Difference between revisions 160027652 and 160027653 on dewiki

{{for|the Chinese ethnicity, regardless of nationality or political affiliation|Han Chinese}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
[[File:Beijing-Niujie-Minzu-Tuanjie-Da-Jiating-3666.jpg|thumb|Portion of a mural in [[Beijing]] depicting the 56 [[List of ethnic groups in China|recognized ethnic groups]] of [[China]]]]

'''Chinese people''' are the various individuals or groups of people associated with [[China]] (or [[Greater China]]),<ref>{{cite journal|last=Harding |first=Harry |year=1993 |title=The Concept of "greater China": Themes, Variations and Reservations |journal=The China Quarterly |issue=136 |pages=660–86 |jstor=655587 }}</ref> either by reason of ancestry, heredity, ethnicity, nationality, citizenship, place of residence, or other affiliation.

==Ancestry or heredity==
[[File:Yellow and green hanfu.jpg|thumbnail|Woman wearing yellow and green [[hanfu]], a traditional dress of Han Chinese people]]
{{Further information|List of ethnic groups in China|Ethnic minorities in China}}
A number of [[ethnic group]]s within China, as well as people elsewhere with ancestry in the region, may be referred to as Chinese people.<ref name="MWD">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Chinese |encyclopedia=Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary |edition=Tenth |publisher=Merriam-Webster |year=1993}}</ref>

[[Han Chinese|Han]], the largest ethnic group in China, are often referred to as "Chinese" or "ethnic Chinese" in English.<ref name="Chinese people">[http://www.huayuqiao.org/articles/shcheong/shcheong02.htm Who are the Chinese people?] {{zh icon}}. Huayuqiao.org. Retrieved on 2013-04-26.</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Han |encyclopedia=Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary |edition=Tenth |publisher=Merriam-Webster |year=1993}}</ref> The Han also form a majority or large minority in other countries, and may comprise as much as 19% of the global human population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2011/03/04/worlds-most-typical-person-han-chinese-man/ |title=World’s Most Typical Person: Han Chinese Man|website=China Real Time |publisher=Wall Street Journal |date=March 4, 2011 |accessdate=2014-07-23}}</ref>

Other ethnic groups in China include the [[Zhuang people|Zhuang]], [[Hui people|Hui]], [[Manchu people|Manchu]], and [[Uyghur people|Uyghurs]], among many others. The People's Republic of China (PRC) officially recognizes 56 distinct ethnic groups, some of whom live in [[special administrative region]]s of the country. The Republic of China (ROC) officially recognizes 14 tribes of [[Taiwanese aborigines]], who together with unrecognized tribes comprise about 2% of the country's population.<ref>{{cite book|last=Copper|first=John F.|title=Historical Dictionary of Taiwan (Republic of China)|year=2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-4307-1|page=53}}</ref> The list of ethnic groups in China includes the major ethnic groups of China (PRC) and Taiwan.

During the [[Qing dynasty]] the term "Chinese people" (Chinese: 中國之人 ''Zhōngguó zhī rén''; Manchu: ''Dulimbai gurun i niyalma'') was used by the Qing government to refer to all subjects of the empire, including Han, Manchu, and Mongols.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Zhao |first=Gang |year=2006 |title=Reinventing China: Imperial Qing ideology and the rise of Modern Chinese national identity in the early twentieth century |url=https://webspace.utexas.edu/hl4958/perspectives/Zhao%20-%20reinventing%20china.pdf |journal=Modern China |publisher=Sage |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=3–30 |doi=10.1177/0097700405282349 |access-date=29 May 2016 |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325231543/https://webspace.utexas.edu/hl4958/perspectives/Zhao%20-%20reinventing%20china.pdf |archivedate=25 March 2014 }}</ref>

''[[Zhonghua minzu]]'' ({{zh|t=中華民族|s=中华民族|p=Zhōnghuá Mínzú}}), the "Chinese nation", is a supra-ethnic concept which includes all 56 ethnic groups living in China that are officially recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China. It includes established ethnic groups who have lived within the borders of China since at least the [[Qing Dynasty]] (1644–1911).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinatraveldepot.com/C247-Chinese-nationality |title=Brief Introduction Chinese nationality |website=Chinatraveldepot.com|accessdate=2014-07-23}}</ref> This term replaced ''zhongguo renmin'' ({{zh|中国人民}}), "Chinese people", the term used during the life of [[Mao Zedong]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Jenner|first=W.J.F.|editor=Alan Lawrance|title=China Since 1919: Revolution and Reform: a Sourcebook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JWc9Ia7TcaMC&pg=PA252|year=2004|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-25141-9|pages=252–255|chapter=Race and history in China}}</ref> The term ''zhonghua minzu'' was used by the Republic of China from 1911–1949 to refer to a subset of [[Five Races Under One Union|five ethnic groups]] in China.<ref>{{cite book|last=Millward|first=James A.|title=Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang|year=2007|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-13924-3}}</ref>

==Nationality, citizenship, or residence==
The [[Nationality law of the People's Republic of China]] regulates [[nationality]] within the PRC. A person obtains nationality either by birth when at least one parent is of Chinese nationality or by [[naturalization]]. All persons holding nationality of the People's Republic of China are [[citizen]]s of the Republic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/constitution/constitution.html |title=Constitution of the People's Republic of China (Article 33) |website=People's Daily Online |date=May 2, 1982|accessdate=2014-07-23}}</ref>

The [[Resident Identity Card]] is the official form of identification for residents of the People's Republic of China.

Within the People's Republic of China, a [[Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport]] or [[Macao Special Administrative Region passport]] may be issued to Chinese citizens who are residents of Hong Kong or Macao, respectively.

The [[Nationality law of the Republic of China]] regulates nationality within the [[Republic of China (Taiwan)]]. A person obtains nationality either by birth or by naturalization. A person with at least one parent who is a national of the Republic of China, or born in the ROC to stateless parents qualifies for nationality by birth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=D0030001 |title=Nationality Act |website=Laws & Regulations Database of the Republic of China|date=2006-01-27|accessdate=2014-07-23}}</ref>

The relationship between Taiwanese nationality and Chinese nationality is disputed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.immigration.gov.tw/immig_eng/aspcode/showactsregu.asp?id=3 |title=Nationality Act |work=National Immigration Agency, immigration.gov.tw |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927192912/http://www.immigration.gov.tw/immig_eng/aspcode/showactsregu.asp?id=3 |archivedate=27 September 2007 }}</ref>

The [[National Identification Card (Republic of China)|National Identification Card]] is an identity document issued to people who have [[Hukou system|household registration]] in [[Taiwan]]. The [[Resident Certificate]] is an identification card issued to residents of the Republic of China who do not hold a National Identification Card.

==Overseas Chinese==
[[Overseas Chinese]] refers to people of Chinese ethnicity or national heritage who live outside of the People's Republic of China or Taiwan as the result of the continuing [[Chinese diaspora|diaspora]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Barabantseva|first=Elena|title=Overseas Chinese, Ethnic Minorities and Nationalism: De-Centering China|year=2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-92736-2}}</ref> People with one or more Chinese ancestors may consider themselves overseas Chinese.<ref>{{cite book|last=Park|first=Yoon Jung|title=A Matter of Honour: Being Chinese in South Africa|year=2008|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-3553-2|page=155}}</ref> Such people vary widely in terms of [[cultural assimilation]]. In some areas throughout the world [[ethnic enclave]]s known as [[Chinatown]]s are home to populations of Chinese ancestry.

In [[Southeast Asia]], Chinese people call themselves 華人 (''Huárén''), which is distinguished from (中國人) (''Zhōngguórén'') or the citizens of the [[People's Republic of China]] or the [[Republic of China]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Beeson|first=Mark|title=Contemporary Southeast Asia|year=2008|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-06880-4|page=118}}</ref> This is especially so in the Chinese communities of Southeast Asia.

==See also==
{{Portal|China}}
* [[Chinese American]]
* [[Chinese Canadian]]
* [[Chinese Indonesians]]
* [[Chinese Filipino]]
* [[Chinese Brazilian]]
* [[Chinese Singaporeans]]
*[[Chinese Cambodian]]
*[[Chinese Vietnamese (disambiguation)|Chinese Vietnamese]]
* [[Chinese nationality (disambiguation)|Chinese nationality]]
* [[Ethnic minorities in China]]
* [[British Chinese]]
* [[Chinese Americans in New York City]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{citation
  | title = The Qing Opening to the Ocean: Chinese Maritime Policies, 1684–1757
  | first = Gang | last = Zhao
  | publisher = University of Hawaii Press | year = 2013
  | isbn = 978-0-8248-3643-6
  | ref = none
  | postscript = .
  }}{{Relevance inline|discuss=Qing Opening to the Ocean|date=January 2016}}

==External links==
* [http://www.c-c-c.org/chineseculture/minority/minority.html Chinese Ethnic Minorities]
* {{Citation
  |url = =http://www.ocac.gov.tw/english/public/public.asp?selno=1163&no=1163&level=B⏎
⏎
 ⏎
  ⏎
 |title = =The Ranking of Ethnic Chinese Population⏎
⏎
 ⏎
  ⏎
 |accessdate = =2008-11-02⏎
⏎
 ⏎
  ⏎
 |publisher = =Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, Republic of China ⏎
 |deadurl=yes 
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131123193905/http://www.ocac.gov.tw:80/english/public/public.asp?selno=1163&no=1163&level=B 
 |archivedate=23 November 2013 
 |df=dmy 
}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Chinese people| ]]