Difference between revisions 1305336 and 1728576 on enwiki{| border="1" bgcolor="#ffffff" cellpadding="5" align="right" width="305" style="margin-left:3px"
!bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2|Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō
|-
|align=center colspan=2|[[Image:Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg|300px]]
|-
|bgcolor=#e7dcc3|[[Topographical summit|Elevation]]:||2,290 ft (698 m)
|-
|bgcolor=#e7dcc3|[[Latitude]]:||19°23′11″ N
|-
|bgcolor=#e7dcc3|[[Longitude]]:||155°06′18″ W
|-
|bgcolor=#e7dcc3|Location:||[[Hawaii]], [[USA]]
|-
|bgcolor=#e7dcc3|[[Topographic map|Topo map]]:||[[United States Geological Survey|USGS]] Kalalua
|-
|bgcolor=#e7dcc3|[[Mountain range|Range]]:||[[Hawaiian Islands]]
|-
|bgcolor=#e7dcc3|[[List of mountain types|Type]]:||[[Volcanic cone|Cinder cone]]
|-
|bgcolor=#e7dcc3|[[Geologic timescale|Age of rock]]:||< 21 years
|}
{{wrongtitle|title=Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō}}
'''Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō''' (which means "Hill of the ‘Ō‘ō Bird" in [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]], is often written as '''Puu Oo''', and is pronounced "Poo-oo Oh-oh" or {{IPA |[puʔu ʔoːʔoː]}} in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]) is a [[volcanic cone|cinder/spatter cone]] in the eastern [[rift]] zone of the [[Kilauea|Kīlauea]] [[volcano]] of the [[Hawaiian Islands]]. Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō has been erupting continuously since [[January 3]], [[1983]], making it the longest-lived rift zone eruption of the last two centuries. From [[1983]] through [[1998]], [[lava]] from Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō covered more than [[1 E7 m²|97 km²]] (37 square miles).
As of [[1998]], the eruption claimed 181 houses, as well as a church, a store, the Waha‘ula Visitor Center, and many ancient Hawaiian sites. The coastal highway has been closed since [[1987]], as lava flows covered [[1 E4 m|13 km]] (8 miles) underneath as much as [[1 E1 m|25 m]] (80 ft) of lava. The eruption has added 544 acres ([[1 E6 m²|2.2 km²]]) of land to the [[Hawaii (island)|island of Hawai‘i]].
== Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō-Kūpa‘ianahā eruption ==
The Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō eruption began when fissures split the ground in the remote rainforest of the eastern rift zone. By [[June]] 1983, the activity had strengthened and localized to the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō vent. Over the next three years, 44 eruptive episodes with lava fountains as high as [[1 E2 m|460 m]] (1500 ft) stopped traffic at vantage points across east Hawai‘i. The fallout of cinder and spatter from the towering lava fountains built a cone [[1 E2 m|255 m]] (835 ft) high. In [[July]] [[1986]], the conduit feeding [[magma]] to Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō ruptured, and the eruption abruptly shifted 3 km downrift to form the Kūpa‘ianahā vent. With the new vent came a new style of eruption: continuous, quiet effusion from a lava pond replaced the episodic high fountaining. Overflows from the pond built a lava shield—a broad, low hill shaped like an overturned [[wok]].
In [[November]] [[1986]], lava from Kūpa‘ianahā reached the ocean, [[1 E4 m|12 km]] (7 miles) to the southeast, innundating the small community of [[Kapaahu, Hawaii|Kapa‘ahu]] in its path. For the next five years, much of the lava erupted from Kūpa‘ianahā streamed directly into the sea via a [[lava tube]] system that led from the lava pond.
In [[1990]], the eruption entered its most destructive phase when flows turned eastward and totally destroyed the villages of [[Kalapana, Hawaii|Kalapana]] and [[Kaimu, Hawaii|Kaimū]]. Kaimū Bay and Kalapana Black Sand Beach were also completely covered with lava. Over 100 homes were destroyed by the ever-broadening flow field in a nine-month period. New tubes diverted lava away from Kalapana early in [[1991]], and lava once again entered the ocean within the [[Hawaii Volcanoes National Park]]. The volume of lava erupted from Kūpa‘ianahā declined steadily through 1991, and, in early [[1992]], the vent died. The eruption then returned to Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō, where flank vents on the west and southwest sides of the cone constructed a new lava shield. Soon lava tubes were feeding lava from the vents to the ocean, with few surface flows in between. The flank vents have held center stage ever since, with the exception of a two-month pause in activity early in [[1997]] that followed a brief fissure eruption in [[Napau Crater]], a short distance southwest of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō.
On the evening of [[January 29]], [[1997]], a swarm of [[earthquake]]s struck Kilauea's east rift zone. Deep within the rift zone, [[magma]] was escaping from the conduit leading to the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō vent, cutting off the supply to the ongoing eruption. The lava pond at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō drained, and residents 10 miles ([[1 E4 m|16 km]]) away heard a low, rumbling roar as the crater floor dropped 500 feet ([[1 E2 m|150 m]]) and the west wall of the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō cone collapsed. A few hours later, as magma found a new path to the surface, the ground cracked in nearby Napau Crater, and lava fountains lit up the night sky.
== References ==
* [http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/About/Highlights/Kilauea/KilHigh.html USGS Volcano Hazards Program: The Pu`u `O`o-Kupaianaha eruption: still flowing after all these years] (public domain)
* [http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/fact-sheet/fs144-02/ U.S. Geological Survey fact sheet 144-02: The Pu`u `O`o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i, 1983 to 2003] (public domain)
== External links ==
* [http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/cam/ Live web cam of the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō vent]
{{Geolinks-US-cityscale|19.3864|-155.1050}}
{{IPA notice}}
[[Category:Hawaii (island) volcanoeThe following Wikipedians live in [[Norway]]:
* [[User:Espen|Espen Andersen]]
* [[User:gisle|Gisle Hannemyr]]
* [[Joakim Ziegler]]
* [[User:Ole_Aamot|Ole Aamot]]
* [[User:Lazyr|Lauritz Thaulow]]
* [[User:Wernher|Wernher]]
:''See also :'' [[Wikipedians]]
This site is not affiliated with or endorsed in any way by the Wikimedia Foundation or any of its affiliates. In fact, we fucking despise them.
|
