Difference between revisions 12936422 and 12936464 on enwiki

This page is to list events of [[July 20]] before [[1950]].

===To 1300===
*[[514]] - [[Roman Catholic Church]]: [[Pope Hormisdas]] assumes the papacy.
===1300-1899===
*[[1304]] - [[Great Britain]]: [[Edward I of England]] takes the last rebel [[Fall of Stirling Castle|stronghold]] in the [[Wars of Scottish Independence]].
*[[1712]] - [[United Kingdom]]:  The [[Riot Act]] takes effect.
*[[1738]] - [[North America]]:  French explorer [[Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de la Vérendrye]] reaches the western shore of [[Lake Michigan]].
*[[1810]] - [[South America]]:  [[Colombia]] declares independence from [[Spain]].  
(contracted; show full)
*[[1872]] - [[Technology]]:  The [[United States Patent Office]] awards the first [[patent]] for [[wireless telegraphy]] to [[Mahlon Loomis]].
*[[1877]] - [[United States]]:  [[Riot|rioting]] in [[Baltimore, Maryland]] by [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] workers is put down by the state [[militia]], resulting in nine deaths.
*[[1881]] - [[Indian Wars]]: [[Sioux]] [[Chief]] [[Sitting Bull]] leads the last of his fugitive people in surrender to [[United States]] troops at [[Fort Buford]] in [[Montana]].

==
=1900-1920===
*[[1907]] - [[United States]]:  A [[train wreck]] on the [[Pere Marquette Railroad]] near [[Salem, Michigan]] kills thirty and injures seventy more.
*[[1910]] - [[United States]]:  The [[Christian Endeavor Society]] of [[Missouri]] announces a campaign to ban [[motion pictures|films]] showing kissing between unrelated persons.
*[[1914]] - [[United Kingdom]]:  [[King]] [[George V]] of [[England]] reviews the fleet at [[Spithead]].
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*[[1917]] - [[Middle East]]:  In [[Baghdad]], a record temperature of 123°F is recorded.
*[[1918]] - [[World War I]]:  [[Germany|German]] troops cross the [[Marne]].
*[[1918]] - [[World War I]]:  An air raid in [[Kent]] causes no damage.
*[[1918]] - [[World War I]]:  The British destroyer ''Marne'' sinks the [[U-boat]] which sank the ''Justicia''.
*[[1918]] - [[United Kingdom]]:  [[Munition|Munitions]] workers in [[Birmingham]] threaten to [[strike]].

==
=1920-1929===
*[[1920]] - [[United States]]:  [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] presidential candidate [[James M. Cox]] denounces the campaign fundraising of the [[United States Republican Party|Republicans]].
*[[1920]] - [[Europe]]:  The [[funeral]] of [[Empress Eugenie]] of [[France]] is held in [[St. Michael's Abbey]] near [[Farnborough, England]].
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*[[1929]] - [[France]]:  [[Parliament]] narrowly approves [[President]] [[Poincarè]]'s plan to reschedule the country's foreign debts.
*[[1929]] - [[United States]]:  [[President]] [[Herbert Hoover]] protests the use of his name on the selling of [[apricots]] grown on a [[California]] farm he owns an interest in.
*[[1929]] - [[Ohio]]:  A plane crashes near [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]], killing three.

==
=1930-1939===
*[[1930]] - [[Soviet Union]]:  [[Maxim Litvinov]] is named the [[Soviet Union|Soviet Union's]] Commissar of Foreign Affairs.
*[[1930]] - [[New York State]]:  [[Alfred E. Smith]], president of the company building the [[Empire State Building]], announces the structure will have an observation deck 1,288 feet above Fifth Avenue.
*[[1930]] - [[New York State]]:  Five die in the 92°F heat [[New York City]] from the heat wave gripping the east coast.
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*[[1932]] - [[United States]]:  The [[AFL]] votes to ask President [[Herbert Hoover]] to help it secure a five-day work week.
*[[1933]] - [[Europe]]:  [[Germany]]'s [[Franz von Papen]] and the [[Vatican]]'s Cardinal [[Pope Pius XII|Eugenio Pacelli]] sign a [[concordat]] on behalf of their respective nations.
*[[1933]] - [[United Kingdom]]:  In [[London]], 500,000 march against [[anti-Semitism]].
*[[1933]] - [[United States]]:  President [[Franklin 
Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] orders new regulations on the trading of grain in order to curb speculators.
*[[1933]] - [[Tennessee]]:  The state becomes the nineteenth to approve the [[Twenty-first Amendment]] to repeal [[Prohibition]].
*[[1933]] - [[Germany]]:  The Nazis arrest two-hundred Jewish merchants in [[Nuremberg]] and parade them through the streets.
*[[1933]] - [[Aviation]]:  Aviator [[Wiley Post]] damages his plane as he lands in [[Flat, Alaska]], on his first round-the-world flight.
*[[1934]] - [[Minnesota]]:  Police in [[Minneapolis, Minnesota|Minneaspolis]] fire upon striking [[Trucker|truck drivers]], wounding fifty.
*[[1934]] - [[Washington State]]:  In [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]], Mayor [[Charles L. Smith]] leads police in firing [[tear gas]] on and clubbing 2,000 striking [[longshoreman|longshoremen]].
*[[1934]] - [[Oregon]]:  [[Governor of Oregon|Governor]] [[Julius Meier]] calls out the National Guard to break a strike on the [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] docks.
*[[1934]] - [[Maine]]:  Three murderers serving life sentences escape from the state prison in [[Thomaston, Maine|Thomaston]].
*[[1934]] - [[Iowa]]:  The state experiences its hottest day on record as the temperature hits 118°F in [[Keokuk, Iowa|Keokuk]].
*[[1934]] - [[United States]]:  [[Postmaster General]] [[James A. Farley]] announces that the [[United States Post Office Department]] turned a $5 million profit in the fiscal year ended [[June 30]], the first annual profit since [[1919]].
*[[1934]] - [[United States]]:  President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] heads to [[Hawaii]] aboard the cruiser [[USS Houston (CA-30)]].
*[[1934]] - [[Andorra]]:  [[Spain]] arrests a man who proclaimed himself the ruler of the tiny principality under the name "Boris I".
*[[1935]] - [[New York State]]:  [[Lightning]] kills four on the shore at [[Brighton Beach, New York|Brighton Beach]].
*[[1935]] - [[Switzerland]]:  A [[Royal Dutch Airlines]] plane en route from [[Milan]] to [[Frankfurt]] crashes into a Swiss mountain, killing thirteen.
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*[[1938]] - [[Aviation]]:  [[Ireland]]'s President [[Douglas Hyde]] receives [[Douglas Corrigan|Douglas "Wrongway" Corrigan]] in [[Dublin]] after his transatlantic flight.
*[[1939]] - [[United States]]:  The keel of the [[battleship]] [[USS Massachusetts (BB-59)]] is laid at the [[Bethlehem Steel]] [[shipyard]] in [[Quincy, Massachusetts]].

==
=1940-1949===
*[[1940]] - [[Denmark]] leaves the [[League of Nations]].
*[[1940]] - [[Pop culture]]:  [[Billboard magazine]] publishes its first "Music Popularity Chart"; the first number one song is [[Frank Sinatra]]'s "I'll Never Smile Again".
*[[1940]] - [[Southeast Asia]]:  Admiral [[Jean Decoux]] named governor of [[French Indochina]] by Marshal [[Philippe Pétain]].
*[[1940]] - [[United States]]:  President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] signs a bill limiting political activity by Federal employees, the [[Hatch Act]].
*[[1941]] - [[Soviet Union]]:  [[Joseph Stalin]] consolidates the Commissariats of Home Affairs and National Security to form the [[NKVD]] and names [[Lavrenti Beria]] its chief.
*[[1941]] - [[South America]]:  In [[Bolivia]], the government makes arrests, including the former finance minister [[Victor Paz Estenssoro]], and shuts down newspapers, claiming a [[Nazi]] coup is in the works.
(contracted; show full)
*[[1944]] - [[World War II]]:  American troops land on [[Guam]] near [[Port Apra, Guam|Port Apra]].
*[[1944]] - [[World War II]]:  On [[Sicily]], fighting continues between [[Wehrmacht|German]] and [[United States Army|American]] forces near [[Catania, Italy|Catania]].
*[[1944]] - [[India]]:  In [[Bombay]], health authorities announce a [[cholera]] epidemic has killed 34,000 in three months.
*[[1944]] - [[United States]]:  The [[United States Democratic Party]] nominates [[Franklin 
Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] for a fourth term as president.
*[[1944]] - [[Mexico]]:  Fifty are hurt in rioting in front of the presidential palace in [[Mexico City]].
*[[1945]] - [[United States]]:  The [[Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress]] approves the [[Bretton Woods Agreement]].
*[[1945]] - [[World War II]]:  Talks continue on the fourth day of the [[Potsdam Conference]] outside [[Berlin]]. 
*[[1946]] - [[World War II]]:  The [[Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress]]'s [[Pearl Harbor Committee]] says [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] was completely blameless for the [[Japan|Japanese]] [[Pearl Harbor Attack|attack on Pearl Harbor]] and calls for a unified command structure in the armed forces.
*[[1946]] - [[United States]]:  The [[United States House of Representatives]] votes 265-79 to put control of [[atomic energy]] in the hands of a civilian body, the [[Atomic Energy Commission]], rather than leave the military in control.
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*Facts on File's ''Day by Day'' series
*''Encyclopaedia Brittanica Yearbook'', various years
*[http://www.imdb.com/OnThisDay?day=20&month=July Internet Movie Database July 20 in Movie History page]
*''The [[New York Times]],'' July 21st issues of various years
*[http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/index.html ''The New York Times'' On This Day site]