Difference between revisions 59838207 and 59842919 on enwiki

see also [[Shah]]
[[Image:proskynesis.jpg|thumb|right|270px|Darius I the Great]]
'''Shāh''' "king", and '''Shāhanshāh''' "[[king of kings]]", two ''different'' imperial titles in [[Persian]] and [[Iranian|Iranian culture]].

(contracted; show full)quot; (Middle Persian ''bāmbishnān bāmbishn'', written MLKT'-n MLKT'), borne by the monarch's principal wife, to distinguish her from the other queens in the royal household, and similarly further down the hierarchy, with the ''mowbed ī mowbedān'' "priest of priests", and so forth. It is not unlikely that [[Islam|Islamic titles]] like ''kādī 'l-kudāt'' continue this Iranian tradition.

[[Persian language|Neo-Persian]]
  ''shāh'' (also ''shah'') is the usual word for "king" in that language, and is used either by itself or else in conjunction with a personal name. In the latter case it can precede the name (e.g. shāh Mahmud), follow it in an ''izafa''-construction (Mahmud-i shāh), or be appended directly to the name and form an accentual unit with it (Mahmud-shāh). The latter usage is the most common and, though found already in early texts (such as [[Fer(contracted; show full)

The ''shāhanshāh'' title revived and adopted as official title by the new-Iranian of post-Sasanian dynasties, first by the [[Ziyarid]]s (928-1043) and 
alater by the [[Buwayhid|Buyid]] [['Adud al-Daula|‘Adud al-Dawla]] (949-83 [q. v. ]); - and continued to be used by their successors on their coins and in court documents, sometimes in conjunction with its Arabic equivalent ''malik al-muluk'', despite the objections raised by religious authorities (''for details, see LAKAB and the literature cited there''), but after the fall of the Buyids it does not seem to have figured in official protocol until the 20th century, when it was adopted by the "[[Pahlavi]]" dynasty. It has, however, always been used quite freely by poets. Thus the [[Ghaznavid]] Mas’ud I, who would hardly have tolerated such a sacrilegious title in his official documents, had evidently no scruples about his court Persian poet Manuchehri addressing him as ''shāhanshāh, shāhanshāh-i donyā, shah-i mālikan'' and the like, and similar expressions are used by the panegyrists of the Iranianized-Seljuks and others Iranian dynasties after them.



===Bibliography=References==
''Given in the article''

==External Link==
* [http://www.cais-soas.com/CAIS/Law/shah_shahanshah.htm Shah & Shahanshah in Iranian Tradition (CAIS)]⏎
⏎
⏎
⏎
[[Category:Iran| ]]
[[Category:Achaemenid dynasty| ]]
[[Category:Near Eastern countries]]
[[Category:Empires]]
[[Category:History of Iran]]
[[Category:Late Antiquity]]
[[Category:Sassanid dynasty|*]]
[[Category:Zoroastrian history]]
(contracted; show full)[[pl:Sasanidzi]]
[[pt:Dinastia Sassânida]]
[[ru:Сасаниды]]
[[sk:Novoperzská ríša]]
[[sl:Sasanidi]]
[[fi:Sassanidit]]
[[sv:Sasanider]]
[[zh:萨珊王朝]]