'''''The Best American Short Stories'''''{{italic title}} yearly [[anthology]] is a part of ''[[The Best American Series]]'' published by [[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]]. Since 1915, the BASS anthology has striven to contain the best [[short stories]] by some of the best-known writers in contemporary American literature.
==Edward O'Brien==
The series began in 1915, when [[Edward Joseph Harrington O'Brien|Edward O'Brien]] edited his selection of the previous year's stories. This first edition was serialized in a magazine; however, it caught the attention of the publishing company [[Small, Maynard & Company]], which published subsequent editions until 1926, when the title was transferred to [[Dodd, Mead and Company]].
The time appeared to be a propitious one for such a collection. The most popular magazines of the day featured short fiction prominently and frequently; the best authors were well-known and well-paid. More importantly, there was a nascent movement toward higher standards and greater experimentation among certain American writers. O'Brien capitalized on this moment. He was deeply and vocally skeptical of the value of commercial short fiction, which tended to the formulaic and sentimental; he insisted, in introduction after introduction, on the need for a consciously literary development of the short story. He used his selections to reinforce this call. Over the years of his editorship, he drew attention to two generations of American authors, from [[Sherwood Anderson]] and [[Edna Ferber]] to [[Richard Wright (author)|Richard Wright]] and [[Irwin Shaw]]. Perhaps the most significant instance of O'Brien's instincts involves [[Ernest Hemingway]]; O'Brien published that author's "My Old Man" when it had not even been published yet, and was, moreover, instrumental in finding an American publisher for ''In Our Time''. O'Brien was known to work indefatigably: he claimed to read around 8,000 stories a year, and his editions contained lengthy tabulations of stories and magazines, ranked on a scale of three stars (representing O'Brien's notion of their "literary permanence.")
Though the series attained a degree of fame and popularity, it was never universally accepted. Fans of the period's popular fiction often found his selections precious or willfully obscure. On the other hand, many critics who accepted "literary" fiction objected to O'Brien's occasionally strident and pedantic tone. After his death, for instance, ''[[The New Yorker]]'' compared him to the recently-deceased editor of the ''Social Register'', suggesting that they shared a form of snobbery.
==Martha Foley==
O'Brien died of a heart attack in London in 1941. He was replaced as editor of the series by [[Martha Foley]], founder and former editor of ''[[Story (magazine)|Story]]'' magazine. O'Brien, who had once called ''Story'' one of the most important events in literary history since the publication of ''[[Lyrical Ballads]]'', presumably would have approved the choice. Foley edited the publication, at first alone and then with the assistance of her son, David Burnett, until 1977. These years witnessed both the ascendancy and eclipse of the type of short story favored by O'Brien: writers as diverse as [[John Cheever]], [[Bernard Malamud]], and [[Joyce Carol Oates]] offered sharply observed, generally realistic stories that eschewed trite conventions. At the same time, Foley evinced some degree of awareness of the new currents in fiction. [[Donald Barthelme]], for instance, was chosen for ''The School'' in 1976. Foley also attended to the rise of so-called minority literature, dedicating the 1975 volume to [[Leslie Marmon Silko]], although it has been argued that the series was less perceptive in this area than it might have been.
==Since 1978==
After Foley's death, the publisher—by that time, [[Houghton Mifflin]]--elected to take the series in a new direction. Under the guidance of a series editor (Shannon Ravenel 1978-1990, Katrina Kenison 1991-2006, Heidi Pitlor 2007- ), a different writer of reputation would select the contents and introduce the volume each year. The editor would choose the best twenty stories from 120 stories recommended by the series editor. This format has been followed since, although the guest editor has occasionally gone beyond what the series editor recommended (e.g., John Gardner in 1982).
In 2002, Houghton-Mifflin made the series part of its broader ''[[Best American series]]''.
'''Guest editors of the BASS anthology from 1978 to 1989:'''
*1978: [[Ted Solotaroff]]
*1979: [[Joyce Carol Oates]]
*1980: [[Stanley Elkin]]
*1981: [[Hortense Calisher]]
*1982: [[John Gardner (American writer)|John Gardner]]
*1983: [[Anne Tyler]]
*1984: [[John Updike]]
*1985: [[Gail Godwin]]
*1986: [[Raymond Carver]]
*1987: [[Ann Beattie]]
*1988: [[Mark Helprin]]
*1989: [[Margaret Atwood]]
'''Guest editors of the BASS anthology from 1990 to 1999:'''
*1990: [[Richard Ford]]
*1991: [[Alice Adams (writer)|Alice Adams]]
*1992: [[Robert Stone (novelist)|Robert Stone]]
*1993: [[Louise Erdrich]]
*1994: [[Tobias Wolff]]
*1995: [[Jane Smiley]]
*1996: [[John Edgar Wideman]]
*1997: [[Annie Proulx]]
*1998: [[Garrison Keillor]]
*1999: [[Amy Tan]]
'''Guest editors of the BASS anthology from 2000 to 2009:'''
*2000: [[E. L. Doctorow]]
*2001: [[Barbara Kingsolver]]
*2002: [[Sue Miller]]
*2003: [[Walter Mosley]]
*2004: [[Lorrie Moore]]
*2005: [[Michael Chabon]]
*2006: [[Ann Patchett]]
*2007: [[Stephen King]]
*2008: [[Salman Rushdie]]
*2009: [[Alice Sebold]]
'''Guest editors of the BASS anthology from 2010 to 2019:'''
*2010: [[Richard Russo]]
*2011: [[Geraldine Brooks (writer)|Geraldine Brooks]]
*2012: [[Tom Perrotta]]
==''The Best American Short Stories of the Century''==
In 2000, [[John Updike]] selected twenty-two unabridged stories from the first eighty-four annual volumes of ''The Best American Short Stories'', and the result is ''The Best American Short Stories of the Century''. The expanded CD audio edition includes a new story from ''The Best American Short Stories 1999'' to round out the century.
==See also==
*[[O. Henry Award]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 1990]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 1991]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 1992]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 1993]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 1994]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 1995]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 1996]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 1997]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 1998]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 1999]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 2000]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 2001]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 2002]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 2003]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 2004]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 2005]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 2006]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 2007]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 2008]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 2009]]
*[[The Best American Mystery Stories 2009]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 2010]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 2011]]
*[[The Best American Short Stories 2012]]
==References==
*[[Carlos Baker]] (1969). ''Ernest Hemingway: A Life''. New York: Scribner's.
*Jacquelyn Spangler (1997). ''Edward J. O'Brien: Best Short Stories and the Production of an American Genre''. Unpublished dissertation, 1997.
*William Wilson (1981). "Review of 'The Story of Story'". ''American Literature'' 53 (1981): 151-2.
*Aaron Sommers (2010). "Short Stories: An Experiment in Misery."
==External links==
'''Official'''
*[http://www.bestamericanshortstories.com The Best American Short Stories], the official Houghton Mifflin Website
*[http://www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com/features/best_american/ The Best American Series], on the Houghton Mifflin Website
'''Sources'''
*[http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A(the%20best%20american%20short%20stories)%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts ''The Best American Short Stories'' (1915-1921)] at [[Internet Archive]] (scanned books original editions color illustrated)
*{{gutenberg|no=20303|name=The Best American Short Stories of 1915}} (plain text and HTML)
*{{gutenberg|no=20872|name=The Best American Short Stories of 1917}}
*{{gutenberg|no=23445|name=The Best American Short Stories of 1919}}
*{{gutenberg|no=22091|name=The Best American Short Stories of 1920}}
*{{gutenberg|no=18709|name=The Best American Short Stories of 1921}}
'''Other'''
*[http://yearsofbass.blogspot.com/ Years of BASS], a year spent reading back issues of BASS 1978-2009. Includes [http://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0ApQuqso9H1yWdE9oVVc2OFFucktSbG5sWHlIeUJkMnc&hl=en spreadsheet] of all stories and authors. Additional [https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0Atcwu19PclZddExsOHA4QVZZM0M1R1ZTRE1FNWJIbHc&hl=en information] including original publications where the stories first appeared.
[[Category:Fiction anthologies]]
[[Category:Best American series]]
[[Category:Houghton Mifflin books]]
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