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{{Unreferenced|date=June 2009}}
{{See also|Tilt-shift photography}}
[[Image:Train tilt shift.jpg|thumb|right|A digitally tilt-shifted image of a train, distorting the subject's apparent scale.]]
[[Image:Miniature.jpg|thumb|right|Another tilt-shifted miniature effect.]]
'''Tilt-shift miniature faking''' is a process in which a [[photograph]] of a life-size location or object is manipulated so that it looks like a photograph of a miniature [[scale model]]. By distorting the [[focus (optics)|focus]] of the photo,{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} the artist simulates the shallow [[depth of field]] normally encountered with [[macro lens]]es making the scene seem much smaller than it actually is.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} Many miniature faked photographs are taken from a high angle to further simulate the effect of looking down on a miniature. Objects oriented horizontally, such as the train in the first example, make better subjects for tilt-shift{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} miniature faking than vertically oriented objects.
==Techniques==
[[Image:Jodhpur tilt shift.jpg|thumb|right|Miniature fake of [[Jodhpur]].]]
[[Image:Jodhpur rooftops.jpg|thumb|right|Original photo.]]
The effect can be achieved optically by using a [[tilt-shift lens]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} It can also be achieved using an image editor by blurring the top and bottom of the photograph so that only the subject is in focus. The freedom of having an editable [[image gradient|gradient]] map in the digital world allows for a greater degree of control over which areas in the foreground and background are going to be blurred. Other techniques to enhance the effect involve increasing the [[contrast (vision)|contrast]] of the picture, simulating the darker, harder shadows of a miniature under a light and increasing the [[colorfulness|saturation]] of the picture to simulate the brighter colors of a painted miniature.
It is perhaps improper to refer to this technique as "tilt-shifting". These more detailed digital "fakes" do not simulate the effect of tilt-shifting per se, rather it merely simulates the effect of photographing a miniature, and to a much more realistic effect than a tilt-shifted photograph.{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}}
==New Applications==
Tilt-shift miniature faking was first publicly seen in '''motion picture''' form in "[[Harrowdown Hill]]" a music video for [[Thom Yorke]] of [[Radiohead]]. The project was produced at Bent Image Lab in July 2006, and directed by filmmaker [[Chel White]]. In this instance, the false miniaturization effect was achieved digitally, using helicopter footage of full-size vernal and urban landscapes that was broken down into separate planes. Bent Image Lab coined their process [[Smallgantics]]. It involves hand creating as many as eight planes of ''z''-buffering over live-action footage, one frame at a time, resulting in an animated black and white matte (filmmaking) sequence. These mattes are then blended together with varying degrees of blur to create the effect of shallow depth of field.
==Usage==
*Miniature faked scenes of the Las Vegas skyline were featured prominently in the ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation|CSI]]'' episode "Living Doll" in which the [[The Miniature Killer]] is revealed.
*Photographs taken with the technique have been used in a set of [[Commercial bumper|bumps]] on [[Cartoon Network]]'s [[Adult Swim]] nighttime lineup.
*Faked miniature crowd scenes are used in the intro sequence of the TV series ''[[Dollhouse (TV series)|Dollhouse]]''.
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tilt-Shift Miniature Faking}}
[[Category:Photographic techniques]]
{{Photography-stub}}
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