Revision 108106733 of "Benutzer:WorldPeace25/Sinosphere" on dewiki

{{Contains Chinese text}}
{{Primary sources|date=April 2011}}
{{Chinese
|title=Sinosphere
|pic=East Asian Cultural Sphere.png
|picsize=260px
|s=汉字文化圈
|t=漢字文化圏
|p= Hànzì Wénhuà Quān
|j= hon<sup>3</sup> zi<sup>6</sup> man<sup>4</sup> faa<sup>3</sup> hyun<sup>1</sup>
|wuu=hoe<sup>去</sup> zy<sup>去</sup> ven<sup>平</sup> ho<sup>去</sup> jioe<sup>上</sup>
|poj=hàn-jī bûn-huà-khuan
|h=hon<sup>55</sup> sii<sup>55</sup> vun<sup>11</sup> fa<sup>55</sup> kien<sup>24</sup>
|kanji=漢字文化圏
|kana=かんじぶんかけん
|romaji=kanji bunkaken
|hanja=漢字文化圈
|hangul=한자문화권
|rr=hanja munhwagwon
|qn=Hán tự văn hoá quyển<small>([[Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary|Sino-Viet.]])</small> <br>Khu vực văn hóa chữ Hán <small>(native)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vienvanhoc.org.vn/reader/?id=80&menu=107 |title=Thời Trung đại trong văn học các nước khu vực văn hoá chữ Hán |publisher=Vienvanhoc.org.vn |date=2009-09-24 |accessdate=2010-05-03}}</ref><ref>[http://www.hcmussh.edu.vn/ussh/NewsEventAnnouncement/ViewNewsEvent.aspx?p0=0&p1=1066&p2=1&p4=3240&p7=&p8=0 Thư mời hội thảo Quá trình hiện đại hóa văn học Nhật Bản và các nước khu vực văn hóa chữ Hán]</ref>
|hn=漢字文化圈 <small>([[Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary|Sino-Viet.]])</small> <br>區域文化𡨸漢 <small>(native)</small>}}

[[File:漢字文化圈／汉字文化圈 · 한자 문화권 · Vòng văn hóa chữ Hán · 漢字文化圏.png|thumb|The ways of saying "Sinosphere" in major languages of Sinosphere.]]
In [[areal linguistics]], '''Sinosphere''' ({{Zh|s=汉字文化圈|t=漢字文化圏|p=Hànzì Wénhuà Quān|l=Chinese character culture circle}}) refers to a grouping of countries and regions that are currently inhabited with a majority of [[Han Chinese|Chinese]] population or were historically under [[Culture of China|Chinese cultural]] influence. The linguist [[James Matisoff]] coined the term "Sinosphere" in 1990, contrasting with the [[Indosphere]], "I refer to the Chinese and Indian areas of linguistic/cultural influence in Southeast Asia as the 'Sinosphere' and the 'Indosphere'."<ref>Matisoff, James A. (1990). [http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~bjoseph/Ling611/Lx611Matisoff1990.pdf On Megalocomparison]. ''Language'' 66.1, p. 113.</ref>

The terms Chinese cultural sphere and [[Chinese character]] cultural sphere are used interchangeably with "Sinosphere" but have different denotations. Chinese cultural sphere denotes a grouping of countries, regions, and people which have participated in or been heavily influenced by the  [[Culture of China]], such as [[Tibet]] or [[Sichuan]]. The Chinese character cultural sphere includes countries such as [[Japan]] or [[Viet Nam]] which have historically made some use of the [[Chinese writing system]] or currently make use of it. However Vietnam has departed significantly due to its wide adoption of Quốc ngữ, the romanized Vietnamese alphabet.
For Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) the term has been glossed as "Sinosphere: a socio-political sphere of MSEA, subsuming those countries, cultures, and languages that have historically come under influence from the politics, culture, religion, and languages of China ."<ref>N.J. Areal Linguistics and Mainland Southeast Asia, ''Annual Review of Anthropology'' 2005. 34:181–206 [http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:57458:2/component/escidoc:57459/Enfield_2005_areal.pdf]</ref>

==Origins==
In linguistic (and German) terms, the Sinosphere is a [[Sprachbund]] or "language league." This cultural region closely corresponds to the [[Ancient China|ancient "Sinic civilization"]] and its descendants, the "Far Eastern civilizations" (the Mainland and the Japanese ones), which [[Arnold J. Toynbee]] presented in the 1930s in "[[A Study of History]]", along with the [[Western world|Western]], Islamic, Eastern Orthodox, Indic, etc. civilizations, among the major "units of study" of the world's history.<ref>See the "family tree" of Toynbee's "civilizations" in any edition of Toynbee's own work, or e.g. as Fig.1 on p.16 of: "The Rhythms of History: A Universal Theory of Civilizations", By Stephen Blaha. Pingree-Hill Publishing, 2002. ISBN 0-9720795-7-2.
</ref>

==Defining characteristics==
The Sinosphere is generally unified by first written language ability in [[Chinese language|Chinese]]. This defines the unifying factor as the influence of traditional Chinese cultural beliefs, marked by [[Confucianist]] social and moral ethics, [[Taoist]] or [[Mahayana Buddhist]] religious beliefs, as embodied in text using [[Chinese characters]]  (''[[Hanzi]]'' in [[Chinese language|Chinese]], ''[[Chinese characters in Vietnamese|Hán tự]]'' in [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]], ''[[hanja]]'' in [[Korean language|Korean]] and ''[[kanji]]'' in [[Japanese language|Japanese]]) whether within [[China proper]] or in a peripheral culture before it emerged from the dominance of the center.

Others indicators are [[Calligraphy]] ([[writing brush]], [[writing ink]], [[Rice paper]] and [[Inkstone]]), [[painting]], [[sculpture]], [[architecture]] ([[Ornament (art)|Ornament]]),  [[clothing]], [[music]] ([[musical instruments]]), [[cuisine]] ([[eating utensils]], [[ingredients]] and [[cooking methods]]), [[logic]] ([[Confucianism]]), [[political system]], [[appliance]]{{dn|date=June 2012}} ([[furniture]], [[art crafts]]) and so on, which generally believed to be originated in ancient [[China]].

==See also==
* [[All under heaven]]
* [[Greater China]]
* [[Sinocentrism]]
* [[Sinoxenic]]
* [[Pax Sinica]]
* [[Chinese Nationalism]]

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last= Ankerl |first= Guy |title= Global communication without universal civilization |series= INU societal research |volume= Vol.1: Coexisting contemporary civilizations : Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western |publisher= INU Press |location= Geneva |isbn= 2-88155-004-5 |pages= |year= 2000 }}
* Joshua A. Fogel, '''Articulating the Sinosphere: Sino-Japanese Relations in Space and Time''' (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,  2009. Edwin O. Reischauer Lectures; 2007). ISBN 2-00-804125-9 {{Please check ISBN|reason=Check digit (9) does not correspond to calculated figure.}}

* [http://www.zaobao.com/chinese/pages1/chinese_others240604.html Chinese Cultural Sphere and the Use of Chinese Characters], Zhe Shiya, Lianhe Zaobao, 24 June 2004, Singapore (in Chinese)
* [http://www.ccmedu.com/detail.aspx?boardID=12&ID=15897 Export of Chinese Culture and Balance of Power in the World], Shinfeng, People's Daily, 28 March 2006, Beijing (in Chinese)
{{Refend}}

== Notes ==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ Asia for Educators]. Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University.

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2011}}

[[Category:Chinese culture]]
[[Category:Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Cultural spheres of influence]]
[[Category:Country classifications]]
[[Category:Chinese nationalism]]

[[es:Mundo chino]]
[[fr:Monde chinois]]
[[ko:한자 문화권]]
[[lt:Sinosfera]]
[[ja:漢字文化圏]]
[[no:Sinosfære]]
[[ru:Китайский мир]]
[[vi:Văn hóa quyển chữ Hán]]
[[zh-yue:中華文化圈]]
[[zh:漢字文化圈]]