Difference between revisions 937983727 and 937990010 on enwiki

History of [[Belarus]]ian states can be traced far to [[Principality of Polotsk]]. From 13th century lands of modern Belarus were a major part of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] which later became part of the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. In 19th century Belarus together with [[Lithuania]] formed the [[Northwestern Krai]] of [[Russian Empire]]. At the beginning of the 20th century there was the short-lived [[Belarusian People's Republic]], and in 1922 Belarus became part of the [[USSR]] as [[Bel(contracted; show full)
==General-Governors of [[Northwestern Krai]] of the [[Russian Empire]]==
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}

==Leaders of Belarus since 1918==

===[[Belarusian People's Republic]] (1918–1920)===

{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;"
! №
! colspan=2 | Chairman
! Took office
! Left office
! Party
|-
| Colspan=7| '''Chairmen of the Rada'''
|-
! style="background:pink; color:white;"| 1
| width="50px" | [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Jan Sierada]]
| 9 March 1918
| 19 May 1918
| [[Belarusian Socialist Assembly]]
|-
| colspan=7| ''Vacant⏎
====Chairmen of the Rada====
*[[Jan Sierada|Ivan Mikitavich Syerada]] (19 May 1918 – 1 January 1919)''
|-
| Colspan=7| '''rch – May 1918)

====Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Workers-–and-–Peasants' Soviet Government'''
|-
! style="background:"| 2
| width="50px" | [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| ====
*[[Zmicier Zhylunovich]]⏎
| (1 January 1919
|– 4 February 1919⏎
| [[Independent politician|Independent]] / [[Nonpartisanism|Non-partisan]]
|-
| Colspan=7| '''Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee'''
|-
! style="background:red; color:white"| 3
| width="50px" | [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Aleksandr Myasnikyan]]
| 4 February 1919
| 27 February 1919
| [[Communist Party of Belorussia]]
|-
| colspan=7| ''Vacant (27 February 1919 – 13 December 1919)''
|-
! style="background:"| 4
| width="50px" | [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Pyotra)

====Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee====
*[[Aleksandr Fyodorovich Myasnikov]] (4–27 February 1919)
*[[Pyotra Krecheuski|Pyotr Antonavich Krecheuwski]]⏎
| (13 December 1919⏎
| 4 February 1919
| [[Independent politician|Independent]] / [[Nonpartisanism|Non-partisan]]
|-
| colspan=7| '''Chairman of the Rival Government'''
|-
! style="background:pink; color:white;"| <small>(1)</small>
| width="50px" | [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Jan Si – November 1920) (Chairman of Government)
*[[Jan Sierada|Jan Mikitavich Syerada]]⏎
| 13 (December 1919⏎
| – July 1920⏎
| [[Belarusian Socialist Assembly]]
|}) (Rival Government)

===[[Belarusian People's Republic]] in Exile (1920–present)===

====Presidents of the Rada BNR====
(In [[Vilnius]] to 1925, then in [[Prague]], presently in Canada)
⏎
* [[Janka Sierada]] (9 March – 14 May 1918)
* [[Jazep Losik]] (14 May 1918 – 13 December 1919)
* [[Piotra Krečeŭski]] (13 December 1919 – 1928)
* [[Vasil Zacharka]] (1928–1943)
* [[Mikoła Abramčyk]] (1944–1970)
* [[Vincent Žuk-Hryskievič]] (1970–1982)
* [[Jazep Sažyč]] (1982–1997)
* [[Ivonka Survilla]] (since 1997)

===[[West Belarus]] under [[Second Polish Republic|Polish]] rule (1919-1939)===

{{main|Second Polish Republic}}

===Chief of State===
{{main|Naczelnik Państwa}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan=2|Portrait
! width=25% |Name<br /><small>(Birth–Death)</small>
! width=17% |Entered office
! width=17% |Left office
! width=20% |Political party
! width=20% |Notes
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"|
| [[File:Jozef Pilsudski1.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Józef Piłsudski]]'''<br /><small>(1867–1935)</small>
| 14 November 1918
| 11 December 1922
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| Provisional Chief of State until 1918.
|}

===President of the Republic===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan=2|Portrait
! width=25% |Name<br /><small>(Birth–Death)</small>
! width=17% |Entered office
! width=17% |Left office
! width=20% |Political party
! width=20% |Notes
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"|
| [[File:Portret Narutowicz (cropped).jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Gabriel Narutowicz]]'''<br /><small>(1865–1922)</small>
| 11 December 1922
| 16 December 1922{{-}}{{small|(''Died in office'')}}
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<br /><small>supported by</small><br />[[Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"]]
| Assassinated.
|-
! style="background:{{Polish People's Party/meta/color}}"|
| [[File:Rataj.jpg|75px]]
| [[Maciej Rataj]]<br /><small>(1884–1940)</small><br /><small>''[[Acting President of Poland|Acting President]]''</small>
| 16 December 1922
| 22 December 1922
| [[Polish People's Party "Piast" (1913–31)|Polish People's Party "Piast"]]
| [[Marshal of the Sejm]].
|-
! style="background:{{Polish People's Party/meta/color}}"|
| [[File:Stanislaw Wojciechowski portrait.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Stanisław Wojciechowski]]'''<br /><small>(1869–1953)</small>
| 22 December 1922
| 14 May 1926{{-}}{{small|(''Deposed'')}}
| [[Polish People's Party "Piast" (1913–31)|Polish People's Party "Piast"]]
| Deposed in the [[May Coup (Poland)|May Coup]] by [[Marshal of Poland|Marshal]] [[Józef Piłsudski|Piłsudski]].
|-
! style="background:{{Polish People's Party/meta/color}}"|
| [[File:Rataj.jpg|75px]]
| [[Maciej Rataj]]<br /><small>(1884–1940)</small><br /><small>''Acting President''</small>
| 14 May 1926
| 4 June 1926
| [[Polish People's Party "Piast" (1913–31)|Polish People's Party "Piast"]]
| Marshal of the Sejm.
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"|
| [[File:Ignacy Moscicki.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Ignacy Mościcki]]'''<br /><small>(1867–1946)</small>
| 4 June 1926
| 30 September 1939
| [[Sanation]]
| Mościcki's government was exiled to Romania after Poland's [[Invasion of Poland|defeat in World War II]] after 17 September.
|}

===[[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1920–1991)===
====First secretaries of the Byelorussian Communist Party====
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;"
! №
! colspan=2 | Chairman
! Took office
! Left office
! Party
|-
! style="background:red; color:white"| 2
| width="50px" rowspan=2| [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| rowspan=2| [[Vilgelm Knorinsh]]
| 9 August 1920
| 30 December 1922
| [[Communist Party of Belorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"| <small>(2)</small>
| 30 December 1922
| 1923
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|3
| width="50px"| [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Aleksandr Osatkin-Vladimirsky]]
| 1923
| 13 May 1924
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|4
| width="50px"| [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Aleksandr Krinitsky]]
| 13 May 1924
| 22 December 1925
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|5
| width="50px"| [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Nikolay Goloded]]
| 22 December 1925
| 7 May 1927
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|<small>(2)</small>
| width="50px"| [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Vilgelm Knorinsh]]
| 7 May 1927
| 4 December 1928
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|6
| width="50px"| 
| [[Vilgelm Knorinsh]]
| 4 December 1928
| 3 January 1930
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|7
| width="50px"| [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Konstantin Gey]]
| 3 January 1930
| 18 January 1932
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|8
| width="50px"| [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Nikolay Gikalo]]
| 18 January 1932
| 18 March 1937
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|9
| width="50px"| [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Vasily Sharangovich]]
| 18 March 1937
| 17 July 1937
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|—
| width="50px"| [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Yakov Yakovlev]]
| 17 July 1937
| 8 August 1937
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|10
| width="50px"| [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Aleksei Alekseyevich Volkov|Aleksei Volkov]]
| 11 August 1937
| 18 June 1938
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|11
| width="50px"| [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Panteleimon Ponomarenko]]
| 18 June 1938
| 7 March 1947
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|12
| width="50px"| [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Nikolay Gusarov]]
| 7 March 1947
| 31 May 1950
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|13
| width="50px"| [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Nikolai Patolichev]]
| 31 May 1950
| 28 July 1956
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|14
| width="50px"| [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Kiril Mazurov]]
| 28 July 1956
| 30 March 1965
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|15
| width="50px"| [[File:1998. Stamp of Belarus 0259.jpg|75px]]
| [[Petr Masherov]]
| 30 March 1965
| 4 September 1980
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|16
| width="50px"| [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Tikhon Kiselyov]]
| 4 September 1980
| 11 January 1983
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|17
| width="50px"| [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Nikolay Slyunkov]]
| 13 January 1983
| 6 February 1987
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|18
| width="50px"| [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Yefrem Sokolov]]
| 6 February 1987
| 30 November 1990
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|-
! style="background:{{Communist Party of the Soviet Union/meta/color}}; color:white"|19
| width="50px"| [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Anatoly Malofeyev]]
| 30 November 1990
| 15 August 1991
| [[Communist Party of Byelorussia]]
|}

===[[Republic of Belarus]] (1991–present)===
====Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet====
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;"
! №
! colspan=2 | Chairman
! Took office
! Left office
! Party
|-
! 1
| width="50px" | [[File:Stanislaw Szuszkiewicz 1.JPG|75px]]
| [[Stanislau Shushkevich]]
| 15 August 1991
| 26 January 1994
| [[Independent politician|Independent]] / [[Nonpartisanism|Non-partisan]]
|-
! —
| width="50px" | [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Vyacheslav Nikolayevich Kuznetsov|Vyacheslav Kuznetsov]]<br /><small>''Acting Chairman''</small>
| 26 January 1994
| 28 January 1994
| [[Independent politician|Independent]] / [[Nonpartisanism|Non-partisan]]
|-
! 2
| width="50px" | [[File:No image.png|75px]]
| [[Myechyslaw Hryb]]
| 28 January 1994
| 20 July 1994
| [[Independent politician|Independent]] / [[Nonpartisanism|Non-partisan]]
|}

====President====
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;"
! №
! colspan=2 | President
! Took office
! Left office
!Election
! Party
|-
! rowspan="5" | 1
| rowspan="5" width="50px" | [[File:Alexander Lukashenko crop.jpeg|75px]]
| rowspan="5" | [[Alexander Lukashenko]]
| rowspan="5" | 20 July 1994
| rowspan="5" | incumbent
|[[1994 Belarusian presidential election|1994]]
| rowspan="5" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] / [[Nonpartisanism|Non-partisan]]
|-
|[[2001 Belarusian presidential election|2001]]
|-
|[[2006 Belarusian presidential election|2006]]
|-
|[[2010 Belarusian presidential election|2010]]
|-
|[[2015 Belarusian presidential election|2015]]
|}

==List of Presidents of Belarus (1994–present)==
:''For leaders before independence and in the period 1991–1994, see [[List of national leaders of Belarus]]''
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;"
! #
! colspan=2 | President<br /><small>(Birth–Death)</small>
! Took office
! Left office
! Party
|-
! rowspan=5 | '''1'''
| width="50px" rowspan=5 | [[File:SBY dan Alexander Lukashenko 19-03-2013 (cropped).jpg|75px]]
| rowspan=5| [[Alexander Lukashenko]]<br/><small>(born 1954)
| 20 July 1994
| 9 September 2001
| rowspan=5| [[Independent politician|Independent]]/[[Nonpartisanism|Non-partisan]]
|-
| 9 September 2001
| 19 March 2006
|-
| 19 March 2006
| 19 December 2010
|-
| 19 December 2010
| 11 October 2015
|-
| 11 October 2015
| Present
|}*[[Pyotra Krecheuski|Pyotr Antonavich Krechewski]] (November 1920 – 8 March 1928)
*[[Vasil Zakharka|Vasil Ivanavich Zakharka]] (8 March 1928 – 6 March 1943)
*[[Mikola Abramchyk|Mikalay Syamyonavich Abramchyk]] (6 March 1943 – 29 May 1970)
*[[Vintsent Zhuk-Hryshkyevich|Vikentsiy Zhuk-Hryshkyevich]] (May 1970 – November 1982)
*[[Jazep Sazhych]] (November 1982&ndash;1997)
*[[Barys Rahula]] (1997) (acting)
*[[Ivonka Survilla|Ivonka J. Symaniec-Survilla]] (1997&ndash;present)

===[[West Belarus]] under [[Second Polish Republic|Polish]] rule (1919-1939)===

*[[Józef Piłsudski]] as Chief of State (14 November 1918 – 11 December 1922)
*[[Gabriel Narutowicz]] (11 December 1922 – 16 December 1922)
*[[Maciej Rataj]] (acting) (16 December 1922 – 22 December 1922)
*Stanisław Wojciechowski (22 December 1922 – 14 May 1926)
*[[Maciej Rataj]] (acting) (14 May 1926 – 4 June 1926)
*[[Ignacy Mościcki]] (4 June 1926 – 30 September 1939)

===[[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1920–1991)===

====First secretaries of the Byelorussian Communist Party====
*[[Vilgelm Knorinsh]] (9 August 1920&ndash;1923) (1st time)
*[[Aleksandr Osatkin-Vladimirsky]] (1923&ndash;1924)
*[[Aleksandr Krinitsky]] (13 May 1924 – 22 December 1925)
*[[Nikolay Goloded]] (22 December 1925 – 7 May 1927)
*[[Vilgelm Knorinsh]] (7 May 1927 – 4 December 1928) (2nd time)
*[[Yakov Gamarnik]] (4 December 1928 – 3 January 1930)
*[[Konstantin Gey]] (3 January 1930 – 18 January 1932)
*[[Nikolay Gikalo]] (18 January 1932 – 18 March 1937)
*[[Vasily Sharangovich]] (18 March – 17 July 1937)
*[[Yakov Yakovlev]] (27 July – 8 August 1937) (acting)
*[[Aleksei Alekseyevich Volkov]] (11 August 1937 – 18 June 1938)
*[[Panteleimon Ponomarenko]] (18 June 1938 – 7 March 1947) (in exile in [[Russian SFSR]] since June 1941 until 1944)
*[[Nikolai Gusarov]] (7 March 1947 – 31 May 1950)
*[[Nikolai Patolichev]] (31 May 1950 – 8 March 1953) (1st time)
*[[Ivan Klimov]] (1952–1953) (b. 1903 – d. 1991)  
*[[Mikhail Zimyanin]] (8 March – 25 June 1953)
*[[Nikolai Patolichev]] (25 June 1953 – 28 July 1956) (2nd time)
*[[Kirill Mazurov]] (28 July 1956 –30 March 1965)
*[[Pyotr Masherov]] (30 March 1965 – 4 October 1980)
*[[Tikhon Kiselyov]] (15 October 1980 – 11 January 1983)
*[[Nikolay Slyunkov]] (13 January 1983 – 6 February 1988)
*[[Yefrem Sokolov]] (6 February 1988 – 30 November 1990)
*[[Anatoly Malofeyev]] (30 November 1990 – August 1991)

===[[Republic of Belarus]] (1991–Present)===

====Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet====
*[[Stanislav Shushkevich]] (15 August 1991 – 26 January 1994) (acting to 18 September 1991)
*[[Vyacheslav Nikolayevich Kuznetsov]] (26–28 January 1994) (acting)
*[[Myechyslaw Hryb]] (28 January – 20 July 1994)

====President====
*[[Alexander Lukashenko]] (20 July 1994 – present)

==See also==
*[[List of national leaders of Belarus]]
*[[President of Belarus]]
*[[Prime Minister of Belarus]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{cite web
|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Belarus.html
|work=worldstatesmen.org
|title=Rulers of Belarus
|accessdate=2006-03-21}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050224230315/http://rydel.net/litvania/radavod.php Grand Dukes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania]

{{Years in Belarus}}

[[Category:Belarusian rulers| ]]
[[Category:Lists of European rulers|Belarusian]]
[[Category:Belarus-related lists|Rulers]]
[[Category:Belarus politics-related lists|Rulers]]