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'''Zerona''' is a low-level laser device developed by Erchonia Corp. for non-invasive body slimming of the waist, hips, and thighs. It has been shown to disrupt [[adipocyte]], or fat cell, membranes causing the release of stored [[lipids]] and fatty material, in turn, promoting adipocyte collapse. The device was first introduced to the market in 2008 as an [[off-label use]] device for slimming, but later was cleared as a [[Medical device#Class II: General controls with special (contracted; show full)=Dose-Response |volume=7 |issue=4 |pmid=20011653}}</ref> The development of Zerona required significant clinical investigation to determine the ideal output parameters to ensure optimal efficacy and safety.  Studies evaluated Zerona’s interaction with individual to several million fat cells in order to determine the precise slimming setting. Zerona is a [[monochromatic]] semiconductor diode laser that emits 5 independent 635&nbsp;nm divergent beams.

== History ==
Initial trials for Zerona began 
back in late 1998 in Cali, Colombia, by Dr. Rodrigo Neira and his wife Dr. Clara Neira at the [[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]].   They first applied the device as an adjunct to [[liposuction]] to reduce pain and inflammation commonly experienced after the invasive surgical procedure. In hopes of achieving better pain reduction they began applying LLLT prior to aspiration and surprisingly found that the subcutaneous fat appeared softer and easier to extract. Fascinated with this finding,{{cn}} the Neiras started performing histological investigations to determine why laser had its biological influence on fat tissue. Using [[scanning electron microscopy]] and [[transmission electron microscopy]], they observed the formation of transitory pores or openings in the protective membranes of adipocytes which enabled stored intracellular lipids to be released from enlarged fat cells. The term ''emulsification'' was applied to describe the laser-induced liberation of the stored lipids. The initial findings were later confirmed by three individual sites including the [[University of Singapore]], the [[University of Mexico]], and the [[University of Chicago]]. These findings prompted the development of a device, the EML Laser, to assist in the surgical procedure, of liposuction, with the intent to emulsify the fat and thereby softening the area prior to aspiration.   A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, multi-centered clinical study was performed to evaluate the clinical utility of this application as an adjunct to liposuction and found that laser therapy decreased operating room times, and increased the volume of fat extracted, less force was required by the physician to break  up fat, and the recovery for patients was significantly improved.<ref name="pmc2790317"/> Based on the findings of this study, the FDA cleared the EML device in 2001 for use as an adjunctive therapy to liposuction.<ref>{{cite web|last=Karu|first=Tiina I.|title=Critical Review Multiple Roles of Cytochrome c Oxidase in Mammalian Cells Under Action of Red and IR-A Radiation|url=http://www.isan.troitsk.ru/dls/publ3/344.pdf|work=isan.troitsk.ru|publisher=nstitute of Laser and Information Technologies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow Region, Russian Federation|access-date=17 February 2014}}</ref>

== Mechanism of action ==
The exact mechanism of action for Zerona is not fully understood. As a low-level laser device the theory of action is defined as bioorganic [[photochemistry]], a discipline that explores the interaction between [[photons]] and biochemical pathways within cells.  Like many other science principles, bioorganic photochemistry is defined by laws, and the first law of [[photochemistry]] states that a photoabsorbing structure must be present to yield (contracted; show full)== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.erchonia.com/ Erchonia Corp., Official Website]

[[Category:Laser medicine]]
[[Category:Management of obesity]]