Difference between revisions 147106892 and 147106893 on dewiki

{{otheruses|Kingdom of Italy}}
{{Infobox Former Country
|native_name = ''Regno d'Italia''
|conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Italy
|common_name = Italy
|continent = Europe
|region    = Italy
|country   = Italy
(contracted; show full)|image_flag  = Flag_of_Italy_(1861-1946)_crowned.svg‎ 
|symbol       = 
|symbol_type  = 
|image_coat = CoA_fam_ITA_savoia.svg‎ 
|coa_size    = 60px
|image_map = Italian_empire_1940.PNG‎ 
|image_map_caption = The Kingdom of Italy and its possessions at the height of its power in 1940.
|capital          = [[Turin]] (until 
[[1864]])<br>[[Florence]] ([[1864]]–[[1871|71]]–71)<br>[[Rome]](from [[1871]])
|national_motto   = 
|national_anthem  = ''[[Marcia Reale|Marcia Reale d'Ordinanza]]''<br>(Royal March of Ordinance)¹
|common_languages = [[Italian language|Italian]]
|religion         = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]]
|currency         = Italian lira
|government_type  = Constitutional monarchy
|
|leader1      = [[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy|Vittorio Emanuele II]]
|year_leader1 = [[1861]]–[[1878|78]]–78
|leader2      = [[Umberto I of Italy|Umberto I]]
|year_leader2 = [[1878]]–[[–1900]]
|leader3      = [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy|Vittorio Emanuele III]]
|year_leader3 = [[1900]]–[[1946|46]]–46
|leader4      = [[Umberto II of Italy|Umberto II]]
|year_leader4 = [[1946]]
|title_leader = [[King of Italy|King]]
|deputy1      = Count [[Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour|di Cavour]] (first)
|year_deputy1 = [[1861]]
|deputy2      = [[Benito Mussolini]]
|year_deputy2 = [[1922]]–[[1943|43]]–43
|deputy3      = [[Alcide De Gasperi]] (last)
|year_deputy3 = [[1945]]–[[1946|46]]–46
|title_deputy = [[List of prime ministers of Italy|Prime Minister]]
|legislature  = <!-- Parliament -->
|house1       = [[Italian Senate|Senate]]
|house2       = [[Italian Chamber of Deputies|Chamber of Deputies]]
|house3       = [[Grand Council of Fascism]] ([[1928]]–[[1943|43]]–43)
|
|stat_year1   = 
|stat_area1   = 
|stat_pop1    = 
|
|footnotes    = 1: Unofficial anthem ''[[Giovinezza]]'' (The Youth) [[1922]]–[[1943|43]]–43 [http://www.nationalanthems.info/it-gio.htm]
}}
The '''Kingdom of Italy''' ([[Italian language|Italian]]: ''Regno d'Italia'') was a state forged in 1861 by the [[Italian unification|unification of Italy]] under the influence of the [[Kingdom of Sardinia]]; it existed until 1946 when the Italians opted for a [[republic]]an [[constitution]]. The Kingdom was the first Italian state to include the entire [[Italian Peninsula]] since the fall of the [[Roman (contracted; show full)

The Kingdom also held colonies and protectorates, such as modern-day [[Eritrea]], [[Somalia]], [[Libya]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Albania]], [[Greece]] (occupied in World War II), [[Kosovo]] province of [[Serbia]] (occupied in World War II), and [[Montenegro]] (occupied in World War II).

==Government==

The Kingdom of Italy was theoretically a [[constitutional monarchy]], although between 
[[1925]] and [[1943]] it was in fact a [[fascism|fascist]] dictatorship.  Executive power belonged to the monarch, as executed through appointed ministers.  Two chambers of parliament restricted the monarch's power — an appointive Senate and an elective Chamber of Deputies.

== Monarchs ==
The monarchs of the [[House of Savoy]] who led Italy were
* '''[[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy|Victor Emmanuel II]]''' ([[1861]]–[[1878|78]]–78) — Former [[King of Sardinia]] and first king of united Italy.
* '''[[Umberto I of Italy|Umberto I]]''' ([[1878]]–[[–1900]]) — Approved the [[Triple Alliance]] with [[Germany]] and [[Austria-Hungary]]. Assasinated in 1900 by an anarchist.
* '''[[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy|Victor Emmanuel III]]''' ([[1900]]–[[1946|46]]–46) — King of Italy during the First World War and during the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini.
* '''[[Umberto II of Italy|Umberto II]]''' ([[1946]]) — The last King of Italy who was pressured to call a referendum on whether Italy would retain the monarchy, in which Italians voted for a republic.

==''Risorgimento'': Italian unification, 1859–1870==
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After the Great Depression hit the world economy in 1929, the Fascist regime followed other nations in enacting protectionist tariffs and attempted to set direction for the economy. In the 1930s, the government pushed and succeeded in increasing wheat production, which made Italy self-sufficient for wheat and no longer had to import wheat from [[Canada]] and the [[United States]].<ref>Pauley, p86</ref> However this came at the cost of decrease in other production in vegetables and fruit due to 
acreageland being supplied to wheat producers.<ref>Pauley, p86</ref> Despite improving production for wheat, the situation for peasants themselves did not improve. 0.5% of the Italian population (usually wealthy), owned 42 percent of all agricultural land in Italy,<ref>Pauley, p87</ref> income for peasants did not increase while taxes did increase.<ref>Pauley, p87</ref> The Depression caused unemployment to rise from 300,000 to 1 million in 1933.<ref>Pauley, p88</ref> It(contracted; show full)1936). Italy invaded the [[Ethiopian Empire]] from the Italian colonies of [[Eritrea]] and [[Somalia]]. The native Ethiopians stood no chance at defeating the Italian Army, most of their warriors were still armed with spears and wooden shields.  Italy committed a number of atrocities against Ethiopians during the war including the use of aircraft to drop [[poison gas]] on the defending Ethiopian warriors. Ethiopia surrendered in 1936, completing Italy's revenge for its failed colonial conquest of the 
[[1880s]]. King [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy|Victor Emanuele III]] was soon proclaimed [[Rulers and heads of state of Ethiopia|Emperor of Abyssinia (Ethiopia)]]. The international consequences for Italy's belligerence resulted in its isolation at the League of Nations. France and Britain quickly abandoned their trust with Mussolini. The only nation to back Italy's aggression was [[Nazi Germany]] under [[Adolf Hitler]]. This would be the beginning of a future alliance.

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[[de:Königreich Italien]]
[[hy:Իտալիայի Թագավորություն (1861–1946)]]
[[ko:이탈리아 왕국]]
[[it:Regno d'Italia (1861-1946)]]
[[ja:イタリア王国]]
[[nl:Koninkrijk Italië (1861-1946)]]
[[zh:意大利王国]]