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'''Light scattering''' is a form of [[scattering]] in which [[light]] is the form of propagating energy which is scattered. Light scattering can be thought of as the deflection of a [[ray (optics)|ray]] from a straight path, for example by irregularities in the propagation [[optical medium|medium]], [[light scattering by particles|particles]], or in the interface between two media. Deviations from the [[law of reflection]] due to irregularities on a surface are also usually con(contracted; show full) scattering.<ref>{{cite book|author=Fox, M.|title=Optical Properties of Solids|url=http://books.google.com/?id=-5bVBbAoaGoC&printsec=frontcover|isbn=0198506120|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|year= 2002}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=R.G. |title=Optical power handling capacity of low loss optical fibers as determined by stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering |journal=Appl. Opt. |volume=11 |issue=11 |page=2489 |year=1972 |doi=10.1364/AO.11.002489 |pmid=20119362
|bibcode = 1972ApOpt..11.2489S }}</ref>

==Introduction==

The interaction of light with matter can shed light on important information about the structure and dynamics of the material being examined. If the scattering centers are in motion, then the scattered radiation is Doppler shifted. An analysis of the spectrum of scattered light can thus yield information regarding the motion of the scattering center. Periodicity or structural repetition in the scattering medium will cause interference in the spectrum of scattered light. Thus, a study of the scattered light intensity as a function of scattering angle gives information about the structure, spatial configuration, or morphology of the scattering medium. With regards to light scattering in [[liquid]]s and [[solid]]s, primary material considerations include:<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/annurev.ms.04.080174.001351|title=Light Scattering in Noncrystalline Solids and Liquid Crystals|year=1974|last1=Flygare|first1=W H|last2=Gierke|first2=T D|journal=Annual Review of Materials Science|volume=4|pages=255|bibcode = 1974AnRMS...4..255F }}</ref>

*Crystalline structure: How [[close-packed]] its atoms or molecules are, and whether or not the atoms or molecules exhibit the ''long-range order'' evidenced in crystalline solids.

*Glassy structure: Scattering centers include fluctuations in density and/or composition.

(contracted; show full)oustic phonons, as in Brillouin scattering, the light interacts with optical phonons, which are predominantly intra-molecular vibrations and rotations with energies larger than acoustic phonons. Raman scattering may therefore be used to determine chemical composition and molecular structure.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/annurev.pc.23.100172.000521|title=Inelastic Light Scattering and the Raman Effect|year=1972|last1=Peticolas|first1=W L|journal=Annual Review of Physical Chemistry|volume=23|pages=93
|bibcode = 1972ARPC...23...93P }}</ref> Since most Raman lines are stronger than Brillouin lines, and have higher energies, standard spectrometers using scanning [[monochromator]]s may be used to measure them. Raman spectrometers are standard equipment in many chemical laboratories.

==Static and dynamic scattering==
(contracted; show full)light is scattered and causes the normally transparent fluid to appear cloudy.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Ostrowski, N. in Cummins, H.Z. and Pike, E.R., Eds.|title=Photon Correlation and Light Beating Spectroscopy|publisher=Plenum Press|isbn=0306357038|year=1973}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Demoulin, C., Montrose, C.J. and Ostrowsky, N., 
|title=Structural Relaxation by Digital Correlation Spectroscopy
|journal=Phys. Rev. A
|volume=9
|page=1740
|year=1974
|doi=10.1103/PhysRevA.9.1740

|bibcode = 1974PhRvA...9.1740D }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
|author=Lai, C.C., Macedo, P.B., and Montrose, C.J.
|title=Light-Scattering Measurements of Structural Relaxation in Glass by Digital Correlation Spectroscopy
|journal=J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
|volume=58
|page=120
|year=1975
|doi=10.1111/j.1151-2916.1975.tb19573.x
}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
|author=Surovtsev, N.V.
|title=Light Scattering Spectra of Fast Relaxation in Glasses
|journal=Phys. Rev. B
|volume=58
|page=14888
|year=1998|doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.58.14888
|last2=Wiedersich
|first2=J.
|last3=Novikov
|first3=V.
|last4=Rössler
|first4=E.
|last5=Sokolov
|first5=A.|bibcode = 1998PhRvB..5814888S }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
*P. W. Barber, S. S. Hill: ''Light scattering by particles: Computational methods''. Singapore, World Scientific, 1990.
*G. Mie, “Beiträge zur Optik trüber Medien, speziell kolloidaler Metallösungen,” Leipzig, ''Ann. Phys.'' '''330''', 377–445 (1908)[http://diogenes.iwt.uni-bremen.de/vt/laser/papers/RAE-LT1873-1976-Mie-1908-translation.pdf]
*M. Mishchenko, L. Travis, A. Lacis: ''Scattering, Absorption, and Emission of Light by Small Particles'', Cambridge University Press, 2002.

[[Category:Glass physics]]
[[Category:Scattering]]
[[Category:Scattering, absorption and radiative transfer (optics)]]

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