Difference between revisions 42650404 and 44517163 on enwiki

This page is to list events of [[July 20]] before [[1950]].

==To 1300==
*[[514]] - [[Roman Catholic Church]]: [[Pope Hormisdas]] assumes the papacy.
==1300-1899==
*[[1304]] - [[Great Britain]]: [[Edward I of England]] takes the last rebel stronghold in the [[Wars of Scottish Independence]], [[Fall of Stirling Castle|Stirling Castle]]. 
*[[1712]] - [[United Kingdom]]:  The [[Riot Act]] takes effect.
*[[1738]] - [[North America]]:  French explorer [[Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de la Vérendrye]] reaches the western shore of [[Lake Michigan]].
*[[1810]] - [[South America]]:  [[Colombia]] declares independence from [[Spain]].  
*[[1833]] - [[United States]]:  An [[Anti-Mormonism|Anti-Mormon]] mob in [[Independence, Missouri]], destroys the [[printing press]] for the ''[[Book of Commandments]]'', now among the most valuable 19th century books.
*[[1861]] - [[American Civil War]]: The [[Confederate Congress|Congress]] of the [[Confederate States of America]] begins sitting in [[Richmond, Virginia]].
*[[1864]] - [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Peachtree Creek]] - Near [[Atlanta, Georgia]], [[Confederate States of America | |Confederate]] forces led by [[General]] [[John Bell Hood]] unsuccessfully attack [[United States|Union]] troops under [[General]] [[William T. Sherman]]. 
*[[1866]] - [[Europe]]: [[Battle of Lissa (1866)|Battle of Lissa]] - The [[Austria|Austrian]] navy, led by [[Admiral]] [[Wilhelm von Tegetthoff]], defeats the [[Italy|Italian]] navy near the island of [[Vis (island)|Vis]].
*[[1871]] - [[North America]]:  [[British Columbia]] joins the confederation of [[Canada]]. 
(contracted; show full)
*[[1917]] - [[Middle East]]:  In [[Baghdad]], a record temperature of 123°F is recorded.
*[[1918]] - [[World War I]]:  [[Germany|German]] troops cross the [[Marne]].
*[[1918]] - [[World War I]]:  An air raid in [[Kent]] causes no damage.
*[[1918]] - [[World War I]]:  The British destroyer ''Marne'' sinks the [[U-boat]] which sank the ''Justicia''.
*[[1918]] - [[United Kingdom]]:  [[Munition
|Munitions]]s workers in [[Birmingham]] threaten to [[Strike action|strike]].

==1920-1929==
*[[1920]] - [[United States]]:  [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] presidential candidate [[James M. Cox]] denounces the campaign fundraising of the [[United States Republican Party|Republicans]].
*[[1920]] - [[Europe]]:  The [[funeral]] of [[Empress Eugenie]] of [[France]] is held in [[St. Michael's Abbey]] near [[Farnborough, Hampshire|Farnborough]], [[England]].
(contracted; show full)
*[[1941]] - [[Soviet Union]]:  [[Joseph Stalin]] consolidates the Commissariats of Home Affairs and National Security to form the [[NKVD]] and names [[Lavrenti Beria]] its chief.
*[[1941]] - [[South America]]:  In [[Bolivia]], the government makes arrests, including the former finance minister [[Victor Paz Estenssoro]], and shuts down newspapers, claiming a [[
Nazism|Nazi]] coup is in the works.
*[[1941]] - [[Baseball]]:  In [[Detroit, Michigan]], the [[New York Yankees]] beat the [[Detroit Tigers|Tigers]] 12-6 in a marathon seventeen inning game.
*[[1942]] - [[World War II]]:  The first unit of the [[Women's Army Corps]] begins training in [[Des Moines, Iowa]].
*[[1942]] - [[World War II]]:  [[Red Army]] troops take [[bridgehead|bridgeheads]]s over the [[Don River, Russia|Don River]] near [[Voronezh]].
*[[1942]] - [[World War II]]: The [[Royal Air Force]] attacks [[Fuka]]
*[[1942]] - [[United States]]:  The [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] by a vote of 392-2 passes the largest tax increase in American history, $6.3 billion, and raises corporate tax rates to 90 percent.
*[[1943]] - [[World War II]]:  [[Red Army]] forces launch an attack on a 450 mile front from [[Taganrog]] to [[Orel]].
(contracted; show full)
*[[1947]] - [[Southeast Asia]]:  Police in [[Burma]] arrest former Prime Minister [[U Saw]] and 19 others on charges of assassinating Prime Minister [[U Aung San]] and seven members of his cabinet.
*[[1947]] - [[South Asia]]:  The [[viceroy]] of [[India]] says the people of the [[Northwest Frontier Province]] overwhelmingly voted the previous day to join [[Pakistan]] rather than [[India]].
*[[1947]] - [[Roman Catholic Church]]:  [[Pope Pius XII]] [[canonize
|canonizes]]s a French saint, [[Blessed Louis-Marie Gregnon de Montort]].
*[[1948]] - [[Cold War]]: President [[Harry S. Truman]] issues the first peacetime [[military draft]] in the [[United States]] amid increasing tensions with the [[Soviet Union]].  
*[[1948]] - [[Far East]]:  [[Syngman Rhee]] is elected president of [[South Korea]] by parliament.
*[[1948]] - [[United States]]:  In [[New York City]], twelve leaders of the [[Communist Party USA]] are indicted under the [[Smith Act]] including [[William Z. Foster]] and [[Gus Hall]].
*[[1949]] - [[Middle East]]:  [[Israel]] and [[Syria]] sign a truce to end their nineteen month war.
*[[1949]] - [[Bulgaria]]:  Parliament elects [[Vassil Kolarov]] prime minister, replacing [[Georgi Dimitrov]].
*[[1949]] - [[United States]]:  [[Carmine DeSapio]] becomes leader of [[Tammany Hall]], the [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] organization in [[New York City]].
*[[1949]] - [[Journalism]]:  Colonel [[Robert R. McCormick]] announces the purchase of the ''[[Washington Times-Herald]]'' by his paper, the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''.
*[[1949]] - [[United States]]:  President [[Harry S. Truman]] signs a bill to enable [[urban renewal]] and [[slum clearance]].

==Births==
===1300-1899===
*[[1304]] - Francesco [[Petrarch]], Italian poet (d. [[1374]])
*[[1519]] - [[Pope Innocent IX]]
*[[1754]] - [[Destutt de Tracy]], philosopher
*[[1797]] - [[Paul Edmund Strzelecki|Sir Pawełł Edmund Strzelecki]], [[Poland|Polish]] explorer and geologist (d. [[1873]])
*[[1838]] - [[George Otto Trevelyan]], British statesman and biographer (d. 1928)
*1838- [[Augustin Daly]], American playwright (d. [[1899]])
*[[1847]] - [[Max Liebermann]], painter and graphic artist (d. [[1935]])
*[[1849]] - [[Robert Anderson Van Wyck]], Mayor of [[New York City]] (d. [[1918]])
*[[1865]] - [[Carlos Avril]], French actor (d. [[1940]])
(contracted; show full)*1919 - [[K. T. Stevens]], American actress (d. 1994)
===1920-1929===
*[[1920]] - [[Tommy Prothro]], American football coach
*1920 - [[Elliot Richardson]], American politician (d. [[1999]])
*1920 - [[Dick Lucas]], American animator (d. 1997)
*[[1921]] - [[Hall Daniels]], American composer (d. 1984)
*1921  - [[Takanobu Hozumi]], Japanese actor
*[[1923]] - [[Stanislaw Albinowski|Stanis
łław Albinowski]], Polish economist and journalist (d.2005)
*[[1924]] - [[Tor Isedal]], Swedish actor (d. 1990)
*1924  - [[Mort Garson]], Canadian composer
*1924 - [[Tatyana Lioznova]], Soviet director
*1924 - [[Thomas Berger (US novelist)|Thomas Berger]], American novelist
*1924 - [[Bob Nichols]], American actor
*[[1925]] - [[Jacques Delors]], former [[President of the European Commission]]
*[[1926]] - [[Lola Albright]], American actress (''Peter Gunn'')
(contracted; show full)
*Facts on File's ''Day by Day'' series
*''Encyclopaedia Britannica Yearbook'', various years
*[http://www.imdb.com/OnThisDay?day=20&month=July Internet Movie Database July 20 in Movie History page]
*''The [[New York Times]],'' July 21st issues of various years
*[http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/index.html ''The New York Times'' On This Day site]

[[Category:Days]]