Difference between revisions 8612 and 8637 on enwiki

''I have a strong interest in the history of Eastern Germany and Eastern Europe.
For too many years has the real history been kept from the public .

My interest in my ancestors has lead me back a few thousand years and I welcome anyone with an honest viewpoint ,question or suggestion.'' 

Topics I have started on wikipedia or added to: (partial list)

*[[Adalbert Apostle of the Slavs]]*[[Adalbert of Prague]]*[[Adalbert of Bremen]]    
*[[Adam of Bremen]] *[[Alamanni]]  *[[Alexander Platz]]
*[[Aldona Ona]]  *[[Adelaide of Italy]]     *[[Allied Control Council]]
*[[Amalasuntha]]*[[Amber Road]]       *[[Angle tribe]]
*[[Ansgar]]*[[Archbishops of Riga]]*[[Aurochs]] *[[Balthasar Behem Codex]] 
*[[Balt]]     *[[Baltic languages]]     *[[Baltic Sea]]       
*[[Berlin]]       *[[Brandenburg]]  *[[Burgundians]]  
*[[Brandenburg bishops and margraves]]    *[[Bohemia]]     *[[Boii]]
*[[Cannabis]]    *[[Casimir III the Great]]       *[[Casimir IV]]  *[[Charles IV]]           *[[Christkindl Markt]]
*[[Cimbri]]*[[Codex argenteus]]  *[[Codex Manesse]]                        
*[[Confederations of Germanic Tribes]]
*[[Council of Constance]]*[[Conrad II]] *[[Culmer Land]]
*[[Dago]]*[[Dagome Iudex]]                      
*[[Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit]]   *[[Danzig]] *[[Free State Danzig]]
*[[Eadgyth]],Edith
*[[Erasmus Reinhold]]            *[[Elbing]]          *[[Ermeland]]
*[[Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann]]        
*[[Franconia]]                   *[[Frederick I William of Prussia]] 
*[[Frederick V]]
*[[ Galinder]]  *[[Gediminas]]   *[[List of German Kings and Emperors]]  
*[[Geza of Hungary]]
*[[Glass]] = glaes  *[[Godesberg]] *[[Gdynia]] *[[Gustav II Adolph]]
*[[Habsburg]] 
*[[Hamburg]]                              *[[Haithabu]] 
*[[Hanseatic League]] 

*[[Heimatvertriebene]]
*[[Henry I the Fowler]]  *[[Henry I the Bearded]]
*[[Henry II of Saxony]]
*[[Hohenzollern]] 

*[[Insterburg]] 
*[[Jagiello]]   *[[Jadwiga, queen of Poland]]
*[[Jatwingian-Sudauer language]]*[[Jobst of Moravia]]*[[Johann Gottfried von Herder]] *[[John the Blind of Luxemburg]] 
*[[Johann Sigismund]]  *add. [[John Sutter]]  *[[Jordanes]]
*[[Jutland]]  *[[Jutland Peninsula]] *[[Kaliningrad]]
*[[Kaliningrad Oblast]] *[[Kashubian]] *[[Koenigsberg]]
*[[Langobardi]]   *[[Louis I the Great of Hungary]]     *[[Lugier]]
*[[Louis IV the Bavarian]]
*[[Magdeburg]]      *[[Marcomanni]] *[[Marbod]]  *[[Maria Eleonora]]  
*[[Masovia]] *[[Masuria]]*[[Matthew of Krakow]] *[[Merseburg]]   *[[Mieszko I]]   
*[[Moneta Nova]]      *[[Moravia]]  
*[[Noah]] 3 sons [[Sem]] [[Ham]] [[Japheth]]
*[[Nuremberg]] *[[Nutcracker]] 
*[[Old Prussian]] *[[Odoacer]]* [[Otto I the Great]]  *[[Otto II]]   *[[Otto III]]
*[[Pomerania]]  *[[Pomeranian language]]  *[[Pomesania]]
*[[Posen]] [[Potsdam Conference]] 
*[[Prague]]  *[[Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg]]
*[[Prussia]]  *[[Prussian Confederation]] * add.[[Ptolemy]]  *[[Riga]]
*[[Salian]]   *[[Samland]]
*[[Saxon Dukes,Kings,Emperors]]                
*[[Sigismund I]]
*[[Sigismund]] emperor  *[[Sigismund II Augustus]] *[[Sigismund Bathory]]
*[[Sigismund III Vasa]]
*[[Silesia]]  *[[Suebi]]  *[[Suebians]]
*St.[[Bruno of Querfurt]] *[[St. Casimir]] *[[St. Gall]]
*St.[[Hedwig of Andechs]]
*[[St.Maurice]]
*St.[[Nicolas of Myra]]
*St.[[Stephen of Hungary]]
*[[Tacitus]]   *[[Theodoric the Great]]*[[Teutonic Knights]]
*[[Theophanu]] *[[Treaty of Brest-Litowsk]]  *[[Truso]]
*[[Turners]] 
*[[Ulfilas]] *[[University of Krakow]] *[[University of Prague]] *[[Usedom Peninsula]]  
*[[Vandals]]  *[[Vistula River]]   *[[Vinland]]

*[[George Washington]] Landes Vater
*[[Wernher Von Braun]]
*[[Widewuto]] 
*[[Wollin Peninsula]]  *[[Worms]] *[[Wotan]]          *[[Wroclaw]]
*[[Wulfstan of Haithabu]]

'''Many different people input articles in wikipedia. Texts change constantly'''
   Therefore much of the contents do not remain my input.
Articles needing work:
*[[Nicolaus Copernicus]]
*[[Thirteen Years War]] 
*[[Thorn]]= Torun   [[Masovia]]  *[[Gdansk]] etc  

*[[Habsburg]]    *[[Hohenzollern]]       *[[Holy Roman Empire]]              

*[[Latin Names of German Cities]]

*[[Suebi]]  *[[Saxons]]   *[[Heruli]]  *[[Sciri]] *[[Rugi]]
*[[Burgundians]]  *[[Goths]] 

* Maps: 
*[[Map makers]]
*[[Sebastian Muenster]]
*[[Martin Heilwig]]
*[[Hartmann Schedel]]
*[[Isidore of Seville]]
*[[Martin Waldseemueller]]  
*map of [[Ermeland]] by [[Johann Friedrich Endersch]]

''These maps show [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] birthplace of city of Thorn, Prussia 
and Frauenburg Prussia( place of work and death)''
*Map of Prussia ca 1600[[http://wwwtest.library.ucla.edu/libraries/mgi/maps/blaeu/prvssia.jpg]] 

Map of 1570 Pomerania,Mark Brandenburg [[Prussia]][[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/desbillons/atlas/seite70.html]]

Index of countries in Europe , 1570 Atlas: [[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/desbillons/atlas/seite98.html]]

Index of Prussian Documents ''Preussische Urkunden'' and map of 1547 Prussia (republished 1588) under Landeskunde at [[http://www.rrz.uni-hamburg.de/Landesforschung/pub/3frame.html?/Landesforschung/pub/js413.htm]]

*[[Heimatvertriebene]]     *[[Horse breeds]]   *[[Akhal-Tekes]]   *[[Trakehner]]

Current photos from [[Oblast Kaliningrad]] Northern East Prussia Koenigsberg at:[[http://www.euronet.nl/~jlemmens/prussia.html]]


My personal website is http://www.crystalbay.net/prussia-baltic or 

*http://crystalbay.net/prussia-baltic/deutsch.htm
---------------------------
 
[[talk:H._Jonat|/Talk]] 
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⏎
:''This article is about the '''door''' as an architectural element. There is an article about [[The Doors]] whom were a four person musical band of the 1960s and early 1970s.''

[[Image:House front door.jpg|right|thumb|The front door of a house is often [[decoration|decorated]] to appear inviting.]]

A '''door''' is a structure in a [[wall]] that allows easy conversion between an opening and a closed wall. It is found in many [[house]]s and other [[building]]s, as well as in [[vehicle]]s, [[cupboard]]s, [[cage (enclosure)|cage]]s, etc.
See [[door furniture]] for a discussion of attachments to doors such as [[doorhandle]]s and [[doorknob]]s.

The purpose of an opening is:
*for people, [[animal]]s and objects to pass; some doors are for emergencies only ([[emergency exit]])
*for [[air]] to pass ([[ventilation]])
*for [[seeing]] and [[hearing (sense)|hearing]] what happens on the other side (however, some doors are partly or fully made of glass, thereby allowing visibility in any case)

The purpose of a closure is:
*for preventing air to pass: reducing air drafts and creating an enclosed space that can be heated or cooled more effectively. The use of doors is essential in colder climes where heating would be very difficult without them, and similarly in climates where air conditioning is used.  [[Revolving door]]s are especially efficient for this purpose.
*for not seeing or hearing what happens on the other side: [[privacy]], avoiding [[noise]]
*for preventing falling out (in vehicles)
*regulation of access. Combined with various types of [[Locksmithing|locks]], doors become important safety measures.
*for [[esthetics]] (e.g. cupboard doors preventing the sight of the contents).
*for helping prevent [[fire]] to spread.

Doors can also have ritual purposes (see [[Black Rod]] for an example of the opening and closing of doors having a symbolic meaning).

A door is usually fastened in a doorway, that is a frame constructed around the edges of a hole in a wall or other containing structure.  The two vertical members of the frame are called ''jambs''.

==Types of doors==

[[Image:Namdroling.Temple.India.Door.jpg|thumb|left|300px|A [[decoration|decorated]] door from the [[Tibet]]an [[Namdroling]] [[monastery]], southern [[India]].]]

Many kinds of doors have specific names, depending on their purpose. The most common variety of door consists of a single rigid panel that fills the doorway, [[hinge]]d along one side so that it can fold away from the doorway in one direction but not in the other.  Many variations on this basic design are possible, such as "double" doors that have two adjacent independent panels hinged on each side of the doorway. 

A '''trapdoor''' is a door that is oriented horizontally in a [[floor]] or [[ceiling]], often accessed via a [[ladder]].

A '''stable door''' is divided in half horizontally.  The top half can be opened to allow the [[horse]] to be fed, while the bottom half can be closed to keep the animal inside.

A '''swing door''' has special hinges that allow it to open either outwards or inwards, and is usually sprung to keep it closed.  '''Saloon doors''' are a pair of lightweight swing doors often found in public bars.

An '''up-and-over''' door is often used in garages.  Instead of hinges it has a mechanism, often counter[[balance]]d or [[torsion spring|sprung]], that allows it to be lifted so that it rests horizontally above the opening.  

A '''barn door''' is a very large sliding door that covers the entire side of a [[barn (building)|barn]].

A '''French door''' is a door that has multiple lights, the full length of the door.   Traditional French doors are assembled from individual small pieces of [[glass]] and [[mullion]]s.   French doors made of double-pane glass (on exterior doors for insulation reasons) may have the decorative grill embedded between the panes.  The decorative grill may also be superimposed on top of single pane of glass in the door.

[[Image:Automatic door mace 1.jpg|thumb|Mechanism of the sliding door of a lift]]
A '''sliding glass door''' is a glass door that slides to open.  It goes in an opening at least twice the width of the sliding door and is composed of two panels of glass.  One panel is fixed and the other slides.  Sliding glass doors are most commonly used for large views of backyards

A '''garden door''' is any door that opens to a [[garden]] or backyard.  It is often used specifically for double French doors in place of a sliding glass door.  In such a configuration, it has the advantage of a very large opening for moving large objects in and out.

A '''pet door''' is an opening in a door to allow [[pet]]s to enter and exit without the main door being opened.   It may be simply covered by a [[rubber]] flap or it may be an actual door hinged on the top that the pet can push through.   Pet doors may be mounted in a sliding glass door as a new (permanent or temporary) panel.  Pet doors may be unidirectional, only allowing pets to exit.  Pet doors may be electronic, only allowing pets with a special electronic tag to enter.

A '''revolving door''' is a type of door that typically consists of a structure with at least four panels that meet in the center that has an [[axle]].  A person using the door pushes a panel in the desired direction in or out of the building, causing the door to rotate in the structure until the person has access out.  This door design is used primarily to maintain an air seal from the outside, thus minimizing leaking of [[climate control]]led air from the building and the resulting expense of compensating for the loss.  This type of door is also often seen as a mark of [[prestige]] and [[glamour]] for a building and it not unusual for neighbouring buildings installing their own revolving doors when a rival building gets one.

== Door construction ==
Traditional doors are constructed from vertical planks of [[wood]] held together by horizontal beams called ''ledges'' (hence ''ledged door'').  Often they are strengthened by diagonal beams, running upwards from the hinges, called ''braces'' (hence ''braced'' and ''ledged and braced'' doors).

Recently (c. [[20th century]]) hollow doors have been used, consisting of a thin wooden frame covered by [[hardboard]] or [[plywood]].  Many houses now have external doors that are [[aluminium]]-framed with a [[polyvinyl chloride]] exterior.  Steel doors are also very common for exterior doors.

Doors are constructed to be symmetric.  Which way it opens is determined at installation when the hole for the door knob and lock and bolt are drilled on-site to match existing lock locations.   For hollow doors, the area where the door knob goes is not hollow but solid and reinforced.

[[Category:Architectural elements]]

[[de:Tür]]
[[eo:Pordo]]
[[nl:Deur]]
[[ja:扉]]
[[ru:Дверь]]
[[sv:Dörr]]
[[fi:Ovi]]