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Soft computing
{{Distinguish|soft microprocessor}}
{{Expert-  subject|computer science|date=July 2009}}

In [[computer science]], '''soft computing''' is the use of inexact solutions to computationally hard tasks such as the solution of [[NP-complete]] problems, for which there is no known algorithm that can compute an exact solution in [[polynomial time]]. Soft computing differs from conventional (hard) computing in that, unlike hard computing, it is tolerant of imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth, and [[approximation]]. In effect, the role model for soft computing is the [[human]] [[mind]].  

The principal constituents of Soft Computing (SC) are Fuzzy Logic (FL), Neural Computing (NC), Evolutionary Computation (EC) Machine Learning (ML) and Probabilistic Reasoning (PR), with the latter subsuming belief networks, chaos theory and parts of learning theory.  

==Introduction==
Soft computing (SC) solutions are unpredictable, uncertain and between 0 and 1. Soft Computing became a formal area of study in Computer Science in the early 1990s.<ref>Zadeh, Lotfi A., "Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, and Soft Computing,"  Communication of the ACM, March 1994, Vol. 37 No. 3, pages 77-84.</ref>  Earlier computational approaches could model and precisely analyze only relatively simple systems. More complex systems arising in [[biology]], [[medicine]], t(contracted; show full)
to design controllers for complex systems such as nonlinear multivariable systems using these conventional approaches that require a plant model.

A number of research investigations
exploit soft computing approaches such as fuzzy logic and neural network techniques in
designing improved controllers for flexible link manipulators. 
Controlling the tip position of a single-link flexible manipulator has been achieved successfully by
employing neural-network and fuzzy controllers
    

An intelligent optimal control for a nonlinear flexible robot arm
driven by a permanent-magnet synchronous servo motor has been designed using a fuzzy
neural network control approach.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.softcomputing.es EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR SOFT COMPUTING]
* [http://www.helsinki.fi/~niskanen/bisc.html BISC SIG IN PHILOSOPHY OF SOFT COMPUTING]
* http://www.soft-computing.de/def.html
* http://dspace.nitrkl.ac.in:8080/dspace/bitstream/2080/1136/1/subudhi.pdf

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[[Category:Scientific modeling]]
[[Category:Artificial intelligence]]
[[Category:Semantic Web]]
[[Category:Soft computing]]