Difference between revisions 1961 and 1971 on enwiki

{| align="right"
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| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" |
{{US state |
Name            = Arizona |
Fullname        = State of Arizona |
Flag            = Arizona state flag.png |
Seal            = Arizonastateseal.jpg |
Map             = Map_of_USA_highlighting_Arizona.png |
Nickname        = The [[Grand Canyon]] State, The Copper State |
Capital         = [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] |
OfficialLang    = [[English language|English]] Only [[State]] |
LargestCity     = [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] |
Governor        = [[Janet Napolitano]] |
PostalAbbreviation = AZ |
AreaRank        = 6<sup>th</sup> |
TotalArea       = 295,254 |
LandArea        = 294,312 |
WaterArea       = 942 |
PCWater         = 0.32 |
PopRank         = 20<sup>th</sup> |
2000Pop         = 5,130,632 |
DensityRank     = 36<sup>th</sup> |
2000Density     = 17.43 |
AdmittanceOrder = 48<sup>th</sup> |
AdmittanceDate  = [[February 14]], [[1912]] |
TimeZone        = [[Mountain Standard Time Zone|Mountain]]: [[UTC]]-7<br /><small>(Arizona doesn't observe [[Daylight saving time|DST]] except in the [[Navajo Nation]])</small> |
Latitude        = 31°20'N to 37°N |
Longitude       = 109°3'W to 114°50'W |
Width           = 500 |
Length          = 645 |
HighestElev     = 3,851 |
MeanElev        = 1,250 |
LowestElev      = 21 |
ISOCode         = US-AZ ([[FIPS state code|FIPS Code]] 04) |
Website         = www.az.gov
}}
|-
|
{{US state symbols |
Name               = Arizona |
Flag               = Arizonaa state flag.png |
Seal               = Arizonastateseal.png |
Nickname           = The Grand Canyon State |
Capital            = [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] |
Bird            = [[Cactus Wren]] |
Animal          = [[Ringtail Cat]] |
Fish            = [[Trout|Arizona Trout]] |
Butterfly = [[Swallowtail|Two-tailed Swallowtail]] |     
Insect          = [[Swallowtail|Two-tailed Swallowtail]] |
Reptile         = [[Rattlesnake|Arizona Ridgenose Rattlesnake]] |
Furbearer        = [[Ringtail Cat]] |

Tree            = [[Palo Verde]] |
Flower          = [[Saguaro]] Blossom |
Grass = Unknown |     
Wildflower     = None  |    
Gemstone        = [[Turquoise]] |
Fossil          = [[Petrified wood]] |
StateRock = [[Petrified wood]] |

Soil            = Arizona Casa-Grande |
Mineral         = [[Agate|Fire Agate]] |
Colors          = [[Blue]] & Old Gold |
Dance              = Unknown |

Neckwear       = [[Bola Tie]] |
Motto           = ''Ditat Deus'' (God Enriches) |
Nicknames       = "The [[Grand Canyon]] State" and "The [[Copper]] State" |
Ships              = U.S.S. Arizona (Destroyed 1941) |

Song            = "Arizona March Song"<br />"Arizona" |
Waltz           = None |
Beverage = Unknown |
MusicalInstrument  = Unknown |
Game = Unknown |
}}
|}

'''Arizona''' was the 48th [[U.S. state|state]] admitted to the [[United States]] and is part of the [[Southwest United States]]. It is one of the [[Four Corners (United States)|Four Corners]] states, south and east of the [[Colorado River (U.S.)|Colorado River]], bordering [[New Mexico]], [[Utah]], [[Nevada]], [[California]] and [[Mexico]], and touching [[Colorado]].  

Its major cities are [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]], [[Yuma, Arizona|Yuma]] and [[Flagstaff, Arizona|Flagstaff]]. Besides the [[Grand Canyon National Park|Grand Canyon]], a number of other [[National Forest]]s, [[National parks (United States)|Parks]], [[National parks (United States)|Monuments]] and [[Indian reservation]]s are located in the state.

Historians disagree about the [[etymology|origin]] of the name "Arizona" and its attachment to the region.  Three possible derivations are:
*[[O'odham language|O'odham]] words "al&#301; &#7779;on" ("small spring"), actually the name of a town which is called "Arizonac" in English. Arizonac is a small town about eight miles south of the United States-Mexican border. Historically, it may have been "al&#301; son" or even "al&#301; sona". The O'odham "l" is a [[voiced alveolar lateral fricative]], which might sound to a Spanish or English speaker like an "r" sound. Later in the mid [[18th century]] Spanish missionaries changed Father [[Eusebio Francisco Kino]]'s maps of the area; they renamed the town Arizonac as Arizona. As the maps were republished and circulated in [[Europe]], the name Arizona became attached to the whole northern part of [[New Spain]].
*[[Spanish language|Spanish]] words "árida zona" ("arid zone")
*[[Nahuatl language|Nahuatl ]] word "arizuma" ("silver bearing"). In [[1736]], a small [[silver]]-[[mining]] camp called "Real Arissona" by the Spanish was established near Arizonac.

[[USS Arizona|USS ''Arizona'']] was named in honor of this state.

== History ==

Beyond its original [[Native Americans|native]] inhabitants, [[Marcos de Niza]], a [[Franciscan]], explored the area in [[1539]]. [[Francisco Vásquez de Coronado|Coronado]]'s expedition entered the area in [[1540]]&ndash;[[1542|42]] during its search for [[Cibola]]. Father Kino developed a chain of missions and taught the Indians [[Christianity]] in [[Pimería Alta]] (now southern Arizona and northern [[Sonora]]) in the 1690's and early 1700's. [[Spain]] founded fortified towns (presidios) at Tubac in [[1752]] and Tucson in [[1775]]. All of what is now Arizona became part of Mexico's northwest frontier upon the Mexican assertion of independence from Spain in [[1810]]. The United States took possession of most of Arizona at the end of the [[Mexican War]] in [[1848]]. In [[1853]] the land below the [[Gila River]] was acquired from Mexico in the [[Gadsden Purchase]]. Arizona was administered as part of the Territory of New Mexico until it was organized into a separate territory on [[February 24]], [[1863]].  

With the encouragement of [[Brigham Young]], [[Mormons]] went to Arizona from Utah in the mid to late [[1800s]] to the [[Phoenix Valley]] (or "Valley of the Sun"), [[Mesa, Arizona|Mesa]], [[Tempe, Arizona|Tempe]], [[Prescott, Arizona|Prescott]], [[Snowflake, Arizona|Snowflake]], [[Heber, Arizona|Heber]] and many other Arizona towns to settle there.  One of the first [[Latter-day Saint]] [[temples]] built in the Southwest was the [[Mesa temple]] which was completed in [[1927]].

Arizona was also the site of a German and Italian prisoner of war camp during [[WWII]]. The site was purchased after the war by the Maytag family, and is currently the Phoenix Zoo.

In [[1998]], Arizona voters elected the "fabulous five" &mdash; five women candidates elected to the state's top posts:
*Governor [[Jane Dee Hull]] ([[United States Republican Party|R]])
*State Attorney General [[Janet Napolitano]] ([[United States Democratic Party|D]]) (As of [[2005]] the current governor)
*State Treasurer [[Carol Springer]] (R)
*Secretary of State [[Betsey Bayless]] (R)
*Superintendent of Public Instruction [[Lisa Graham Keegan]] ([[United States Republican Party|R]])


Arizona was admitted into the Union on [[February 14]], [[1912]].

== Law and government ==

''See: [[United_States_Congress/Arizona|List of Congressmen]]''

Arizona's legislature consists of a thirty-member Senate and a 60-member House of Representatives. The majority party is the [[United States Republican Party|Republican party]], which has held power since [[1950]]. The [[2002]] budget of the Arizona state legislature was $14.3 billion, while the executive budget was $13.8 billion. Besides the money spent on state agencies, money has also been allocated for tax cuts, pay raises for government employees, and health insurance for government employees. The executive budget has allocated money to previously passed legislation. Arizona state senators and representatives are elected for two year terms and there are no terms limits. However, no more than four terms may be served consecutively.  Two of the last four governors of Arizona, Evan Mecham and Fyfe Symington, faced criminal indictments and were forced out of office. 


Arizona's [[executive branch]] is headed by a governor elected for a four-year term. The governor may serve any number of terms, though no more than two in a row.  The current Governor of Arizona is [[Janet Napolitano]], a [[United States Democratic Party|Democrat]].  She has been governor since [[2003]]. 
''See:[[List of Arizona Governors]]''

The two Arizona US Senators are Senator [[John McCain]] (Republican) and Senator [[Jon Kyl]] (Republican).

Arizona's representatives in the United States House of Representatives are [[Rick Renzi]] (R-1), [[Trent Franks]] (R-2), [[John Shadegg]] (R-3), [[Ed Pastor]] (D-4), [[J.D. Hayworth]] (R-5), [[Jeff Flake]] (R-6), [[Raul Grijalva]] (R-7), and [[Jim Kolbe]] (R-8).  Arizona gained two seats in the House of Representatives due to [[redistricting]] based on [[United_States_2000_census|Census 2000]].

== Geography ==

[[Image:Noaa topo az.jpg|thumb|200px|State Topography Image: Arizona]]
{|
|-
| ''See:'' || ''[[List of Arizona counties]]''
| ''[[List of Arizona rivers]]'' || ''[[List of Arizona lakes]]''
|-
| &nbsp;
| ''[[List of Arizona state parks|Arizona state parks]]''
| ''[[List of U.S. National Forests]]''
|}

Like other states of the Southwest, Arizona has an abundance of topographical characteristics in addition to its [[desert]] climes.  More than half of the state features [[mountains]] and [[plateaus]] and contains the largest stand of Ponderosa pine in the [[United States]].  The [[Mogollon Rim]], a 2000-foot [[escarpment]], cuts across the central section of the state and marks the southwestern edge of the [[Colorado Plateau]], where the state experienced its worst forest [[fire]] ever in [[2002]].

The [[Grand Canyon]] is a colorful, steep-sided [[gorge]], carved by the [[Colorado River (U.S.)|Colorado River]], in northern Arizona. The [[Grand Canyon|canyon]] is one of the [[seven natural wonders of the world]] and is largely contained in the [[Grand Canyon National Park]] - one of the first [[national parks]] in the [[United States]]. President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] was a major proponent of the [[Grand Canyon]] area, visiting on numerous occasions to hunt [[mountain lion]] and enjoy the breathtaking scenery.

The [[Grand Canyon|canyon]], created by the [[Colorado River]] cutting a channel over millions of years, is about 277 mile (446 km) long, ranges in width from 4 to 18 miles (6 to 29 kilometers) and attains a depth of more than a mile (1,600 m). Nearly 2000 million  years of the [[Earth]]'s history has been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut through layer after layer of [[sediment]] as the [[Colorado Plateau]]s have uplifted. 

:Statistics
:*''Largest City:'' [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]]
:*''Highest Point:'' [[Humphreys Peak]] - 12,633 ft. near Flagstaff
:*''Lowest Point:'' [[Colorado River]] - 70 ft.

== Art ==

Arizona has witnessed a continous string of dancing and performing groups of many ethnicities. The state is a recognized center of [[Native American]] art, with a number of galleries such as the [[Heard Museum]] showcasing historical and contemporary works. [[Sedona]] and [[Tubac]] are known as budding artist colonies, and small arts scenes exist in the larger cities and near the state universities.

Many tourist souvenirs produced in Arizona or by its residents display immediately characteristic images, such as sunsets, coyotes, and desert plants. Several major Hollywood films, such as [[U-Turn]], [[Waiting to Exhale]], and [[Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure]] have been made there (as indeed have many [[Westerns]]).

== Economy ==

Early in its history, Arizona's economy relied on the "five C's": copper, cotton, cattle, citrus and climate (i.e., tourism).  At one point Arizona was the largest producer of cotton in the country.  Copper is still produced in abundance from many giant open-pit mines and underground mines.  The state government is the state's largest employer, while [[Wal-Mart]] is the state's largest private employer, with 17,343 employees in 2003. Arizona lost much of its advantage as a high-technology industry leader between 1990 and 2001, according to a state [http://www.commerce.state.az.us/ Department of Commerce] report. In 2001, 161,166 Arizonans were employed in the high-tech sector, accounting for about 8.3 percent of total private-sector employment of more than 1.9 million. High-tech payroll in 2001 was $2.2 billion, or 14.7 percent of the private-sector total. High-tech employment was led by software and computers, with 34,314; electronics components manufacturing, 30,358; aerospace manufacturing, 25,641; architectural and engineering services, 21,378; telecommunications, 21,224; and instruments manufacturing, 13,056.

== Demographics ==

Arizona has a population of 5,580,811 according to 2003 Census data.

49.9% is male, and 50.1% is female.

:Racial Population Breakdown: ([http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/04000.html U.S. Census Bureau 2000])
:*White: 75.5% (Not of Hispanic Origin: 63.8)
:*Native: 5.0 
:*African American: 3.1
:*Asian: 1.8
:*Hawaiian or Pacific Islander: 0.1
:*Other Race: 11.6
:*Persons reporting two or more races: 2.9%
:See the list of [[Natives of Arizona|Arizona Natives]]. According to 2003 Census esimates, Arizona has the second highest number of the 2,752,158 [[Native American]]s in the country with over 10% of the country's total at 286,680.  It is preceded by [[California]] at 410,501 and followed by [[Oklahoma]] at 278,124 [http://eire.census.gov/popest/data/states/ST-EST2002-ASRO-03.php].

== Important cities and towns ==
[[Image:National-atlas-arizona.png|thumb|right|200px|Arizona major towns]]
[[Image:Phoenix.skyline.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Phoenix]]
[[Image:City Street of Tucson, AZ.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Tucson]]
See: [[List of cities in Arizona]], [[List of cities in Arizona (by population)]], [[List of Arizona counties]]

Each city named in '''bold''' has a population greater than 100,000.
{|
|-
| valign="top" | <font size=+1>
*[[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]]</font>
**[[Mesa, Arizona|'''Mesa''']]
**[[Glendale, Arizona|'''Glendale''']]
**[[Scottsdale, Arizona|'''Scottsdale''']]
**[[Chandler, Arizona|'''Chandler''']]
**[[Tempe, Arizona|'''Tempe''']]
**[[Gilbert, Arizona|'''Gilbert''']]
**[[Peoria, Arizona|'''Peoria''']]
**[[Sun City, Arizona|Sun City]]
**[[Apache Junction, Arizona|Apache Junction]]
**[[Surprise, Arizona|Surprise]]
**[[Sun City West, Arizona|Sun City West]]
**[[Goodyear, Arizona|Goodyear]]
**[[Paradise Valley, Arizona|Paradise Valley]]
**[[Sun Lakes, Arizona|Sun Lakes]]
**[[Avondale, Arizona|Avondale]]
| valign="top" |
*[[Tucson, Arizona|'''Tucson''']]
**[[Casas Adobes, Arizona|Casas Adobes]]
**[[Catalina Foothills, Arizona|Catalina Foothills]]
**[[Oro Valley, Arizona|Oro Valley]]
**[[Drexel Heights, Arizona|Drexel Heights]]
**[[Tanque Verde, Arizona|Tanque Verde]]
**[[Flowing Wells, Arizona|Flowing Wells]]
**[[Marana, Arizona|Marana]]
**[[Tucson Southeast, Arizona|Tucson Southeast]]
*[[Prescott, Arizona|Prescott]]
**[[Prescott Valley, Arizona|Prescott Valley]]
*[[Flagstaff, Arizona|Flagstaff]]
*[[Fountain Hills, Arizona|Fountain Hills]]
*[[Douglas, Arizona|Douglas]]
*[[Florence, Arizona|Florence]]
*[[Yuma, Arizona|Yuma]]
| valign="top" |
*[[Sierra Vista, Arizona|Sierra Vista]]
**[[Sierra Vista Southeast, Arizona|Sierra Vista Southeast]]
*[[Lake Havasu City, Arizona|Lake Havasu City]]
*[[Bullhead City, Arizona|Bullhead City]]
**[[Mohave Valley, Arizona|Mohave Valley]]
*[[Kingman, Arizona|Kingman]]
**[[New Kingman-Butler, Arizona|New Kingman-Butler]]
*[[Casa Grande, Arizona|Casa Grande]]
*[[Nogales, Arizona|Nogales]]
*[[Fortuna Foothills, Arizona|Fortuna Foothills]]
*[[New River, Arizona|New River]]
*[[Eloy, Arizona|Eloy]]
*[[Sedona, Arizona|Sedona]]
*[[Globe, Arizona|Globe]]
*[[San Luis, Arizona|San Luis]]
*[[Payson, Arizona|Payson]]
| valign="top" |
*[[Cottonwood, Arizona|Cottonwood]]
**[[Cottonwood-Verde Village, Arizona|Cottonwood-Verde Village]]
*[[Green Valley, Arizona|Green Valley]]
*[[Safford, Arizona|Safford]]
|}

===25 Richest Places in Arizona===

Ranked by [[per capita income]]

1 [[Paradise Valley, Arizona]]		$81,290	<br>	
2 [[Carefree, Arizona]]		$62,433	<br>	
3 [[Rio Verde, Arizona]]		$58,783	<br>	
4 [[Tubac, Arizona]]		$46,643	<br>	
5 [[Catalina Foothills, Arizona]]		$42,006	<br>	
6 [[Scottsdale, Arizona]]		$39,158	<br>	
7 [[Cave Creek, Arizona]]		$38,070	<br>	
8 [[Litchfield Park, Arizona]]		$37,793	<br>	
9 [[Tanque Verde, Arizona]]		$36,467	<br>	
10 [[Gold Camp, Arizona]]		$35,010	<br>	
11 [[Sun Lakes, Arizona]]		$33,394	<br>	
12 [[Fountain Hills, Arizona]]		$32,230	<br>	
13 [[Sun City West, Arizona]]		$32,049	<br>	
14 [[Sedona, Arizona]]		$31,350	<br>	
15 [[Green Valley, Arizona]]		$31,138	<br>	
16 [[Oro Valley, Arizona]]		$31,134	<br>	
17 [[Williamson, Arizona]]		$30,232	<br>	
18 [[Big Park, Arizona]]		$30,026	<br>	
19 [[Queen Valley, Arizona]]		$28,886	<br>	
20 [[Corona de Tucson, Arizona]]		$28,304	<br>	
21 [[Elgin, Arizona]]		$27,909	<br>	
22 [[Sonoita, Arizona]]		$27,312	<br>	
23 [[Sun City, Arizona]]		$25,935	<br>	
24 [[New River, Arizona]]		$25,932	<br>	
25 [[Tortolita, Arizona]]		$25,550	<br>	
[[Richest Places in Arizona|''See complete list of Arizona places'']]

== Notable people ==

Famous Arizonans also include [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] [[Justice]] [[Sandra Day O'Connor]], author [[Zane Grey]], former Governor and Secretary of the Interior [[Bruce Babbitt]], architect [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], Presidential candidate (1964) and former Senator [[Barry Goldwater]], Presidential candidate (2000) and Senior Republican Senator [[John McCain]], former senator [[Carl Hayden]] and former [[Solicitor General]] [[Rex E. Lee]] .  From the rock and roll world, both [[Alice Cooper]] and [[Stevie Nicks]] of [[Fleetwood Mac]] are from Phoenix; [[Linda Ronstadt]] is from Tucson. Film director [[Steven Spielberg]] grew up in Scottsdale, as did Wonder Woman star [[Lynda Carter]]. Labor leader [[Cesar Estrada Chavez]] is from Yuma.

== Education ==

=== Colleges and universities ===

====State universities====

*[[Arizona State University]]
*[[University of Arizona]]
*[[Northern Arizona University]]

====Community colleges====

*[[Chandler-Gilbert Community College]]
*[[Estrella Mountain Community College]]
*[[GateWay Community College]]
*[[Glendale Community College]]
*[[Mesa Community College]]
*[[Paradise Valley Community College]]
*[[Phoenix College]]
*[[Rio Salado Community College]]
*[[Scottsdale Community College]]
*[[South Mountain Community College]]
*[[Pima Community College]]
*[[Eastern Arizona College]]
*[[Yavapai Community College]]
*[[Prescott College]]
*[[Cochise College]]
*[[Mohave Community College]]
*[[South Mountain Community College]]
*[[Arizona Western College]]
*[[Northland Pioneer College]]

====Private colleges and trade schools====

*[[American Indian College of the Assemblies of God]]
*[[Collins College]], Tempe
*[[DeVry University, Phoenix]]
*[[Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University]]
*[[Grand Canyon University]]
*[[Prescott College]]
*[[Southwestern College]]
*[[Thunderbird - The Garvin School of International Management]]
*[[University of Phoenix]]
*[[Western International University]]

=== Education associations ===
{|
|-
| valign="top" | <small>
*[[Arizona Music Educators Association]]
</small>
|}

== Professional sports teams ==

<small>
*[[Arizona Cardinals]] ([[National Football League]])
*[[Arizona Diamondbacks]] ([[Major League Baseball]])
*[[Arizona Rattlers]] ([[Arena Football League]])
*[[Arizona Sting]] ([[National Lacrosse League]])
*[[Phoenix Coyotes]] ([[National Hockey League]])
*[[Phoenix Mercury]] ([[Women's National Basketball Association]])
*[[Phoenix Suns]] ([[National Basketball Association]])
</small>

=== Spring training ===

Arizona is a popular location for Major League Baseball [[spring training]]. The state hosts the following major league teams (called the Cactus league) for spring training:
<small>
*[[Anaheim Angels]] in Tempe
*[[Arizona Diamondbacks]] in Tucson
*[[Chicago Cubs]] in Mesa
*[[Chicago White Sox]] in Tucson
*[[Colorado Rockies]] in Tucson
*[[Kansas City Royals]] in Surprise
*[[Milwaukee Brewers]] in Phoenix
*[[Oakland Athletics]] in Phoenix
*[[San Diego Padres]] in Peoria
*[[San Francisco Giants]] in Scottsdale
*[[Seattle Mariners]] in Peoria
*[[Texas Rangers]] in Surprise
</small>

== External links ==

*[http://www.az.gov/webapp/portal/ Arizona @ Your Service]
*[http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/regional/map/map.asp?po=AZ Arizona Regional Accounts Data]
*[http://www.fedstats.gov/qf/states/04000.html Arizona Demographic Data from FedStats]
*[http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/2001/tables/redist_az.html Census 2000 Data for Arizona]
*[http://www.arizonaguide.com/home.asp Official Arizona Office of Tourism]
*[http://www.pr.state.az.us/Parks/parksites.html Arizona State Parks]
*[http://www.HavenWorks.com/arizona Arizona News]
*[http://www.lib.az.us/ Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records]
*[http://www.raybarnesreelectdistrict7.com Arizona State Representative, District 7]
*[http://www.azpaths.com Arizona Paths - All-About-Arizona]
*[http://www.Untraveledroad.com/USA/Arizona.htm Photographic virtual tour of Arizona.]
*[http://www.geocities.com/azirishdance/ An Oral History of Irish Dance in Arizona.]
*[http://www.terragalleria.com/america/arizona/ Photos of Arizona - Terra Galleria]

{{Arizona}}
{{United_States}}

[[Category:U.S. states]]
[[Category:States of the American West]]
[[Category:Arizona| ]]

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|+<font size="+1">'''Apollo 17'''</font>
|-
!colspan="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|Mission Insignia
|-
|colspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:Ap17recon.jpg|Apollo 17 insignia]]
|-
!colspan="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|Mission Statistics
|-
|'''Mission Name:'''||Apollo 17
|-
|'''Call Sign:'''||Command module:<br />''America''<br />Lunar module:<br />''Challenger''
|-
|'''Number of<br />Crew:'''||3
|-
|'''Launch:'''||[[December 7]], [[1972]]<br />05:33:00 [[UTC]]<br />[[Kennedy Space Center]]<br />LC 39A
|-
|'''Lunar Landing:'''||[[December 11]], 1972<br />19:54:57 UTC<br />20° 11' 26.88" N - 30° 46' 18.05" E<br />Taurus-Littrow
|-
|'''Lunar EVA<br />length:'''||1st: 7 h 11 min 53 s<br />2nd: 7 h 36 min 56 s<br />3rd: 7 h 15 min 8 s<br />Total: 22 h 3 min 57 s
|-
|'''CMP EVA:'''||1 h 5 min 44 s
|-
|'''Lunar Surface<br />Time:'''||74 h 59 min 40 s
|-
|'''Lunar Sample<br />Mass:'''|| 110.52 kg
|-
|'''Splashdown:'''||[[December 19]], [[1972]]<br />19:24:59 UTC<br />17° 53' S - 166° 7' W
|-
|'''Duration:'''||12 d 13 h 51 min 59 s
|-
|'''Number of<br />Lunar Orbits:'''||75
|-
|'''Time in<br />Lunar Orbit:'''||147 h 43 min 37.11 s
|-
|'''Mass:'''||CSM 30,369 kg;<br />LM 16,456 kg
|-
!colspan="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|Crew Picture
|-
|colspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:GPN-2000-001151.jpg|center|thumb|225px|Apollo 17 crew portrait (L-R: Schmitt, Cernan (seated) and Evans)]]
|-
!colspan="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|Night Launch
|-
|colspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:Apollo 17 The Last Moon Shot.jpg|center|thumb|285|Apollo 17 Night Launch - ''The Last Moon Shot'']]
|}

'''Apollo 17''' was the eleventh [[manned space mission]] in the [[NASA]] [[Project Apollo|Apollo program]], and was the sixth and last mission to date to land on the [[Moon]]. It was the first night launch, and the final mission, of the Apollo program.

== Crew ==
*[[Gene Cernan]] (3), commander
*[[Ron Evans]] (1), command module pilot
*[[Harrison Schmitt|Harrison "Jack" Schmitt]] (1), lunar module pilot

<small>(1) number of spaceflights each crew member has completed, including this mission.</small>

=== Backup crew ===
*[[John_W._Young|John Young]], commander
*[[Stuart Roosa]], command module pilot
*[[Charles Duke]], lunar module pilot

=== Support Crew ===
*[[Robert Overmyer]]
*[[Robert A. Parker|Bob Parker]]
*[[Gordon Fullerton]]

== Mission parameters ==
*'''Mass:'''
**Launch mass: 2,923,387 kg
**Total spacecraft: 46,678 kg
***CSM mass: 30,320 kg, of which CM was 5960 kg, SM 24,360 kg
***LM mass: 16,448 kg, of which ascent stage was 4985 kg, descent stage 11,463 kg
*'''Earth orbits:''' 2 before leaving for Moon, about one on return
*'''Lunar orbits:''' 75

*'''[[Perigee]]:''' 168.9 km
*'''[[Apogee]]:''' 171.3 km
*'''[[Inclination]]:''' 28.526° 
*'''[[Orbital period|Period]]:''' 87.83 min

*'''[[Perilune]]:''' 97.4 km
*'''[[Apolune]]:''' 314.8 km
*'''[[Inclination]]:''' 159.9° 
*'''[[Orbital period|Period]]:''' min
*'''Landing Site:''' [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunar_sites.html 20.19080° N - 30.77168° E] or <br /> 20° 11' 26.88" N - 30° 46' 18.05" E

=== Docking ===
*'''Undocked''': [[December 11]], [[1972]] - 17:20:56 UTC
*'''Docked''': [[December 15]], [[1972]] - 01:10:15 UTC

=== Moon walk ===
* '''''Cernan and Schmitt''''' - EVA 1
*'''EVA 1 Start''': [[December 11]], [[1972]], 23:54:49 UTC
*'''EVA 1 End''': December 12, 07:06:42 UTC
*'''Duration''': 7 hours, 11 minutes, 53 seconds

* '''''Cernan and Schmitt''''' - EVA 2
*'''EVA 2 Start''': [[December 12]], [[1972]], 23:28:06 UTC
*'''EVA 2 End''': December 13, 07:05:02 UTC
*'''Duration''': 7 hours, 36 minutes, 56 seconds

* '''''Cernan and Schmitt''''' - EVA 3 
*'''EVA 3 Start''': [[December 13]], [[1972]], 22:25:48 UTC
*'''EVA 3 End''': December 14, 05:40:56 UTC
*'''Duration''': 7 hours, 15 minutes, 08 seconds

* ''''' Evans ''''' - Transearth EVA 4 
*'''EVA 4 Start''': [[December 17]], [[1972]], 20:27:40 UTC
*'''EVA 4 End''': December 17, 21:33:24  UTC
*'''Duration''': 1 hour, 05 minutes, 44 seconds

=== See also ===
* [[Extra-vehicular activity]]
* [[List of spacewalks]]
* [[Splashdown]]

The splashdown point was 17 deg 53 min S, 166 deg 7 min W, 350 nautical miles SE of the Samoan Islands and 6.5 km (4 mi) from the recovery ship [[USS Ticonderoga (CV-14)|USS ''Ticonderoga'']].

== Mission highlights ==
One of the last two men to set foot on the Moon was also the first scientist-astronaut, geologist Harrison Schmitt. While Evans circled in "America," Schmitt and Cernan collected a record 108.86 kilograms of rocks during three Moonwalks. The crew roamed for 33.80 kilometers through the Taurus-Littrow valley in their rover, discovered orange-colored soil, and left the most comprensive set of instruments in the ALSEP on the lunar surface.  The Apollo lunar program had ended. 

=== Introduction ===
Crew members were [[Gene Cernan]], commander; [[Ron Evans]], command module pilot; and [[Harrison Schmitt]], lunar module pilot.

A J-class mission, featuring the [[Lunar Rover]], they conducted three lunar surface excursions, lasting 7.2, 7.6 and 7.3 hours. The mission returned 110.5 kg of samples from the Moon.

The Command module is currently on display at NASA's [[Johnson Space Center]], in [[Houston, Texas]]. The lunar module impacted the Moon on 15 December 1972 at 06:50:20.8 UT (1:50 AM EST) at 19.96 N, 30.50 E. 

On this mission the astronauts took a famous photograph of the earth known as "[[The Blue Marble]]".

=== Mission notes ===
*Schmitt, a [[geologist]], was the first (and to date, only) scientist on the moon.

*Like the astronauts of Apollos [[Apollo 10|10]], [[Apollo 12|12]], [[Apollo 13|13]], and [[Apollo 14|14]] before it, the Apollo 17 crew were recovered in [[Pacific]] waters near [[American Samoa]] after [[splashdown]], and were flown from the recovery ship to the airport at [[Tafuna, American Samoa|Tafuna]] where they were greeted with an enthusiastic (and well practiced!) Samoan reception before being flown on to [[Honolulu]], thence to [[Houston]].

*The plaque left on the ladder of the descent stage of [[Challenger]] read: ''Here Men from the Planet Earth completed their first exploration of the moon. December 1972 AD.  May the sprit of peace in which we came be reflected in the lives of all mankind''.  The plaque showed two hemispheres of Earth and the near side of the Moon, plus the signatures of Cernan, Evans, Schmitt, and [[Richard Nixon|President Nixon]].

[[Image:As17-140-21391c1.jpg|left|thumb|363px|''Schmitt took this picture of Cernan flanked by an American flag and their [[lunar rover]]'s umbrella-shaped high-gain antenna near the beginning of their third and final excursion across the lunar surface. The prominent Sculptured Hills lie in the background while Schmitt's reflection can just be made out in Cernan's helmet.'']]

[[Image:Apollo_17_Trans-Earth_EVA.jpg|left|thumb|350px|Command Module pilot Ron Evans performs a trans-earth EVA to retieve film from the Apollo 17 SIM Bay camera. (NASA)]] 

=== Reference ===
* [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/sc-query.html NASA NSSDC Master Catalog]
* [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo17info.html Apollo 17 Info by NASA]
* [http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_00a_Cover.htm  APOLLO BY THE NUMBERS: A Statistical Reference by Richard W. Orloff (NASA)]
* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4209/appb.htm Development of Manned Space Flight, American and Soviet NASA SP-4209]
* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4009/cover.htm The Apollo Spacecraft: A Chronology]
* [http://history.nasa.gov/apsr/apsr.htm Apollo Program Summary Report]
* [http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4012/vol3/table2.45.htm Apollo 17 Characteristics - SP-4012 NASA HISTORICAL DATA BOOK]
* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a17/a17.html Apollo 17 entry at Apollo Lunar Surface Jurnal] - Provides an extensive insight of the mission, along with full transcripts and detailed interviews with the crewmembers.

== External links ==
* [http://www.astronautix.com/flights/apollo17.htm Apollo 17 entry in Encyclopedia Astronautica]
* [http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0407/online_extra.html?c=Newsletters&n=2Q04_Insider2&t=internal September 1973 National Geographic Magazine article]

{{Project Apollo| before=[[Apollo 16]]| after=[[Skylab 1]] <br> [[Skylab 2]]}}

[[Category:Lunar spacecraft]]
[[Category:Human spaceflights]]
[[Category:Apollo program]]

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