Difference between revisions 439289447 and 439289924 on enwiki

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'''Zerona''' is a low-level laser device applied for non-invasive body slimming of the waist, hips, and thighs.  It has been shown to disrupt [[adipocyte]], or fat cell, membranes causing the release of stored [[lipids]] and fatty material, in turn, promoting adipocyte collapse.  The device was first introduced to the market in 2008 as an [[off-label use]] device for slimming, but later was granted 510k market (contracted; show full)meters of laser light for the treatment of a specific medical ailment.  The efficacy and safety of this subtle therapeutic approach is dependent on the [[wavelength]], [[dosage]], pulsation, and [[intensity]] being applied.  For instance, laser therapy has exhibited a biphasic dose response revealing that too much applied energy could hamper or prevent the desired clinical outcome from transpiring.<ref name=pmc2790317>{{cite journal |pages=358–83 |doi=10.2203/dose-response.09-027.Hamblin |pmc=2790317
 |title=Biphasic Dose Response in Low Level Lightherapy |year=2009 |last1=Hamblin |first1=Michael R. |last2=Carroll |first2=James D. |last3=Chen |first3=Aaron C.-H. |last4=Huang |first4=Ying-Ying |journal=Dose-Response |volume=7 |issue=4 |pmid=20011653}}</ref> The development of Zerona required significant clinical investigation to determine the ideal output parameters to ensure optimal efficacy and safety.  Studies evaluated Zerona’s interaction with individual to several million fat cells in order to determine the precise slimming setting.  Zerona is a [[monochromatic]] semiconductor diode laser that emits 5 independent 635&nbsp;nm divergent beams. 

(contracted; show full) Biochemistry: Third Edition. Brooks Cole; 3rd edition. http://books.google.com/books?id=iGPsen3fSOIC&pg=PA571&lpg=PA571&dq=Garrett,+R.+and+Grisham,+C.+Biochemistry&source=bl&ots=P9Znkru_30&sig=gsW_InVGXx0RT-dUjyG9RGR_pJc&hl=en&ei=f6StTcvXF4jagAfx6ITsCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Garrett%2C%20R.%20and%20Grisham%2C%20C.%20Biochemistry&f=false</ref><ref name=pmid6479342>{{cite journal |pmid=6479342
}}</ref><ref name=pmid2476986>{{cite journal |pmid=2476986 |year=1984 |last1=Passarella |first1=S |last2=Casamassima |first2=E |last3=Molinari |first3=S |last4=Pastore |first4=D |last5=Quagliariello |first5=E |last6=Catalano |first6=IM |last7=Cingolani |first7=A |title=Increase of proton electrochemical potential and ATP synthesis in rat liver mitochondria irradiated in vitro by helium-neon laser |volume=175 |issue=1 |pages=95–9 |journal=FEBS letters}}</ref><ref name=pmid2476986>{{cite journal |pmid=2476986 |year=1989 |last1=Greco |first1=M |last2=Guida |first2=G |last3=Perlino |first3=E |last4=Marra |first4=E |last5=Quagliariello |first5=E |title=Increase in RNA and protein synthesis by mitochondria irradiated with helium-neon laser |volume=163 |issue=3 |pages=1428–34 |journal=Biochemical and biophysical research communications}}</ref> Stimulation of cytochrome c oxidase with a well-defined monochromatic low-level laser instrument modulates cellular metabolism and secondary biological cascades which can affect cell function and behavior giving rise to the positive clinical outcomes that have been reported.<ref name=pmc2790317/>  Subsequent to laser stimulation the mitochondrial membrane potential and proton gradient increases, prompting changes in mitochondria optical properties and increasing the rate of ADP/ATP exch(contracted; show full)

31.)	Jackson et al.  Reductions in cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels following low level laser irradiation: A non-controlled, non-randomized pilot study.  Amer J Cosmet Surg. 2010;27(4):177-184.

32.)    Coleman et al. Clinical Efficacy of Non-Invasive Cryolipolysis and its Effects on Peripheral Nerves. Aest Plast Surg, DOI 10.1007/s00266-008-9286-8

[[Category:Laser medicine]]