Difference between revisions 273886 and 273887 on enwiki

Most scientific work starts with a question about the world we live in. For a statistician, these questions can be classified into a few different kinds. 



#We can start with questions about a single ''Unit'', like a biological organism, a manufactured product, a plot of ground, a city block or any of many different ''things'' we want to understand. In this type of study, we are often concerned with the ''dynamics'' of the Unit; how does it vary in time? Can we identify what aspects seem to control others? (See [[research subject]].)

#Sometimes, our interest in a ''Unit'' may be purely instrumental, that is, we are interested in the Unit because of a ''population'' to which it belongs or an ''environment'' in which it resides. Our desire to describe a population may be satisfied by a statistical report on a ''sample'' from that population. The methodology is to select a sample and observe just the Units which are selected and then to summarize our results and interpret their meaning for the population. When we deliberately manipulate something in the process of observation, we call it an ''experiment''. When we attempt to observe the Units without affecting them, we call it a ''survey''.

#Someimes, we want to understand the ''internal workings'' of a Unit so we look at its components and how they relate to each other. [[Physiology]] is an example of a discipline in which this kind of focus is common.



In much research, we use all three modes at different stages. A useful synthesis of this kind of thinking was provided by [[Ludwig von Bertalanffy]].



In every type of research, we must be concerned with managing the [[observational error]] that is inherent in all empirical research. We can increase the precision of our research by 

#using a more precise instrument (eg., a more powerful telescope)

#increasing the number of observations so the ''constant'' we try to measure stands out better against the ''noise''.

#changing the design of our research. This last approach can become very technical, so we will postpone its discussion until [[optimum experimental design]].



Links:

* [http://www.isss.org/lumLVB.htm Ludwig von Bertalanffy]



:[[statistical regularity]] -- [[statistical model]] -- [[summarizing statistical data]] -- [[interpreting statistical data]] --[[experimental design]] -- [[survey sampling]]



back to [[Statistics]]
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{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="225" style="margin-left:3px" align="right"
!align="center" bgcolor="darkturquoise" colspan="3"|''From the Muddy Banks of the Wishkah''
|-
|align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nirvana-FromTheMuddyBanksOfTheWishkah.jpg|album cover]]
|-
!align="center" bgcolor="darkturquoise" colspan="3"|[[vinyl record|LP]] by [[Nirvana]]
|-
!align="left" valign="top"|Released
|colspan="2" valign="top"|[[October 1]], [[1996]]
|-
!align="left" valign="top"|Recorded
|colspan="2" valign="top"|Various dates
|-
!align="left" valign="top"|[[Musical genre|Genre]]
|colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Grunge]]
|-
!align="left" valign="top"|Length
|colspan="2" valign="top"|53 [[minute|min]] 55 [[second|s]]
|-
!align="left" valign="top"|[[Record label]]
|colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Geffen Records|Geffen]]
|-
!align="left" valign="top"|[[Record producer|Producer]]
|colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Shauna O'Brien]], [[Diane Stata]]
|-
!bgcolor="darkturquoise" colspan="3"|Professional reviews
|-
!align="left" valign="top"|<small>Allmusic.com</small>
|valign="top"|4 stars out of 5
|valign="top"|<small>[http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&uid=UIDMISS70404011456051335&sql=Awfuw6ja871u0 link]</small>
|-
!bgcolor="darkturquoise" colspan="3"|Nirvana Chronology
|-align="center" 
|valign="top"|<small>''[[MTV Unplugged in New York]]''<br />([[1994]])</small>
|valign="top"|<small>''From the Muddy Banks of the Wishkah''<br />([[1996]])</small>
|valign="top"|<small>''[[Nirvana (album)|Nirvana]]''<br />([[2002]])</small>
|}
'''''From the Muddy Banks of the Wishkah''''' is a live album by [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]]. The album was released on [[October 1]], [[1996]] through [[Geffen Records]]. The album reached No. 1 on the [[Billboard magazine]] "Top 200", and "Aneurysm", released as a single from the album, reached No. 11 on Billboard's "Mainstream Rock Tracks" chart.

== Track listing ==

#"Intro" (Cobain) - :52
#"School" (Cobain) - 2:40
#"Drain You" (Cobain) - 3:34
#"Aneurysm" (Cobain/Grohl/Novoselic) - 4:31
#"[[Smells Like Teen Spirit]]" (Cobain/Nirvana) - 4:47
#"Been A Son" (Cobain) - 2:07
#"[[Lithium (song)|Lithium]]" (Cobain) - 4:10
#"[[Sliver (song)|Sliver]]" (Cobain) - 1:55
#"Spank Thru" (Cobain) - 3:10
#"Scentless Apprentice" (Cobain/Nirvana) - 3:31
#"[[Heart-Shaped Box]]" (Cobain) - 4:41
#"[[Milk It]]" (Cobain) - 3:45
#"Negative Creep" (Cobain) - 2:43
#"Polly" (Cobain/Nirvana) - 2:30
#"Breed" (Cobain) - 3:28
#"tourette's" (Cobain) - 1:55
#"Blew" (Cobain) - 3:36
#Various concert outtakes, only heard on Side 4 of the vinyl version of the album. - 5:00

== Personnel ==
*[[Chad Channing]]  -  [[Drums]]
*[[Kurt Cobain]]  -  [[Guitar]], [[Vocals]]
*Robert Fisher  -  Design
*[[Dave Grohl]]  -  [[Drums]], [[Vocals]] (bckgr)
*Lisa Johnson  -  [[Photography]]
*Mark Kates  -  [[Photography]]
*Scott Litt  -  [[Audio engineer|Engineer]]
*Bob Ludwig  -  Mastering
*Kevin Mazur  -  [[Photography]]
*Craig Montgomery  -  [[Audio engineer|Engineer]]
*[[Krist Novoselic]]  -  [[Bass guitar|Bass]], Liner Notes
*Charles Peterson  -  [[Photography]]
*Shauna O'Brien  -  Production Coordination
*Craig Overbay  -  [[Audio engineer|Engineer]]
*Pat Smear  -  [[Guitar]], [[Vocals]] (bckgr)
*Diane Stata  -  Production Coordination
*Andy Wallace  -  [[Audio engineer|Engineer]], Mixing

{{Nirvanaband}}

[[Category:1996 albums]]
[[Category:Live albums]]
[[Category:Nirvana albums]]