Difference between revisions 417698 and 417699 on enwiki'''The March of the Volunteers''' (in simplified Chinese 义勇军进行曲) is the [[national anthem]] of [[China]], written in the midst of the [[Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)]] by the noted poet [[Tian Han]] (田汉) with music composed by [[Nie Er]] (聂耳).
It was originally the theme song of the film ''Sons and Daughters in a Time of Storm'' (风云儿女, 1935), a story about nameless heroes and heroines of the Sino-Japanese War.
The song was chosen to be the provisional national anthem on September 27,1949. It became the official national anthem for China on December 4,1982.
Lyrics:
《义勇军进行曲》
起来！不愿做奴隶的人们！把我们的血肉，筑成我们新的长城！中华民族到了最危险的时候，每个人被迫着发出最后的吼声。起来！起来！起来！我们万众一心，冒着敌人的炮火前进！冒着敌人的炮火前进！前进！前进！进进！进！Annfield Plain''' is a village in [[County Durham]], in [[England]]. It is situated on a plateau between the towns of [[Stanley, County Durham|Stanley]], 4 km (2.5 miles) to the north-east, and [[Consett]], 8 km (5 miles) to the west. Along with much of the surrounding area, Annfield Plain's history lies in [[coal mining]]. While the industry collapsed in the 1980s and 90s, its effects are still apparent both in the landscape and in [[folk memory]].
Much of the surrounding landscape is rough [[heath (habitat)|moorland]], dominated by the nearby [[Pontop Pike]] television mast. Not far from semi-rural [[Derwentside]], however, is the [[Tyneside]]–[[Wearside]] [[conurbation]], with [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] 20 km (12 miles) away, and [[Sunderland]] a similar distance, as well as the massive [[Metrocentre|Metro Centre]] shopping complex. The cathedral city of [[Durham]] is 20 km (12 miles) away and offers quite a contrast to the former pit villages in the area of Annfield Plain.
[[Image:Pontop Pike.jpg|thumb|275px|Pontop Pike [[List of masts|transmission mast]]]]
==Name==
"Anfield", as the name was originally spelt, appears to derive from "the fields of An", referring to a man who lived before the [[Norman Conquest]]. The "Plain" part of the name was originally "Plane" and appears to refer originally not to the plateau on which the village stands but to the [[inclined plane]] on the [[Stanhope and Tyne Railway]] of 1834. The engine used by the plane was known as the Anfield Engine because of its proximity to Anfield House, built in the 18th century on nearby Loud Hill. The spelling changed to "Annfield Plain" around 1856, when houses were built for miners on the nearby plateau.
==History==
The earliest hard evidence of habitation in the area comes from the 16th century, when the main economic activity was [[sheep]] [[agriculture|farming]]. The village's association with [[mining]] begins in the late 17th century when many shallow mines were dug. The Stanhope and Tyne Railway, laid in 1834, assisted the transportation of [[coal]]. Several [[limekiln]]s were built at this time and were fuelled by local coal, with [[limestone]] being brought in by rail.
Demand for coal increased with the advent of the [[Industrial Revolution]], and a number of deep pits were sunk over the course of the 19th century. The village grew substantially and light industry increased, including the construction of a [[brewery]], mill, and candle factory; as well as various services for the population, including a school, church, at least two [[nonconformism|nonconformist]] chapels, and a variety of shops.
In the 19th century Annfield Plain was the scene of a murder, when a man named William Thompson killed his wife. He was [[capital punishment in the United Kingdom|hanged]] at [[Durham Prison]] on [[5 January]] [[1874]].³
==Present day==
While there is some light [[industry]], most of Annfield Plain is made up of housing, a few run down shops and several [[public house|pubs]]. The local [[cooperative|co-op]] [[supermarket]] is commonly known as the ''Disco'', an allusion to its former name: the ''Discount Supermarket''. The original Annfield Plain co-operative store was dismantled and rebuilt at the nearby [[Beamish museum|Beamish open air museum]] in the late 1980s. The site of the village's main pit, the ''Busty'', is now a privately owned coach garage.
Its proximity to the major centres of the North East of England has in recent years attracted residents from Newcastle and [[Gateshead]] to move out to escape the city. This has had the consequence of pushing up house prices, long among the cheapest in [[United Kingdom|Britain]], which had been both a boon and burden to locals.
==Geography==
===Administration===
Annfield Plain is located in the [[Derwentside]] [[Districts of England|district]] of County Durham. As of 2005 it is represented on the District Council by Alan Atkinson, Carl Christer, and Dennis Lavin (all [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]), and on the County Council by Michele Hodgson (Labour). The village is part of the [[North Durham]] parliamentary [[constituency]], which as of 2005 is represented in [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|parliament]] by [[Kevan Jones]] (Labour). It is in the [[North East England]] [[Regions of England|region]], which serves as a constituency for the [[European Parliament]].
The local [[British police|police]] force is [[Durham Constabulary]]. Annfield Plain is in the Derwentside division and its nearest police station is in Stanley.
===Location===
* '''Grid reference:''' NZ1651<sup>[[British national grid reference system|*]]</sup>
* '''Latitude and longitude:''' 54°51′ North, 1°44′ West (54.85, −1.73)
* '''Elevation:''' 250 m (850 feet)
* '''Road access:''' [[A693 road|A693]] between Stanley and Consett, and numerous minor roads
* '''Rail access:''' [[Chester-le-Street railway station|Chester-le-Street]], 11 km (7 miles) by road
===Nearby places===
Surrounding Annfield Plain and effectively joined to it are several other villages:
* [[Greencroft]] to the west
* [[New Kyo]] to the east
* [[West Kyo]] and [[Catchgate]] to the north
==References==
# Hatcher, Jane. "[http://www.durham-miner.org.uk/miner/projects.nsf/0/0dde72a0c6a65cf280256e8b00509423?OpenDocument Annfield Plain—a short history]". ''Durham Miner Project''. Retrieved 11 January 2005.
# Durham County Council & Northumberland County Council. "[http://www.keystothepast.info/durhamcc/K2P.nsf/K2PDetail?readform&PRN=D6638 Local History: Annfield Plain (County Durham)]". ''Keys to the Past''. Retrieved 11 January 2005.
# Mills, Alistair (2004). "[http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/DUR/D_Executions.html Executions at Durham, 1732–1909]". ''GENUKI''. Retrieved 11 January 2005.
==External link==
* [http://www.multimap.com/map/photo.cgi?client=public&X=417000.242476156&Y=552000.524176245&scale=25000&width=700&height=400&gride=&gridn=&lang=&db=freegaz Aerial photo] from Multimap
[[Category:Villages in County Durham]]
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