 1967. She ended the relationship after her 1968 graduation and returned to her family home in [[California]], fed up with what she described as Bundy's immaturity and lack of ambition. Thrown into a deep [[clinical depression|depression]] by the breakup, Bundy dropped out of college and travelled east. Rule states that, around this time, Bundy decided to visit his birthplace of Burlington, Vermont. There he visited the local records clerk and finally uncovered the truth about his parentage.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=53}}

After his discovery, Bundy became a more focused and dominant person. Back home in Washington by 1968, he managed the Seattle office of [[Nelson Rockefeller]]'s Presidential campaign and attended the [[1968 Republican National Convention]] in [[Miami]], Florida as a Rockefeller supporter.{{sfn|Larsen|1980|pp=5, 7}} He re-enrolled at UW, this time with a major in psychology. Bundy became an honors student and was well liked by his professors.{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=18–20}} In 1969, he started dating Elizabeth Kloepfer (known in Bundy literature as Meg Anders or Liz Kendall), a [[divorce]]d secretary with a daughter, who fell deeply in love with him.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=74}} They would continue dating for more than six years, until he went to prison for [[kidnapping]] in 1976.

Bundy graduated in 1972 from UW with a degree in psychology.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=76}} Soon afterward, he again went to work for the [[Washington State Republican Party]], which included a close relationship with Governor [[Daniel J. Evans]].<ref>[http://students.english.ilstu.edu//smdare/bundy/actualletterofrec.htm ''Letter] from Gov. [[Daniel J. Evans]] to the Dean of Admissions at University of Utah''.</ref> During the campaign, Bundy followed Evans' [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] opponent around the state, tape recording his speeches and reporting back to Evans personally. A minor scandal later followed when the Democrats found out about Bundy, who had been posing as a college student.{{sfn|Larsen|1980|pp=7–10}}<ref>[http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cjcQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Ao8DAAAAIBAJ&dq=theodore-bundy&pg=6225%2C3131787 "Evans' man followed Rosy"], ''Ellensburg Daily Record'' (from UPI), Aug. 30, 1973.</ref> In the fall of 1973, Bundy enrolled in the [[law school]] at the [[University of Puget Sound]], but he did poorly. He began skipping classes, and finally dropped out in spring 1974; at the same time young women began to disappear in the [[Pacific Northwest]].

While on a business trip to [[California]] in the summer of 1973, Bundy came back into the life of his ex-girlfriend "Stephanie Brooks" with a new look and attitude; this time as a serious, dedicated professional who had been accepted to law school. Bundy continued to date Kloepfer as well, and neither woman was aware the other existed. Bundy courted Brooks throughout the rest of the year, and she accepted his marriage proposal. Two weeks later, however, shortly after New Year's 1974, he unceremoniously dumped her, refusing to return her phone calls. A few weeks after this breakup, Bundy began a murderous rampage in Washington state.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=81–84}}{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=44–47}}

== Murders ==
=== Washington ===

[[File:TedBundyprisonFlorida.jpg|150px|thumb|left|At press conference announcing his indictment for murder, Florida, July 1978]]

There is no definitive agreement on when and where Bundy began killing people. Bundy refused to give details on when and where he committed his first murder, even when confessing to thirty murders immediately prior to his execution.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=400}} The day before his execution, Bundy told his lawyer that he made his first attempt to [[kidnap]] a woman in 1969,{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=282}} and implied that he committed his first actual murder sometime in 1972.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|pp=283–284}} A psychiatrist who interviewed him said Bundy claimed to have killed two women while staying with family in [[Philadelphia]] in 1969.{{sfn|Sullivan|2009|p=57}} At one point in his [[death row]] confessions with [[Robert D. Keppel]], a [[King County Sheriff's Office (Washington)|King County]] detective who investigated the 1974 Washington murders, Bundy said he committed his first murder in 1972,{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=387}} and he also alluded to killing a hitchhiker in the [[Tumwater, Washington]] area around May 1973.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=396}} In 1973, one of Bundy's friends saw a pair of handcuffs in the back of Bundy's Volkswagen.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=81}} Bundy's earliest known, identified murders were committed in 1974, when he was 27.

Shortly after midnight on January 4, 1974, Bundy entered the basement bedroom of 18-year-old "Joni Lenz" (a [[pseudonym]]), a dancer and student at UW. Bundy bludgeoned her with a metal rod from her bed frame while she slept and [[sexual assault|sexually assaulted]] her with a [[Speculum (medical)|speculum]].{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=28}} Lenz was found the next morning by her roommates lying in a pool of her own blood. She was in a coma for ten days, but she survived the attack.{{sfn|Sullivan|2009|p=14}} Bundy's next victim was Lynda Ann Healy, another UW student (and his cousin's roommate). In the early morning of February 1, 1974, Bundy broke into Healy's room, knocked her unconscious, dressed her in jeans and a shirt, wrapped her in a bed sheet, and carried her away.

Young female college students began disappearing at a rate of roughly one per month. On March 12, 1974, in [[Olympia, Washington|Olympia]], Bundy kidnapped and murdered Donna Gail Manson, a 19-year-old student at [[The Evergreen State College]]. On April 17, 1974, Susan Rancourt disappeared from the campus of Central Washington State College (now [[Central Washington University]]) in [[Ellensburg, Washington|Ellensburg]]. Later, two different CWSC students would recount meeting a man with his arm in a sling—one that night, one three nights earlier—who asked for their help to carry a load of books to his [[Volkswagen Beetle]].{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=42–46}}{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=31–33}} Next was Kathy Parks, last seen on the campus of [[Oregon State University]] in [[Corvallis, Oregon]], on May 6, 1974. Brenda Ball, the first victim who was not a college student, was never seen again after leaving The Flame Tavern in [[Burien, Washington|Burien]] on June 1, 1974. Bundy then murdered Georgeann Hawkins, a student at UW and a member of [[Kappa Alpha Theta]], an on-campus [[sorority]]. In the early morning of June 11, 1974, she walked through an alley from her boyfriend's dormitory residence to her sorority house. She was never seen again. Witnesses later reported seeing a man with a leg cast struggling to carry a briefcase in the area that night.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=38}} One student reported that the man had asked for her help in carrying the briefcase to his car, a Beetle.{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=75}}

Bundy's Washington killing spree culminated on July 14, 1974, with the daytime abduction of Janice Ott and Denise Naslund from a crowded beach at [[Lake Sammamish State Park]] in [[Issaquah, Washington|Issaquah]]. That day, eight different people told the police about the handsome young man with his left arm in a sling who called himself "Ted". Five of them were women whom "Ted" asked for help unloading a sailboat from his [[Volkswagen Beetle]]. One of them went with "Ted" as far as his car, where there was no sailboat, before declining to accompany him any further. Three more witnesses testified to seeing him approach Ott with the story about the sailboat and to seeing her walk away from the beach in his company. She was never seen alive again.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=3–6}} Naslund disappeared without a trace four hours later.

From this incident, King County detectives now had a description both of the suspect and his car. Some witnesses told investigators that the "Ted" they encountered spoke with a clipped, quasi-[[British English|British accent]]. Soon, fliers were up all over the Seattle area. After seeing the police sketch and description of the Lake Sammamish suspect in both of the local newspapers and on television news reports, Bundy's girlfriend, one of his psychology professors at UW, and former co-worker Rule{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=103–105}} all reported him as a possible suspect.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=61–62}} The police, receiving up to 200 tips per day,{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=40}} did not pay any special attention to a tip about a clean-cut law student.

Two hunters stumbled across the fragmented remains of Ott and Naslund on September 7, 1974, off [[Interstate 90]] near Issaquah, one mile from the park.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=8–15}} Found along with the women's remains were an extra [[femur]] bone and [[vertebrae]], which Bundy shortly before his execution identified as that of Georgeann Hawkins.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=18}} Between March 1 and March 3, 1975, the skulls and jawbones of Healy, Rancourt, Parks and Ball were found on Taylor Mountain just east of Issaquah.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=25–30}} Years later, Bundy claimed that he had also dumped Donna Manson's body there,{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=516}} but no trace of her was ever found.

=== Idaho, Utah and Colorado ===

[[File:Ted Bundy Volkswagen Beetle.jpg|thumb|Ted Bundy's 1968 VW Bug that he used for most of his murders On display at the [[National Museum of Crime & Punishment]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/18/AR2010021803532.html | title = Ted Bundy's VW goes on display at D.C. crime museum, but should it? | first = Philip | last = Kennicott | publisher = Washington Post | work = WashingtonPost.com | date = 2010-02-19 | accessdate = 2010-07-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.crimemuseum.org/Ted_Bundy_Car | title = Ted Bundy's Car at National Museum of Crime and Punishment | publisher = CrimeMuseum.org | date = | accessdate = 2010-07-23 }}</ref>]]

That autumn, Bundy moved to [[Salt Lake City]] to attend the [[S. J. Quinney College of Law|University of Utah]] [[law school]]. It was there that he became a member of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], or a [[Mormon]]. <ref>{{cite web | url = http://http://famousmormons.net/infamous.html</ref>  On Sept. 2, he picked up a hitchhiker in Idaho, [[rape]]d her and strangled her to death; her identity remains unknown and no body was ever found.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|pp=257–259}}{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=527}} Nancy Wilcox disappeared from [[Holladay, Utah]], on October 2, 1974.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=91}} Shortly before his execution, Bundy recounted the Wilcox murder for Utah police. According to Bundy, he went out intending to "de-escalate" his pathology by finding a victim to rape but not to murder. He spotted Wilcox walking down a dark street and, without planning ahead, attacked her and dragged her into a wooded area. He strangled her to death, claiming to the police that he had only intended to silence her screams and protests.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|pp=143–146}}

On October 18, 1974, Bundy raped, [[sodomy|sodomized]] and strangled Melissa Smith, the 17-year-old daughter of [[Midvale, Utah|Midvale]] police chief Louis Smith. Her body was found nine days later. Postmortem examination indicated that she had been kept alive for at least five days after she disappeared.{{sfn|Sullivan|2009|p=96}} Next was Laura Aime, also 17, who disappeared when she left a [[Halloween]] party in [[Lehi, Utah]], on October 31, 1974; her naked, beaten and strangled corpse was found nearly a month later by hikers on [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving Day]], on the banks of a river in [[American Fork Canyon]].

In [[Murray, Utah]], on November 8, 1974, Carol DaRonch narrowly escaped Ted Bundy with her life. Claiming to be "Officer Roseland" of the Murray Police Department, Bundy approached DaRonch at Fashion Place Mall, told her someone had tried to break into her car, and asked her to accompany him to the police station. She got into his car but refused his instruction to buckle her seat belt. They drove for a short time before Bundy suddenly pulled to the shoulder and attempted to handcuff DaRonch. During their struggle, Bundy fastened each handcuff to the same wrist. Bundy pulled out his crowbar, but DaRonch caught it in the air just before it struck her skull. She then managed to get the car door open and tumbled out onto the highway, escaping from her would-be killer.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=93–95}}

About an hour later, a strange man showed up at [[Viewmont High School]] in [[Bountiful, Utah]], nineteen miles away from Murray.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.bing.com/maps/default.aspx?wip=2&v=2&rtp=~&FORM=MSNH#JnJ0cD1wb3MucXM5OWd3NXA4YzkzX011cnJheSUyYytVVF9fX2VfJTdlcG9zLnF0ZDd3NjVwOTNtbl9Cb3VudGlmdWwlMmMrVVRfX19lXyZydG9wPTAlN2Uw | title = Bing Maps; Murray to Bountiful | work = Bing.com | publisher = Microsoft | date = | accessdate = 2010-07-23}}</ref> The Viewmont High drama club was putting on a play in the auditorium. The strange man approached the drama teacher and then a student, asking both to come out to the parking lot to identify a car. Both declined. The drama teacher saw him again shortly before the end of the play, this time breathing hard, with his hair mussed and his shirt untucked. Another student saw the man lurking in the rear of the auditorium. Debby Kent, a 17-year-old Viewmont High student, left the play at intermission to go and pick up her brother, and was never seen again.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=95–97}} Later, investigators found a small key in the parking lot outside Viewmont High. It unlocked the handcuffs taken off Carol DaRonch.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=101}}

[[File:Caryn Campbell Ted Bundy victim.jpg|thumb|125px|upright|Caryn Campbell]]

In 1975, while still attending law school at the [[University of Utah]], Bundy shifted his crimes to [[Colorado]]. On January 12, 1975, Caryn Campbell disappeared from the Wildwood Inn at [[Snowmass, Colorado]], where she had been vacationing with her fiancé and his children. She vanished somewhere in a span of 50 feet between the elevator doors and her room. Her body was found on February 17, 1975, by a dirt road just outside of Snowmass.{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=132–136}} Next, [[Vail, Colorado|Vail]] ski instructor Julie Cunningham disappeared on March 15, 1975, and Denise Oliverson in [[Grand Junction, Colorado|Grand Junction]] on April 6, 1975. Oliverson's bike was found abandoned under a freeway overpass.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=110}} Before his execution, Bundy confessed in detail to the Cunningham murder, telling Colorado investigators that he used crutches to approach her after asking her to help him carry some ski boots to his car. At the car, Bundy clubbed her with his crowbar and immobilized her with handcuffs, later strangling her in a crime highly similar to the Hawkins murder.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=402–407}}

Lynette Culver, a 12-year-old girl, went missing on May 6, 1975. In a crime similar to the later murder of Kimberly Leach, Bundy lured her from her junior high school in [[Pocatello, Idaho]], took her to a [[Holiday Inn]] where Bundy had a room, raped her and drowned her.{{sfn|Sullivan|2009|pp=137–138}} Back in Utah, Susan Curtis vanished from the campus of [[Brigham Young University]] on June 28, 1975. (Bundy confessed to the Curtis murder minutes before his execution, as he was walking down the hall to the electric chair.){{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=343}} The bodies of Wilcox, Kent, Cunningham, Culver, Curtis and Oliverson have never been recovered.

Meanwhile, back in Washington, investigators were attempting to prioritize their enormous list of suspects. They used [[computer]]s to cross-check different likely lists of suspects (classmates of Lynda Healy, owners of Volkswagens, people whose names had been given to the police, etc.) against each other, and then identify suspects who turned up on more than one list. "Theodore Robert Bundy" was one of 25 people who turned up on four separate lists, and his case file was next on the "To Be Investigated" pile when the call came from Utah of an arrest.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=62–66}}

== Arrest, first trial, and escapes ==

[[File:Ted Bundy murder kit.JPG|left|thumb|Items taken from Bundy's Volkswagen, August 16, 1975]]

Bundy was arrested for the first time on August 16, 1975, in [[West Valley City, Utah|Granger]], a suburb of Salt Lake City, Utah, for failure to stop for a police officer.<ref>[http://archive.deseretnews.com/archive/31887/ROUTINE-STOP-BROUGHT-PATROL-OFFICER-FACE-TO-FACE-WITH-MASS-MURDERER.html Account] of the arrest by Sgt. Robert Hayward, ''[[Deseret News]]'', 24 January 1989.</ref> A search of his car revealed a ski mask, another mask made from pantyhose, a crowbar, handcuffs, trash bags, a coil of rope, an ice pick, and other items that were thought by the police to be [[burglary]] tools. Bundy remained calm during questioning, explaining that he needed the mask for skiing and had found the handcuffs in a dumpster.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=98–9, 113–5}} Utah detective Jerry Thompson connected Bundy and his Volkswagen to the DaRonch kidnapping and the missing girls, and searched his apartment. The search uncovered a guide to Colorado ski resorts, with a check mark by the Wildwood Inn where Caryn Campbell had disappeared,{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=71}} and a brochure advertising the Viewmont High School play in Bountiful from where Debby Kent had disappeared.{{sfn|Sullivan|2009|p=151}} After searching his apartment, the police brought Bundy in for a lineup before DaRonch and the Bountiful witnesses. They identified him as "Officer Roseland" and as the man lurking about the night Debby Kent disappeared. Following a week-long trial, Bundy was convicted of DaRonch's kidnapping on March 1, 1976, and was sentenced to 15 years in [[Utah State Prison]]. Colorado authorities were pursuing murder charges, however, and Bundy was [[extradition|extradited]] there to stand trial.

[[File:Pitkin County Courthouse.jpg|thumb|Pitkin County Courthouse. Bundy jumped from the second window from left, second story{{sfn|Winn|Merrill|1980}}]]

On June 7, 1977, in preparation for a hearing in the Caryn Campbell murder trial, Bundy was taken to the [[Pitkin County, Colorado|Pitkin County]] courthouse in [[Aspen, Colorado|Aspen]]. During a court recess, he was allowed to visit the courthouse's law library, where he jumped out of the building from a second-story window and escaped, spraining his right ankle during the jump. In the minutes following his escape, Bundy at first ran and then strolled casually through the small town toward [[Aspen Mountain (Colorado)|Aspen Mountain]].{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=197}} He made it all the way to the top of Aspen Mountain without being detected, where he rested for two days in an abandoned hunting cabin. But afterwards, he lost his sense of direction and wandered aimlessly in circles around the mountain for the next two days, missing two trails that led down off the mountain to his intended destination, the town of [[Crested Butte, Colorado|Crested Butte]]. At one point he talked his way out of danger after coming face-to-face with a gun-toting citizen who was one of the searchers scouring Aspen Mountain for Ted Bundy. On June 13, 1977, Bundy stole a car he found on the mountain near another cabin. Despite being stricken with fatigue, sleep-deprivation, and in constant and intense pain from his sprained ankle, he drove back into Aspen and could have gotten away, but two police deputies noticed the Cadillac with dimmed headlights weaving in and out of its lane and pulled Bundy over. They recognized him and took him back to jail. Bundy had been [[on the lam]] for six days.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=203–205}}

He was back in custody, but Bundy worked on a new escape plan. He was being held in the [[Glenwood Springs, Colorado]] jail while he awaited trial. He had acquired a hacksaw blade and $500 in cash; he later claimed the blade came from another prison inmate and the money was smuggled in by visiting friends. Over two weeks, he sawed through the welds fixing a small metal plate in the ceiling and, after dieting to lose weight, was able to fit through the hole and access the crawl space above. An informant in the prison told officers that he had heard Bundy moving around the ceiling during the nights before his escape, but the matter was not investigated.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=209}} When Bundy's Aspen trial judge ruled on December 23, 1977, that the Caryn Campbell murder trial would start on January 9, 1978,{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=6}} and changed the venue to Colorado Springs, Bundy realized that he had to make his escape before he was transferred out of the Glenwood Springs jail. On the night of December 30, 1977, Bundy dressed warmly and packed books and files under his blanket to make it appear as though he was sleeping. He wriggled through the hole and up into the crawlspace. Bundy crawled over to a spot directly above the jailer's linen closet—the jailer and his wife were out for the evening—dropped down into the jailer's apartment, and walked out the door.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=209–211}}

Bundy was free, but he was on foot in the middle of a bitterly cold, snowy Colorado night. He stole a broken-down [[MG (car)|MG]], but it stalled in the mountains. Bundy was stuck on the side of [[Interstate 70]] in the middle of the night in a blizzard until another driver gave him a ride into the town of Vail. From there he caught a bus to [[Denver]] and boarded the [[TWA]] 8:55 a.m. flight to [[Chicago]]. The Glenwood Springs jail officers did not notice Bundy was gone until noon on December 31, 1977, 17 hours after his escape, by which time Bundy was already in Chicago.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=212–213}}

== Florida ==

[[File:FBI-360-Ted Bundy FBI 10 most wanted photo.jpg|thumb|125px|Bundy's mugshot used for [[FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives]] list]]

Following his arrival in Chicago, Bundy then caught an [[Amtrak]] train to [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]], where he got a room at the [[YMCA]]. On January 2, 1978, he went to an Ann Arbor bar and watched the [[University of Washington Huskies]], the team of his alma mater, beat Michigan in the [[1978 Rose Bowl|Rose Bowl]].{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=215–216}} He later stole a car in Ann Arbor, which he abandoned in [[Atlanta]], Georgia before boarding a bus for [[Tallahassee, Florida]], where he arrived on January 8. There, he rented a room at a boarding house under the alias of "Chris Hagen" and committed numerous petty crimes including shoplifting, purse snatching, and auto theft. He grew a mustache and drew a fake mole on his right cheek when he went out, but aside from that, he made no real attempt at a disguise. Bundy tried to find work at a construction site, but when the personnel officer asked Bundy for his driver's license for identification, Bundy walked away. This was his only attempt at job hunting.

[[File:LevyBowmanBundyvictims.jpg|thumb|left|Lisa Levy and Margaret Bowman]]

One week after Bundy's arrival in Tallahassee, at approximately 3 a.m. on January 15, Bundy entered the [[Florida State University]] [[Chi Omega]] [[sorority]] house and killed two sleeping women, Lisa Levy and Margaret Bowman. Bludgeoning and strangling them both, he also sexually assaulted Levy. Bundy then moved from Levy's and Bowman's rooms to bludgeon and severely injure two other Chi Omegas, roommates Karen Chandler and Kathy Kleiner. The entire episode took no more than half an hour. After leaving the Chi Omega house, Bundy broke into another home a few blocks away, clubbing and severely injuring [[Florida State University]] student Cheryl Thomas.{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=283–305}}

On February 8, Bundy traveled to Jacksonville, driving a van stolen from the FSU audio-visual department. He approached a fourteen-year-old girl named Leslie Parmenter in a [[K-Mart]] parking lot, pretending to be "Richard Burton, Fire Department", but left hurriedly when her older brother arrived.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=243–244}} He moved on to [[Lake City, Florida]]. The next day he abducted 12-year-old Kimberly Leach from the grounds of Lake City Junior High School. Bundy raped and murdered Leach, throwing her body under a small pig shed. On February 12, he stole yet another Volkswagen Beetle and left Tallahassee for good, heading west across the Florida panhandle. On February 15, shortly after 1 a.m., Bundy was stopped by [[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola]] police officer David Lee. When the officer called in a check of the license plate, the vehicle came up as stolen.<ref>[http://www.pensacolapolice.com/details.asp?pid=2482 Account of Bundy's arrest] at the Pensacola P.D. official site.</ref> Bundy then scuffled with the officer before he was finally subdued. As Lee took the unknown suspect to jail, Bundy said "I wish you had killed me."{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=321–323}} The [[Florida Department of Law Enforcement]] made a positive [[fingerprint]] identification early the next day. He was immediately transported to Tallahassee, where he was later charged with the Chi Omega murders.

== Conviction and execution==

[[File:Dental evidence ted bundy.jpeg|thumb|175px|Bite mark testimony at the Chi Omega trial]]

After a change of venue to Miami, Bundy went to trial for the Chi Omega murders in June 1979, with [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Dade County]] Circuit Court Judge [[Edward Cowart|Edward D. Cowart]] presiding.<ref name="CB2">{{cite web |last=Lundin|first=Leigh |title=Last Words |url=http://www.criminalbrief.com/?p=13542#bundy |work=Capital Punishment |publisher=Criminal Brief | date=2010-08-22 }}</ref> Despite having five court-appointed lawyers, he insisted on [[Pro se legal representation in the United States|acting as his own attorney]] and even [[cross-examination|cross-examined]] witnesses, including the police officer who had discovered Margaret Bowman's body. He was prosecuted by Assistant State Attorney Larry Simpson.<ref>[http://www.kjshlaw.com/simpson.cfm Larry Simpson bio].</ref>

Two pieces of [[evidence]] proved crucial. First, Chi Omega member Nita Neary, getting back to the house very late after a date, saw Bundy as he left, and identified him in court.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=227, 283}} Second, during his homicidal frenzy, Bundy bit Lisa Levy in her left buttock, leaving obvious bite marks. Police took plaster casts of Bundy's teeth and a [[forensics]] expert matched them to the photographs of Levy's wound.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=230, 283–285}} Bundy was convicted on all counts and [[capital punishment|sentenced to death]] for the murders of Levy and Bowman.

Bundy was tried in a second, separate proceeding at the [[Old Orange County Courthouse (Florida)|Old Orange County Courthouse]] in [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]] for the Kimberly Leach murder in January 1980.<ref name="True TV Crime Library">{{cite web | last = Bell |first = Rachael | title = The Ted Bundy Story | publisher = True TV Crime Library: Criminal Minds and Methods | url = http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/bundy/15.html| accessdate = 2009-12-22}}</ref> On February 7, 1980, he was again convicted on all counts, principally due to fibers found in the stolen FSU van that matched Leach's clothing{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=306–307}} and an eyewitness that saw him leading Leach away from the school,{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=303}} and sentenced to death. During the Kimberly Leach trial, on February 9, 1980, Bundy took advantage of an old law still on the books in the state of Florida that allowed a "declaration" in court to constitute a legal marriage. Bundy proposed to former coworker Carole Ann Boone, who had moved to Florida to be near Bundy, in the courtroom while questioning her on the stand. She readily accepted and Bundy announced to the courtroom that they were married.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|pp=308–310}}<ref>[http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19810930&id=uPknAAAAIBAJ&sjid=u4MDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6906,4332847 "Bundy's wife is pregnant&nbsp;– but she refuses to kiss, tell."] ''Deseret News'', September. 30, 1981].</ref> Following numerous [[conjugal visit]]s between Bundy and his new wife, Boone gave birth to a daughter in October 1982.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=56}} However, in 1986 Boone moved back to Washington and never returned to Florida. The current whereabouts of Boone and her daughter are unknown.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.annrules.com/news3.htm |title=Newsletter (page 3) |publisher=Annrules.com |date= |accessdate=2009-01-14}}</ref>

While awaiting execution in [[Florida State Prison|Starke Prison]], Bundy was housed in the cell next to serial killer [[Ottis Toole]], who police believe is the murderer of [[Murder of Adam Walsh|Adam Walsh]].{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=465}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Almanzar |first=Yolanne |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/17/us/17adam.html?_r=1&hp |title=27 Years Later, Case of Slain Boy Adam Walsh Is Closed |location=Florida |work=The New York Times |date=2008-12-16 |accessdate=2009-01-14}}</ref> FBI profiler [[Robert K. Ressler]] met with him there as part of his work interviewing serial killers, but found Bundy uncooperative and manipulative, willing to speak only in the third person, and only in hypothetical terms. Writing in 1992, Ressler said of Bundy that "This guy was an animal, and it amazed me that the media seemed unable to understand that."<ref name="ressler">Ressler, Robert K. and Tom Schachtman. ''Whoever Fights Monsters: My Twenty Years Hunting Serial Killers for the FBI.'' New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992, pp. 63–66. ISBN 0312078838.</ref>

[[File:Ted Bundy mug shot.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Bundy mug shot, 1980, the day after he was sentenced to death for the murder of Kimberly Leach]]

However, during the same period, Bundy was often visited by Special Agent William Hagmaier of the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]'s Behavioral Sciences Unit. Bundy came to confide in Hagmaier, going so far as to call him his best friend. Eventually, Bundy confessed to Hagmaier many details of the murders that had until then been unknown or unconfirmed. In October 1984, Bundy contacted former [[King County, Washington|King County]] homicide detective [[Robert D. Keppel|Bob Keppel]] and offered to assist in the ongoing search for the [[Gary Ridgway|Green River Killer]] by providing his own insights and analysis.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=176}} Keppel and Green River Task Force detective [[Dave Reichert]] traveled to Florida's death row to interview Bundy. Both detectives later stated that these interviews were of little actual help in the investigation; they provided far greater insight into Bundy's own mind, however, and were primarily pursued in the hope of learning the details of unsolved murders which Bundy was suspected of committing.

Bundy contacted Keppel again in 1988. At that point, his [[appeal]]s were exhausted. Bundy had beaten previous [[death warrant]]s for March 4, 1986, July 2, 1986, and November 18, 1986.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=33, 101, 135}} With execution imminent, Bundy confessed to eight official unsolved murders in Washington State for which he was the prime suspect. Bundy told Keppel that there were actually five bodies left on Taylor Mountain, not four as they had originally thought. Bundy confessed in detail to the murder of Georgeann Hawkins, describing how he lured her to his car with the crutches routine, clubbed her with a tire iron that he had stashed on the ground under his car, drove away with her in the car with him, and later raped and strangled her.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=367–378}}
After the interview, Keppel reported that he had been shocked in speaking with Bundy, and that he was the kind of man who was "born to kill." Keppel stated:

{{cquote|He described the Issaquah crime scene [where Janice Ott, Denise Naslund and Georgeann Hawkins had been left], and it was almost like he was just there. Like he was seeing everything. He was infatuated with the idea because he spent so much time there. He is just totally consumed with murder all the time.{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=519}}}}

Bundy also confessed to murders in Idaho, Utah and Colorado. Bundy hoped he could use the revelations and partial confessions to get another [[stay of execution]] or possibly [[clemency|commute]] his sentence to [[life imprisonment]]. At one point, a legal advocate working for Bundy asked some of the families of the victims to [[fax]] letters to [[Governor of Florida|Florida Governor]] [[Robert Martinez]] and ask for mercy for Bundy in order to find out where the remains of their loved ones were. All of the families refused.{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=518}} Keppel and others reported that Bundy gave scant detail about his crimes during his confessions, and promised to reveal more and other body dump sites if he were given "more time." The ploy failed and Bundy was executed on schedule.

The night before he was executed, Bundy granted a taped interview to Dr. [[James Dobson]], psychologist and founder of the [[Evangelicalism|Christian evangelical]] organization [[Focus on the Family]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pureintimacy.org/piArticles/A000000433.cfm |title=Final Interview with Dr. James Dobson |publisher=Pureintimacy.org |date=1989-01-24 |accessdate=2010-07-23}}</ref> During the interview, Bundy made repeated, previously unclaimed statements regarding the [[pornography|pornographic]] "roots" of his crimes. Bundy stated that while pornography did not cause him to commit murder, the consumption of violent pornography helped "shape and mold" his violence into "behavior too terrible to describe." He alleged that he felt that violence in the media, "particularly sexualized violence," sent boys "down the road to being Ted Bundys." In the same interview, Bundy stated:

{{cquote|You are going to kill me, and that will protect society from me. But out there are many, many more people who are addicted to pornography, and you are doing nothing about that.<ref>[http://obscenitycrimes.org/clineart.cfm 'Pornography's Effects on Adults and Children.' Cline, Victor B., Ph.D., obscenitycrimes.org''.]{{Dead link|date=July 2010}}</ref>}} 

According to Hagmaier, Bundy contemplated [[suicide]] in the days leading up to his execution, but eventually decided against it.<ref>[http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19990124&slug=2940372 ''Seattle Times''], 24 January 1999.</ref>  Ted Bundy was electrocuted by the state of Florida at 7:06 a.m. on January 24, 1989.

== Modus operandi and victim profiles ==

[[File:TedBundyincustody.JPG|thumb|175px|In custody, 1979]]

Bundy had a fairly consistent ''[[modus operandi]]''. He would approach a potential victim in a public place, even in daylight or in a crowd, as when he abducted Ott and Naslund at Lake Sammamish or when he kidnapped Leach from her school. Bundy had various ways of gaining a victim's trust. Sometimes, he would feign injury, wearing his arm in a sling or wearing a fake cast, as in the murders of Hawkins, Rancourt, Ott, Naslund, and Cunningham. At other times Bundy would impersonate an authority figure. He pretended to be a policeman when approaching Carol DaRonch, and a fireman to Leslie Parmenter.

Bundy had a remarkable advantage in that his facial features were attractive, yet not especially memorable. In later years, he would often be described as [[chameleon]]-like,{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=80}}{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=176}} able to look totally different by making only minor adjustments to his appearance, e.g., growing a beard or changing his hairstyle.

All of Bundy's victims were [[White American|white]] females and most were of [[middle class]] background. Almost all were between the ages of 15 and 25. Many were college students. In her book, Rule notes that most of Bundy's victims had long straight hair parted in the middle—just like Stephanie Brooks, the woman to whom Bundy was engaged in 1973. Rule speculates that Bundy's resentment towards his first girlfriend was a motivating factor in his string of murders.{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=431–432}} However, in a 1980 interview, Bundy dismissed this [[hypothesis]]: "[t]hey... just fit the general criteria of being young and attractive... Too many people have bought this crap that all the girls were similar&nbsp;— hair about the same color, parted in the middle... but if you look at it, almost everything was dissimilar...physically, they were almost all different."{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|p=156}}

After luring a victim to his car, Bundy would hit her in the head with a crowbar he had placed underneath his Volkswagen or hidden inside it. Every recovered skull, except for that of Kimberly Leach, showed signs of [[blunt trauma|blunt force trauma]]. Every recovered body, except for that of Leach, showed signs of strangulation. Many of Bundy's victims were transported a considerable distance from where they disappeared, as in the case of Kathy Parks, whom he drove more than 260 miles from Oregon to Washington. Bundy often would drink alcohol prior to finding a victim;{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=379}} Carol DaRonch testified to smelling alcohol on his breath.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=94}}

Hagmaier stated that Bundy considered himself to be an amateur and impulsive killer in his early years, and then moved into what he considered to be his "prime" or "predator" phase. Bundy stated that this phase began around the time of the Lynda Healy murder, when he began seeking victims he considered to be equal to his skill as a murderer.

On death row, Bundy admitted to decapitating at least a dozen of his victims with a hacksaw.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=339}} He kept the severed heads later found on Taylor Mountain (Rancourt, Parks, Ball, Healy) in his room or apartment for some time before finally disposing of them.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=378, 393}} He confessed to [[cremation|cremating]] Donna Manson's head in his girlfriend's fireplace.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=395}} Some of the skulls of Bundy's victims were found with the front teeth broken out.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=30}} Bundy also confessed to visiting his victims' bodies over and over again at the Taylor Mountain body dump site. He stated that he would lie with them for hours, applying makeup to their corpses and having sex with their decomposing bodies until [[putrefaction]] forced him to abandon the remains. Not long before his death, Bundy admitted to returning to the corpse of Georgeann Hawkins for purposes of [[necrophilia]].{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=22–23}}

Bundy confessed to keeping other souvenirs of his crimes. The Utah police who searched Bundy's apartment in 1975 missed a collection of photographs that Bundy had hidden in the utility room, photos that Bundy destroyed when he returned home after being released on bail.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=258}} His girlfriend Elizabeth once found a bag in his room filled with women's clothing.{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=167}}

When Bundy was confronted by officers who stated that they believed the number of individuals he had murdered was 36, Bundy told them that they should "add one digit to that, and you'll have it." Rule speculated that this meant Bundy might have killed over 100 women.{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=335}} Speaking to his lawyer Polly Nelson in 1988, however, Bundy dismissed the 100+ victims speculation and said that the more common estimate of approximately 35 victims was accurate.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=257}}

== Pathology ==

[[File:Ted Bundy 3.jpg|thumb|150px|Bundy in a fit of rage at the trial for the murder of Kimberly Leach]]

In December 1987, Bundy was examined for seven hours by [[Dorothy Otnow Lewis]], a professor from [[New York University]] Medical Center. Lewis diagnosed Bundy as a [[bipolar disorder|manic depressive]] whose crimes usually occurred during his [[clinical depression|depressive]] episodes.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=152}} To Lewis, Bundy described his childhood, especially his relationship with his maternal grandparents, Samuel and Eleanor Cowell. According to Bundy, grandfather Samuel Cowell was a deacon in his church. Along with the already established description of his grandfather as a tyrannical bully, Bundy described him as a [[bigot]] who hated [[black people|blacks]], [[Italian people|Italians]], [[Catholic]]s and [[Jew]]s. He further stated that his grandfather [[zoosadism|tortured animals]], beating the family dog and swinging neighborhood cats by their tails. He also told Lewis how his grandfather kept a large collection of pornography in his greenhouse where, according to relatives, Bundy and a cousin would sneak to look at it for hours. Family members expressed skepticism over Louise's "Jack Worthington" story of Bundy's parentage and noted that Samuel Cowell once flew into a violent rage when the subject of the boy's father came up.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=330}} Bundy described his grandmother as a timid and obedient wife, who was sporadically taken to hospitals to undergo [[Electroconvulsive therapy|shock treatment]] for depression.{{sfn|Nelson|1994|p=154}} Toward the end of her life, Bundy said, she became [[agoraphobia|agoraphobic]].{{sfn|Rule|2000|pp=501–508}}

Louise Bundy's younger sister Julia recalled a disturbing incident with her young nephew. After lying down in the Cowells' home for a nap, Julia woke to find herself surrounded by knives from the Cowell kitchen. Three-year-old Ted was standing by the bed, smiling at her.{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=505}}

Bundy used stolen [[credit card]]s to purchase more than 30 pairs of socks while on the run in Florida; he was a self-described [[foot fetish]]ist.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=241}}

In the Dobson interview before his execution, Bundy said that violent pornography played a major role in his [[sex crime]]s. According to Bundy, as a young boy he found "outside the home again, in the local grocery store, in a local drug store, the [[soft core pornography]] that people called soft core...And from time to time we would come across pornographic books of a [[Hardcore pornography|harder]] nature...."<ref name="PG_160" /> Bundy said, "It happened in [[Pornography addiction#Stages in Pornography addiction|stages]], gradually. My experience with pornography generally, but with pornography that deals on a violent level with [[Human sexuality|sexuality]], is once you become addicted to it—and I look at this as a kind of [[Behavioral addiction|addiction]] like other kinds of addiction—I would keep looking for more potent, more explicit, more graphic kinds of material. Until you reach a point where the pornography only goes so far, you reach that jumping off point where you begin to wonder if maybe actually doing it would give that which is beyond just reading it or looking at it."<ref name="PG_160">{{cite book|last=Shapiro|first=Ben |title=Porn Generation|publisher=Regnery Publishing|year=2005|page=160|isbn=0895260166}}</ref> Some researchers believe Bundy's late insistence upon pornography as a contributing factor in his crimes was another attempt at manipulation; a vain hope of forestalling his execution by feeding Dobson's own agenda regarding pornography and telling him what he wanted to hear.{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|p=320}}<ref name="CB1">{{cite web|url=http://criminalbrief.com/?p=412| title=The Objective Hoax| last=Sharp|first=Kathleen| date=2007-12-18| publisher=Criminal Brief}}</ref><ref>[http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1817&dat=19890517&id=lzodAAAAIBAJ&sjid=E6YEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5679,5124386 "Bundy: a study in contrast, conflict, violence"], Gregory Enns, ''[[The New York Times]]'' News Service, printed in the ''Tuscaloosa News'', May 18, 1989. Comments from Art Norman and William Hagmaier.</ref>

In a letter written shortly before his escape from the Glenwood Springs jail, Bundy said "I have known people who...radiate vulnerability. Their facial expressions say 'I am afraid of you.' These people invite abuse... By expecting to be hurt, do they subtly encourage it?"{{sfn|Kendall|1981|p=168}} In a 1980 interview, speaking of a serial killer's justification of his actions, Bundy said "So what's one less? What's one less person on the face of the planet?"{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1989|p=188}} When Florida detectives asked Bundy to tell them where he had left Kimberly Leach's body to give her family closure, Bundy allegedly said, "But I'm the most cold-hearted son of a bitch you'll ever meet."{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=263}}

== Victims ==

Below is a chronological list of Ted Bundy's known victims. Bundy never made a comprehensive confession of his crimes and his true total is not known, but before his execution, he confessed to Hagmaier to having committed 30 murders, only 20 of which were identified. The total included 11 in Washington state (three unidentified, Kathy Parks included in the eleven), eight in Utah (three unidentified), three in Colorado, three in Florida, two in Oregon (both unidentified), two in Idaho (one unidentified), and one in California (unidentified).{{sfn|Michaud|Aynesworth|1999|p=339}} Included below are the twenty known, identified Bundy murder victims and five women who are known to have survived attacks from Ted Bundy.

=== 1974 ===

* January 4: "Joni Lenz" (pseudonym) (survived). University of Washington first-year student who was bludgeoned in her bed and impaled with a [[Speculum (medical)|speculum]] in her vagina as she slept.
* February 1: Lynda Ann Healy (21). Bludgeoned while asleep and abducted from the house she shared with other female [[University of Washington]] students.
* March 12: Donna Gail Manson (19). Abducted while walking to a jazz concert on the [[Evergreen State College]] campus, Olympia, Washington. Bundy confessed to her murder, but her body was never found.
* April 17: Susan Elaine Rancourt (18). Disappeared as she walked across Ellensburg's [[Central Washington University|Central Washington State College]] campus at night.
* May 6: Roberta Kathleen "Kathy" Parks (22). Vanished from [[Oregon State University]] in [[Corvallis, Oregon]] while walking to another dormitory to have coffee with friends.
* June 1: Brenda Carol Ball (22). Disappeared from the Flame Tavern in [[Burien, Washington]].
* June 11: Georgeann Hawkins (18). Disappeared from behind her sorority house, [[Kappa Alpha Theta]], at the University of Washington.
* July 14: Janice Ann Ott (23) and Denise Marie Naslund (19). Abducted several hours apart from [[Lake Sammamish]] State Park in [[Issaquah, Washington]].
* September 2: Unknown teenage hitchhiker, [[Idaho]]. Confessed before his execution. No remains found.
* October 2: Nancy Wilcox (16). Disappeared in [[Holladay, Utah]]. Her body was never found.
* October 18: Melissa Anne Smith (17). Vanished from [[Midvale, Utah]], after leaving a pizza parlor.
* October 31: Laura Aime (17). Disappeared from a Halloween party at [[Lehi, Utah]].
* November 8: Carol DaRonch (survived). Escaped from Bundy by jumping out from his car in [[Murray, Utah]].
* November 8: Debra "Debby" Kent (17). Vanished from the parking lot of a school in [[Bountiful, Utah]], hours after Carol DaRonch escaped from Bundy. Shortly before his execution, Bundy confessed to investigators that he dumped Kent at a site near [[Fairview, Utah]]. An intense search of the site produced a human [[patella]] (knee cap), which matched the [[offender profiling|profile]] for someone of Kent's age and size. [[DNA testing]] has not been attempted.<ref>Schulte, Scott (2007-07-10). "When Evil Walked Our Street".[http://scottschulte.blogspot.com/2007/07/when-evil-walked-our-streets-davis.html] Scott Schulte. Retrieved on 2008-08-18.</ref>

=== 1975 ===

* January 12: Caryn Campbell (23). Campbell, a [[Michigan]] nurse, vanished between her hotel lounge and room while on a ski trip with her fiancé in [[Snowmass, Colorado]].
* March 15: Julie Cunningham (26). Disappeared while on her way to a nearby tavern in [[Vail, Colorado]]. Bundy confessed to investigators he had buried Cunningham's body near Rifle, [[Garfield County, Colorado|Garfield County]], Colorado, but a search did not produce remains.<ref>Jackson, Steve. ''No Stone Unturned: The Story of NecroSearch International''. New York, NY: Kensington Books, 2002. 75–90.</ref>
* April 6: Denise Oliverson (25). Abducted while [[bicycling]] to visit her parents in [[Grand Junction, Colorado]]. Bundy provided details of her murder, but her body was never found.
* May 6: Lynette Culver (13). Snatched from a school playground at Alameda Junior High School in [[Pocatello, Idaho]]. Her body was never found.
* June 28: Susan Curtis (15). Disappeared while walking alone to the dormitories during a youth conference at [[Brigham Young University]] in [[Provo, Utah]]. Her body was never found.

=== 1978 ===

* January 15: Lisa Levy (20), Margaret Bowman (21), Karen Chandler (survived), Kathy Kleiner (survived). The [[Chi Omega]] killings, [[Florida State University]], [[Tallahassee, Florida]].
* January 15: Cheryl Thomas (survived). Bludgeoned in her bed, eight blocks away from the [[Chi Omega]] Sorority house.
* February 9: Kimberly Leach (12), kidnapped from her junior high school in [[Lake City, Florida]]. She was raped, murdered and her body discarded in [[Florida]]'s [[Suwannee River State Park]]. It was the Leach murder for which Bundy was actually executed.

=== Possible additional victims ===

Bundy remains a suspect in other unsolved murders beyond the twenty known, identified victims whom he confessed to killing. Rule and Keppel believe Bundy may have started killing as far back as his early teens.{{sfn|Rule|2000|p=526}}{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=399–400}} Ann Marie Burr, an eight-year-old girl from Tacoma, vanished from her home in 1961 when Bundy was 14 years old. Bundy always denied killing her.{{sfn|Keppel|2005|p=387}} He was for many years a suspect in the December 1973 murder of Kathy Devine in Washington state,{{sfn|Keppel|2005|pp=257–262}} but [[DNA profiling|DNA analysis]] led to William Cosden's arrest and conviction for that crime in 2002.<ref>[http://news.theolympian.com/stories/20020309/HomePageStories/31824.shtml "DNA evidence points finger in 28-year-old murder case", ''The Olympian'', March 9, 2002].</ref><ref>[http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20020730&slug=webdna30 "Man sentenced to life in prison for 1973 murder", ''Seattle Times'', July 30, 2002].</ref> Bundy is a suspect in the murder of Melanie Suzanne "Suzy" Cooley, who disappeared April 15, 1975, after leaving Nederland High School in [[Nederland, Colorado]]. Her bludgeoned and strangled corpse was discovered by road maintenance workers on May 2, 1975, in nearby Coal Creek Canyon. Gas receipts place Bundy in nearby [[Golden, Colorado|Golden]], the day of the Cooley abduction.<ref>Holmes, Ronald M., and Stephen T. Holmes. ''Profiling Violent Crimes: An Investigative Tool''. Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1989. 76.</ref> The Jefferson County, Colorado, Sheriff's Office has classified the Melanie Cooley murder as a [[cold case (criminology)|cold case]].<ref>Jefferson County, Colorado, Sheriff's Office. "Cold Cases" [http://www.co.jefferson.co.us/sheriff/sheriff_T62_R60.htm]. Retrieved 2008-08-18.</ref> He is a suspect in the murder of Carol Valenzuela, who disappeared from [[Vancouver, Washington]], on August 2, 1974. Her remains were discovered two months later south of [[Olympia, Washington]], along with those of an unidentified female.<ref>Vronsky, Peter. ''Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters''. New York, NY: Berkley Books, 2004. 132.</ref> However, law enforcement authorities are still investigating another suspect for the Valenzuela murder.<ref>[http://www.aolnews.com/crime/article/dna-clue-may-end-38-year-mystery-and-starr-laras-pain/19496283?ncid=AOLDSN00280000000020 "DNA Clue May End 38-Year Mystery, and a Sister's Pain"], AOL News, May 29, 2010.</ref>

== In film ==

Three [[TV movie]]s and two [[feature film]]s have been produced about Bundy and his crimes.

* ''[[The Deliberate Stranger]]'', a two-part TV movie, aired on [[NBC]] in 1986 and starred [[Mark Harmon]] as Bundy.<ref>{{imdb title|id=0090925|title=The Deliberate Stranger}}</ref>
* ''[[Ted Bundy (film)|Ted Bundy]]'', released in 2002, was directed by [[Matthew Bright]]. [[Michael Reilly Burke]] starred as Bundy.<ref>{{imdb title|id=0284929|title=Ted Bundy}}</ref>
* ''[[The Stranger Beside Me]]'', based on the book by [[Ann Rule]], aired on the [[USA Network]] in 2003, and starred [[Billy Campbell]] as Bundy and [[Barbara Hershey]] as [[Ann Rule]].<ref>{{imdb title|id=0360033|title=The Stranger Beside Me}}</ref>
* In 2004, the [[A&E Network]] produced an adaptation of Robert Keppel's book ''The Riverman'', which starred [[Cary Elwes]] as Bundy and [[Bruce Greenwood]] as Keppel.<ref>{{imdb title|id=0304636|title=The Riverman}}</ref>
* In 2008, Feifer Worldwide DVD release ''[[Bundy: A Legacy of Evil]]'' (previously titled ''Bundy: An American Icon''), starring [[Corin Nemec]] as Ted Bundy.<ref>{{imdb title|id=1235059|title=Bundy: A Legacy of Evil}}</ref>
<!--Folks, please do not add trivia. The above "In film" section are films that are specifically about Ted Bundy. There is no place in this article for passing mentions of him on tv, in music, or other esoteric references. Please adhere to this notice. All other references to him in media other than specific films, TV specials or books will be removed. Thank you.-->

== Notes ==

{{Reflist| 2}}

== Bibliography ==

* {{cite book
  | last = Keppel
  | first = Robert
  | authorlink = Robert D. Keppel
  | title = The Riverman: Ted Bundy and I Hunt for the Green River Killer
  | year = 2005
  | publisher = Pocket Books
  | edition = Paperback
  | isbn = 978-0-743-46395-9
  | ref = harv
  }} Updated after the arrest and confession of the [[Green River killer]], [[Gary Ridgway]].
* {{cite book
  | last = Kendall
  | first = Elizabeth
  | coauthors = (Pseudonym for Elizabeth Kloepfer)
  | title = The Phantom Prince: My Life With Ted Bundy
  | year = 1981
  | month = September
  | publisher = Madrona Pub
  | edition = Hardcover, 1st
  | isbn = 978-0-914-84270-5
  | ref = harv
  }}
* {{cite book
  | last = Larsen
  | first = Richard W.
  | title = [[The Deliberate Stranger|Bundy: The Deliberate Stranger]]
  | year = 1980
  | publisher = Prentice Hall
  | edition = hardcover
  | isbn = 978-0-130-89185-3
  | ref = harv
  }}
* {{cite book
  | last1 = Michaud
  | first1 = Stephen
  | last2 = Aynesworth
  | first2 = Hugh
  | authorlink2 = Hugh Aynesworth
  | title = The Only Living Witness
  | year = 1999
  | month = August
  | publisher = Authorlink<!--says Amazon-->
  | edition = Paperback; Revised
  | isbn = 978-1-928-70411-9
  | ref = harv
  }}
* {{cite book
  | last1 = Michaud
  | first1 = Stephen
  | last2 = Aynesworth
  | first2 = Hugh
  | authorlink2 = Hugh Aynesworth
  | title = Ted Bundy: Conversations with a Killer
  | year = 1989
  | month = October
  | publisher = Signet
  | edition = Paperback
  | isbn = 978-0-451-16355-4
  | ref = harv
  }} Transcripts of the authors' Death Row interviews with Bundy.
* {{cite book
  | last = Nelson
  | first = Polly
  | title = Defending the Devil: My Story as Ted Bundy's Last Lawyer
  | year = 1994
  | publisher = William Morrow
  | edition =
  | isbn = 978-0-688-10823-6
  | ref = harv
  }}
* {{cite book
  | last = Rule
  | first = Ann
  | authorlink = Ann Rule
  | title = The Stranger Beside Me
  | year = 2000
  | publisher = Signet
  | edition = Paperback; updated 20th anniversary
  | isbn = 978-0-451-20326-7
  | ref = harv
  }}
* {{cite book
  | last = Sullivan
  | first = Kevin M.
  | title = The Bundy Murders: A Comprehensive History
  | year = 2009
  | publisher = McFarland and Co.
  | edition = Paperback
  | isbn = 978-0-786-44426-7
  | ref = harv
  }}
* {{cite book
  | last1 = Winn
  | first1 = Steven
  | last2 = Merrill
  | first2 = David
  | title = Ted Bundy: The Killer Next Door
  | year = 1980
  | publisher = Bantam
  | edition = Paperback
  | isbn = 978-0-553-20849-8
  | ref = harv
  }}

== External links ==

{{Commons category}} 
* [http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/bundy/index_1.html Ted Bundy] at CrimeLibrary.com, and Crime Library [http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/criminal_mind/profiling/keppel1/1.html interview] with Bob Keppel
* [http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19790718&id=pxQOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=TXwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5384,1036952 Google] news [http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19790710&id=JAEMAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2VgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6424,1831474 scans] of local Florida newspaper coverage of the Chi Omega trial
* Kimberly Leach [http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/flsupct/59128/59128.html appeals, briefs, and court ruling], Chi Omega [http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/flsupct/57772/57772.html appeals, briefs, and court ruling], 1986 [http://supreme.justia.com/us/479/894/case.html ruling] by the [[United States Supreme Court]] in Leach case, 1989 Leach [http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/flsupct/73585/73585.html appeal, brief and court ruling] by the Florida Supreme Court
* July 16, 1979 TIME magazine [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,920498-1,00.html article] about the Chi Omega trial
* [http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/bundy.htm FBI file] on Ted Bundy (257 pages, in two parts)
* [http://www.kirotv.com/news/4182402/detail.html Audiotapes] of Bundy's 1989 confessions
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20060621144017/tedbundy.com/errata/freebies/Ted+Bundy+Multiagency+Investigative+Team+Report+1992+from+tedbundy.com.pdf Ted Bundy Multiagency Investigative Team Report], a law enforcement dossier containing a detailed timeline of Bundy's life

{{Persondata
| NAME=Bundy, Ted
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Bundy, Theodore Robert
| SHORT DESCRIPTION=Serial killer
| DATE OF BIRTH=November 24, 1946
| PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Burlington, Vermont]], [[United States]]
| DATE OF DEATH=January 24, 1989
| PLACE OF DEATH=[[Raiford, Florida]], [[United States]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bundy, Ted}}
<!--⏎
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:1974 murders in the United States]]
[[Category:1975 murders in the United States]]
[[Category:1978 murders in the United States]]
[[Category:20th-century executions by Florida]]
[[Category:20th-century executions of American people by electric chair]]
[[Category:American escapees]]
[[Category:American murderers of children]]
[[Category:American people convicted of kidnapping]]
[[Category:American people convicted of murdercrimes]]
[[Category:1975 crimes]]
[[Category:1978 murders in the United States]]
[[Category:20th-century executions by the United States]]
[[Category:American people convicted of murder]]
[[Category:American escapees]]
[[Category:American murderers of children]]
[[Category:American rapists]]
[[Category:American serial killers]]
[[Category:American kidnappers]]⏎
[[Category:Escapees from Colorado detention]]
[[Category:Executed American people]]
[[Category:Executed serial killers]]
[[Category:FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives]]
[[Category:Male serial killers]]⏎
[[Category:Necrophiles]]
[[Category:People convicted of murder by Florida]]
[[Category:People executed by Florida by electric chair]]
[[Category:People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:People from Tacoma, Washington]]
[[Category:People with antisocial personality disorder]]
[[Category:People with narcissistic personality disorder]]
[[Category:University of Puget Sound alumni]]
[[Category:University of Utah alumni]]
[[Category:University of Washington alumni]]
[[Category:Washington (state) Republicans]]
-->electric chair]]
[[Category:People executed by Florida]]
[[Category:People from Burlington, Vermont]]
[[Category:People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:People from Tacoma, Washington]]
[[Category:University of Puget Sound alumni]]
[[Category:University of Utah alumni]]
[[Category:University of Washington alumni]]
[[Category:Washington (U.S. state) Republicans]]

[[ar:تيد بندي]]
[[bg:Тед Бънди]]
[[cs:Ted Bundy]]
[[da:Ted Bundy]]
[[de:Ted Bundy]]
[[et:Ted Bundy]]
[[es:Ted Bundy]]
[[fa:تد باندی]]
[[fr:Ted Bundy]]
[[ko:테드 번디]]
[[hr:Ted Bundy]]
[[is:Ted Bundy]]
[[it:Ted Bundy]]
[[he:טד בנדי]]
[[hu:Ted Bundy]]
[[nl:Ted Bundy]]
[[ja:テッド・バンディ]]
[[no:Ted Bundy]]
[[pl:Ted Bundy]]
[[pt:Ted Bundy]]
[[ru:Банди, Теодор Роберт]]
[[simple:Ted Bundy]]
[[sk:Ted Bundy]]
[[sr:Тед Банди]]
[[fi:Ted Bundy]]
[[sv:Ted Bundy]]
[[th:เท็ด บันดี]]
[[tr:Ted Bundy]]
[[zh:泰德·邦迪]]