Difference between revisions 13530668 and 13660057 on enwiki

< previous diff
next diff >
March of the Volunteers
'''"The March of the Volunteer Armys"''' ([[Simplified Chinese]]: &#20041;&#21191;&#20891;&#36827;&#34892;&#26354;, [[pinyin]]: Y&igrave;y&#466;ngj&#363;n J&igrave;nx&iacute;ngq&#468;) is the [[national anthem]] of the [[People's Republic of China]], written in the midst of the [[Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)]] by the noted poet and playwright [[Tian Han]] (&#30000;&#27721;) with music composed by [[Nie Er]] (&#32834;&#32819;).  This composition is a [[March_(music) |musical march]].  

== Origins as National Anthem ==

''March of the Volunteer Armys'' was written by Tian Han in 1934 for a play he was writing at the time. Popular stories suggest, however, that he wrote it on a tobacco paper after being arrested in [[Shanghai]] and thrown into a [[Kuomintang]] jail in 1935. The song, with a minor alteration, became the theme song of the patriotic film ''[[Sons and Daughters in a Time of Storm]]'' (&#39118;&#20113;&#20799;&#22899;, 1935), a story about an intellectual who leaves to fight in the [[First Sino-Japanese War]]. It was one of many songs that were promoted secretly among the population as part of the anti-Japanese resistance. The song was released as an album by the [[Pathe]] label of [[EMI]] in 1935.

It was used as the national anthem for the first time in an international conference in February 1949 held in [[Prague]], [[Czechoslovakia]]. At the time Beiping (now [[Beijing]]) had recently come into the control of the Chinese Communists. There was controversy over the line "The Chinese nation faces its greatest peril". Historian [[Guo Moruo]] changed the line to "The Chinese people have come to their moment of emancipation" (&#20013;&#22269;&#27665;&#26063;&#21040;&#20102;&#22823;&#32763;&#36523;&#30340;&#26102;&#20505;).

In June a committee was set up by the [[Chinese Communist Party]] to decide on an official national anthem. By the end of August the committee had received 6926 submissions. ''March of the Volunteer Armys'' was suggested by painter [[Xu Beihong]] (&#24464;&#24754;&#40511;) and almost unaminously supported by the members of the committee. There was contention, however, over the issue of the third line. On this [[Zhou Enlai]] made the conclusive judgement: "We still have imperialist enemies in front of us. The more we progress in development, the more the imperialists will hate us, seek to undermine us, attack us. Can you say that we won't be in peril?" His view was supported by [[Mao Zedong]] and on 27 September 1949, the song became the provisional national anthem, just days before the founding of the People's Republic of China.

== Cultural Revolution and later history ==

During the [[Cultural Revolution]], Tian Han was imprisoned, and the March of the Volunteers was therefore forbidden to be ''sung''; as a result there was a period of time when [[The East is Red]] was used as the unofficial national anthem. 

The March of the Volunteer Armys was restored by the [[National People's Congress]] in 1978, but with different lyrics; however, these new lyrics were never very popular and even caused confusion [http://www.gongfa.com/liudashengguojiabiaozhigaige.htm].  On December 4, 1982, the National People's Congress resolved to restore the original 1935 version by Tian Han as the official national anthem.  Significantly the current lyrics do not mention either the [[Communist Party of China]] nor [[Mao Zedong]] and the reversion of the lyr(contracted; show full)Raise high Mao Zedong's banner, march on!<br>
March on! March on! On!
|}

==External links==
*[http://www.chinaodysseytours.com/guide/national_anthem.htm Download audio files in different formats]
*[http://www.seaborne-intl.com/sounds/midi/CHINA.MP3 China's National Anthem]
*[http://www.zlxx.net/tian/media/sound/china.mp3 The March of the Volunteer
 Armys], chorus.

See also: [[Historical Chinese anthems]]

__NOTOC__ <!--removed until it can be moved higher up-->

[[Category:National anthems]]
[[Category:People's Republic of China]]

[[cs:Hymna &#268;&#237;nsk&#233; lidov&#233; republiky]]
[[de:Marsch der Freiwilligen]]
[[es:La Marcha de los Voluntarios]]
[[fr:La Marche des Volontaires]]
[[id:Barisan Para Sukarelawan]]
[[ms:Barisan Para Sukarelawan]]
[[ja:&#20013;&#33775;&#20154;&#27665;&#20849;&#21644;&#22269;&#12398;&#22269;&#27468;]]
[[pl:Hymn Chi&#324;skiej Republiki Ludowej]]
[[sr:&#1052;&#1072;&#1088;&#1096; &#1076;&#1086;&#1073;&#1088;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;&#1113;&#1072;&#1094;&#1072;]]
[[zh:&#20041;&#21191;&#20891;&#36827;&#34892;&#26354;]]