Difference between revisions 953311026 and 953312610 on enwiki

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{short description|1941 massacre of Jews in Poland}}

{{Infobox civilian attack
| title         = Jedwabne pogrom
| partof        = [[World War II]] and [[the Holocaust]]
| image         = A-438 Mogiła-pomnik, na cmentarzu żydowskim, 1941 Jedwabne.jpg
| image_size    = 
(contracted; show full)ael's [[Righteous Among the Nations|Righteous among the Nations]] medal by [[Yad Vashem]].<ref>[http://db.yadvashem.org/righteous/family.html?language=en&itemId=4035463 "Wyrzykowski Aleksander & Wyrzykowska Antonina (Karwowska)"]. The Righteous Among Nations database. Yad Vashem.</ref> Antonina Wyrzykowska was later awarded the Commander's Cross of the [[Order of Polonia Restituta]] by Poland's President [[Lech Kaczyński]].{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

==
IEarly inquiries and, first monument==
===Testimony===
Szmul Wasersztajn, a Jewish resident who was 18 at the time of the pogrom, testified in [[Yiddish]] to the [[Jewish Historical Institute|Central Jewish Historical Commission]] in [[Białystok]] (established to collect statements from Holocaust survivors) on 5 April 1945:

(contracted; show full)rmann Schaper]] as having been deployed in the area at the time of the pogroms. The methods used by Schaper's death squad in the Radziłów massacre were identical to those employed in Jedwabne only three days later.{{sfn|Bikont|2015|pp=194–195, 422–423}} During the German investigation at [[Ludwigsburg]] in 1964, Schaper lied to interrogators, claiming that in 1941 he had been a truck driver. Legal proceedings against the accused were terminated on 2 September 1965.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}


In December 1966 [[Szymon Datner]] wrote an article for the ''[[Jewish Historical Institute|Bulletin of Jewish Historical Institute]]'' concluding that the Germans had moved through the area causing popular outbursts against the Jews without taking part in the killing themselves.{{sfn|Kaczyński|2003|p=55}}<!--make invisible until sources are found: Schaper's case was reopened in 1974. During the second investigation, Count van der Groeben testified that it was indeed Schaper who had conducted mass executions of Jews in his district. In 1976 a court in [[Giessen]] pronounced Schaper guilty of the execution of Poles and Jews by the kommando SS [[Ciechanów|Zichenau]]-[[Płock|Schröttersburg]].{{clarify|date=April 2020}}{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} Schaper was sentenced to six years imprisonment, but was soon released for medical reasons.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Urban |first1=Thomas |title=Poszukiwany Hermann Schaper |work=[[Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)|Rzeczpospolita]] |date=1 September 2001 |url=https://archiwum.rp.pl/artykul/351399-Poszukiwany--Hermann-Schaper.html}}</ref>-->

===Jedwabne monument===Monument, Datner article===
In 1963 a monument to the victims was placed in Jedwabne by the Polish communist state's ''[[Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy]]''. Its inscription blamed the Germans: "The place of destruction of the Jewish population. Here Gestapo and Nazi gendarmes burned alive 1600 people on 10 July 1941."<ref>{{harvnb|Michlic|2002}}{{page needed|date=April 2020}}; {{harvnb|Shafir|2012|p=43}}.</ref>

=In December 1966 [[Szymon Datner]] wrote an article for the ''[[Jewish Historical Institute|Bulletin of Jewish Historical Institute]]'' concluding that the Germans had moved through the area causing popular outbursts against the Jews without taking part in the killing themselves.{{sfn|Kaczyński|2003|p=55}}

==Later inquiries, new monument==⏎
===''Gdzie mój starszy syn Kain'' (1999)====
Polish film-maker [[Agnieszka Arnold]] made two documentary films interviewing witnesses of the massacre. ''Gdzie mój starszy syn Kain'' ("Where is my older brother Cain", 1999), included interviews with Szmul Wasersztajn and the daughter of the owner of the barn where the massacre took place. The second, ''Sąsiedzi'' ("Neighbors", 2001), dealt with the subject in greater depth. Gross's book of the same name was written with Arnold's per(contracted; show full)d advance intelligence (from their agents) as to who among the Poles bore hatred toward Jews because Jews had denounced their relatives to the Soviets, and who was a bandit who would kill if paid money. And it was those people whom they chose to carry out the pogroms, turning them into ordinary criminal gangs."<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=Agent Gestapo inspirował pogromy w 1941 r. w okolicach Łomży|last=Białous|first=Adam|date= 11–12 July 2009|work=Nasz Dziennik|access-date=}}</ref>-->


==Apology and new monument==⏎
===President's apology===
[[File:Aleksander Kwasniewski - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos 2004.jpg|thumb|upright|Polish president [[Aleksander Kwaśniewski]] apologized for the massacre in 2001.<ref name=Connolly11July2001/>]]
(contracted; show full)ocal council's refusal to fund a new road to the site.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/jedwabne-mayor-resigns-over-memorial-to-jews/article4150944/ | title=Jedwabne mayor resigns over memorial to Jews |agency=Associated Press |date=7 August 2001}}</ref> He received the [[Jan Karski]] Award in 2002, along with Rabbi Jacob Baker, author of ''Yedwabne: History and Memorial Book'' (1980).{{sfn|Nowak-Jezioranski|2003|p=89, n.&nbsp;2}}

==
MOther media==
[[File:Pogrom w Jedwabnem Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich.JPG|thumb|upright=1.3|[[POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews]], Warsaw, 2014]]
===''Wokół Jedwabnego'' (2002)===
(contracted; show full)[[Category:1941 in Judaism]]
[[Category:1941 in Poland]]
[[Category:Controversies in Poland]]
[[Category:Holocaust massacres and pogroms in Poland]]
[[Category:July 1941 events]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 1941]]
[[Category:Poland in World War II]]
[[Category:World War II crimes in Poland]]-->