Difference between revisions 595896135 and 596002708 on enwiki

'''Zerona''' is a low-level laser device developed by Erchonia Corp. for non-invasive body slimming of the waist, hips, and thighs. It has been shown to disrupt [[adipocyte]], or fat cell, membranes causing the release of stored [[lipids]] and fatty material, in turn, promoting adipocyte collapse. The device was first introduced to the market in 2008 as an [[off-label use]] device for slimming, but later was granted 510k market clearance by the [[Food and Drug Administration]] (contracted; show full)ized, double-blind, multi-centered clinical study was performed to evaluate the clinical utility of this application as an adjunct to liposuction and found that laser therapy decreased operating room times, increased the volume of fat extracted, less force was required by the physician to breakup fat, and the recovery for patients was significantly improved.<ref name=pmc2790317/> Based on the findings of this study the FDA cleared the EML device in 2001 for use as an adjunctive therapy to liposuction
.<ref>{{cite web|last=Karu|first=Tiina I.|title=Critical Review Multiple Roles of Cytochrome c Oxidase in Mammalian Cells Under Action of Red and IR-A Radiation|url=http://www.isan.troitsk.ru/dls/publ3/344.pdf|work=isan.troitsk.ru|publisher=nstitute of Laser and Information Technologies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow Region, Russian Federation|accessdate=17 February 2014}}</ref> .

== Mechanism of action ==
The exact mechanism of action for the Zerona is not fully understood. As a low-level laser device the theory of action is defined as bioorganic [[photochemistry]], a discipline that explores the interaction between [[photons]] and biochemical pathways within cells.  Like many other science principles, bioorganic photochemistry is defined by laws, and the first law of [[photochemistry]] states that a photoabsorbing structure must be present to yield a clinical outcome. [[Cytochrome c oxidase]], a terminal enzyme found within the [[electron transport chain]] of the [[mitochondria]], has been reported by Karu et al. (2010) to function as a photoabsorbing complex within eukaryotic cells ([[eukaryote]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/pdf7/K072206.pdf|publisher=Erchonia Medical Inc.|title=Erchonia EML Laser|accessdate=17 February 2014|date=April 28|year=, 2008}}</ref> . This enzyme is responsible for facilitating the transport of electrons across the [[inner mitochondrial membrane]] to reduce oxygen and generate a proton [[electrochemical gradient]]. Cytochrome c oxidase serves an important role in the metabolic process known as [[oxidative phosphorylation]], which is the production of the high energy molecule [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP).<ref>{{cite book |first1=Reginald |last1=Garrett |first2=Charles M. |last2=Grisham |chapter=Electron Transport and Oxidative (contracted; show full), [[interleukin-6]] (IL-6), and [[C-reactive protein]]. Participating in [[paracrine]] and [[autocrine]] signaling, adipocyte impairment may account for metabolic dysfunction as adipose tissue communicates with multiple body systems including nervous, immune, skeletal, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal.<ref name=pmid17021375/> Positive caloric intake can result in adipocyte [[hypertrophy]] modulating adipose tissue function and increasing a patient’s risk of developing serious metabolic disorders.
  

Directly associated with enlarged fat mass is the chronic disease [[diabetes]]. [[Adiponectin]], a hormone solely produced by adipocytes, has demonstrated insulin sensitive effects promoting anti-diabetic characteristics.<ref name=pmid16642957>{{cite journal |pages=9S–15S |doi=10.1038/oby.2006.276 |title=Metabolic Actions of Adipocyte Hormones: Focus on Adiponectin |year=2006 |last1=Ahima |first1=Rexford S. |journal=Obesity |volume=14 |issue=2S}}</ref> As a plasma protein, adiponectin has been(contracted; show full)herapies to promote insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of diabetes.  The Zerona, based on histological evidence, has proven to reduce adipose tissue fat mass of the waist, hips, and thighs while preventing fat cell death. The formation of the transitory pore within the adipocyte membrane results in adipocyte cell collapse and its return to a lean state.  Reduced fat mass is associated with the synthesis of beneficial hormones like adiponectin which promotes insulin sensitivity within numerous tissues.
  

An article published in the American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery in 2010 demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in both serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels following a standard two-week, six treatment Zerona administration.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Robert F. |last1=Jackson |first2=Greg C. |last2=Roche |first3=Kevin |last3=Wisler |year=2010 |title=Reduction in Cholesterol and Triglyceride Serum Levels Following Low-Level Laser Irradiation: A Noncontrolled, Nonrandomized Pilot Study |journal=The American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=177–84 |url=http://www.erchonia.com/files/uploads/1/file/Jackson_Reduction%20in%20Cholesterol%20and%20Triglyceride%20Serum%20Levels%20Following%203LT_AJCS_2010.pdf}}</ref>

==External links==
*[http://www.erchonia.com/ Erchonia Corp., Official Website]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Laser medicine]]
[[Category:Management of obesity]]