Difference between revisions 951990478 and 952012589 on enwiki

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{short description|1941 massacre of Jews in Poland}}

{{Infobox civilian attack
| title         = Jedwabne pogrom
| partof        = [[World War II]] and [[the Holocaust]]
| image         = A-438 Mogiła-pomnik, na cmentarzu żydowskim, 1941 Jedwabne.jpg
| image_size    = 
| image_upright = 1.3
| alt           = 
| caption       = Memorial in [[Jedwabne]], [[Łomża County]], [[Poland]]
| map           = 
| map_size      = 
| map_alt       = 
| map_caption   = 
| location      = [[Jedwabne]], [[German-occupied Poland]]
| target        = 
| coordinates   = {{Coord|53.288792|N|22.309542|E|source:plwiki_region:PL|format=dms|display=inline}}
| date          = {{start date|1941|07|10|df=yes}}
| type          = Massacre, [[pPogrom]]{{sfn|Persak|2011|pp=410}} /massacre
| fatalities    = At least 340 Polish Jews{{sfn|Ignatiew|2002}}
| perpetrators  = At least 40 ethnic Polish men{{sfn|Ignatiew|2002}}
| motive        = [[Antisemitism]]
{{Infobox|child=yes
| label1 = Trials
| data1  = 1949–1950 trials, [[Polish People's Republic]]}}
| inquiry       = {{plainlist|
(contracted; show full)27;s remaining Jews, around 300 men, women, children and infants, were then locked inside the barn, which was set on fire, probably using [[kerosene]] from former Soviet supplies.{{sfn|Ignatiew|2002}} This group was then buried in the barn near the first group. The 2001 exhumation found one mass grave within the barn's foundations and another close to the foundations.{{sfn|Musial|2003|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=a_49GjK8ovMC&pg=PA325 325]}} Eighteen-year-old Szmul Wassersztajn deposited a
n eye  witness account in [[Yiddish]] with the [[Jewish Historical Institute]] in [[Białystok]] on 5 April 1945:

{{quote|The other brutality was when the murderers ordered every Jew to dig a hole and bury all previously murdered Jews, and then those were killed and in turn buried by others. It is impossible to represent all the brutalities of the hooligans, and it is difficult to find in our history of suffering something similar.{{pb}} Beards of old Jews were burned, newborn babies were killed at their mothers&#(contracted; show full)amine the pogrom within the context of German actions during the early stages of [[the Holocaust]].{{sfn|Rossino|2003}} According to [[Dan Stone (historian)|Dan Stone]], "some historians sought to dispute the fundamentals of Gross's findings by massive attention to minute details, burying the wider picture under a pile of supposed inaccuracies", a process [[Dariusz Stola]] calls "quasi-negationism'."{{sfn|Stone|2010|p=27}}

===Polish government investigation, 2000–2003===
====
Interviews and eExhumation====
In July 2000, following the publication of Gross's book, the Polish parliament ordered a new investigation into the pogrom to be conducted by the [[Institute of National Remembrance|Institute of National Remembrance&nbsp;–Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation]] (''Instytut Pamięci Narodowej&nbsp;–Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu'', or IPN).{{sfn|Ignatiew|2002}} American human-rights lawyer Matthew Omolesky wrote: "Just as there was, in the [[Gaullism|Gaullist]] conception, a 'France that was never at [[Vichy#Vichy France—seat of the French State, the Nazi collaborationist government|Vichy]],' so too was there a 'Poland that was not at Jedwabne.'"<ref name=Omelsky5March2018/>

{{anchor|exhumation}}In May–June 2001 the IPN conducted a partialn exhumation at the site of the barn. Charred bodies were found in two mass graves, and broken pieces of the bust of Lenin.{{sfn|Ignatiew|2003}}{{page needed|date=April 2020}} According to [[Dariusz Stola]], "experts agree that there are no more than 400–450 bodies. This figure is compatible with the size of the barn that constituted the killing site (19&nbsp;×&nbsp;7 meters, or 62&nbsp;×&nbsp;23 feet)."{{sfn|Stola|2003|p=140}} The scope of the exhumation was restricted because of religious objections to disturbing the remains.{{sfn|Gross|2002}}{{page needed|date=April 2020}}{{efn|Rabbi Joseph Polak also took issue with the decision, asserting that Jewish law required the bodies to be reinterred in a proper burial ground.{{sfn|Polakbrought to an end after five days by religious objections from [[Orthodox Jew]]s; Adam Rosenblatt writes that, because of this, what happened in Jedwabne "is likely to remain forever murky".{{sfn|Rosenblatt|2015|p=126}} According to William Haglund, a forensic expert for [[Physicians for Human Rights]], who was there as an international observer, the exhumation should have lasted several months;456 in his view, the number of bodies could not be estimated in the short space of time. 359 The Polish government had to compromise and agree that only the top layer and small fragments would be examined; large pieces of bone would not be moved.{{sfn|Rosenblatt|2015|p=126}} The exhumation reportedly ended, Haglund writes, "with some of the non-Jewish Polish investigators weeping in frustration as they watched one of the rabbis lowering the charred teeth and bone fragments&nbsp;... back into the graves".{{sfn|Rosenblatt|20015|p=24}}}}⏎
127}}

====Interviews====
Over the course of two years, IPN investigators interviewed some 111 witnesses, mainly from Poland, but also from Israel and the United States.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} One-third of the IPN witnesses had been eyewitnesses of some part of the pogrom; most had been children at the time. The IPN also searched for documents in Polish archives in Warsaw, Białystok and Łomża, in German archives, and at Yad Vashem in Israel.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} During a visit to New York in January 2001, L(contracted; show full)[[Category:1941 in Judaism]]
[[Category:1941 in Poland]]
[[Category:Controversies in Poland]]
[[Category:Holocaust massacres and pogroms in Poland]]
[[Category:July 1941 events]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 1941]]
[[Category:Poland in World War II]]
[[Category:World War II crimes in Poland]]-->