Revision 1308260 of "Timeline of trends in music to 1899" on enwiki

See also: [[list of musical events]], [[Timeline of trends in music (1900-1950)]], [[Timeline of trends in music (1951-1979)]], [[Timeline of trends in music (1980-present)]]

*c. [[4000 BC]]
**[[Harp]]s and [[vertical flute]]s are played in [[Egypt]]
*c. [[3500 BC]]
**[[Double clarinet]]s and [[lyre]]s are played in [[Egypt]]
*c. [[3000 BC]]
**The [[bamboo pipe]] is invented in [[China]]
*c. [[2500 BC]]
**The five tone system dominates the [[music of China|Chinese music]]
*c. [[2000 BC]]
**The [[trumpet]] is played in [[Denmark]]
**[[Percussion]] instruments are added to Egyptian [[orchestra]]s
*c. [[1500 BC]]
**[[Hittite]]s use [[guitar]]s, lyres, trumpets, [[tambourine]]s
**Harps are used to accompany dances in [[Egypt]]
*c. [[1000 BC]]
**Music accompanies religious ceremonies in [[Israel]]
*c. [[800 BC]]
**Five and seven tone scales are used in [[Babylon]]
**A [[cuneiform]] [[hymn]] from [[Sumeria]] is the earliest known written music
**[[Rhapsode]]s, traveling musicians, appear in [[Greece]]
*c. [[700 BC]]
**[[Arion]], a Greek composer, invents the [[strophe]] and [[antistrophe]]
*c. [[685 BC]]
**[[Tyrtaeus]] invents the [[trombone]]
*c. [[675 BC]]
**[[Terpander]] invents a new seven-stringed lyre and the [[Mixolydian scale]]
*c. [[600 BC]]
**Modes appear in music
**The [[vina]] is invented in [[India]]
*c. [[586 BC]]
**Music becomes a part of the [[Pythian Games]]
*c. [[550 BC]]
**The [[diatonic scale]] is invented in Greece
**[[Lasos of Hermione]] discovers that [[vibration]]s are the source of all sound
*c. [[500 BC]]
**[[Pindar]] begins writing [[ode]]s
**[[Greek choral music]] reaches its peak
**[[aulos]], [[citharas]], [[lyres]] are played in [[Greece]]
**[[Pythagoras of Samos]] makes great strides in [[musical theory]]
*[[400 BC]]
**Trumpet competitions are popular in [[Greece]]
*[[340 BC]]
**[[Aristotle]] lays the foundation for modern [[musical theory]]
*[[320 BC]]
**[[Aristophanes]] defines rhythm as tripartite
*c. [[250 BC]]
**[[Ktesibios]] invents the [[hydraulis]]
*[[146 BC]]
**The Romans conquer Greece and begin exporting its musical knowledge elsewhere in Europe
*[[140 BC]]
**Emperor [[Han Wudi]] takes over China and establishes an Imperial Office of Music
*c. [[50 BC]]
**The [[oboe]] appears in [[Rome]]
*[[38 BC]]
**The Chinese octave is divided into 60 notes
*c. [[350]]
**[[Antiphonal psalmody]] appears in Christian churches
*[[386]]
**[[Ambrose of Milan]] introduces [[hymn]]-singing in the Christian church
*c. [[450]]
**Alternating singing between precentors and parishioners is introduced in Christian churches
*c. [[500]]
**[[Flute]]s, [[tuba]]s and [[drums]] are used in [[Peru]]
*[[521]]
**[[Boethius]] introduces [[Greek notation]] to the West
*[[600]]
**Pope [[Gregory the Great]] codifies [[Roman Catholicism|Roman Catholic]] [[chant]]ing; it comes to be called [[Gregorian chant]]ing in his honor
*c. [[600]]
**The first flowering of [[Arab]] music occurs in what is now [[Syria]] during the rule of the [[Umayyad]] dynasty
*[[609]]
**The Celtic [[crwth]] appears
*[[619]]
**The Chinese begin using large orchestras
*[[650]]
**[[Neume]]s, a system of notation, are introduced in Europe
*c. [[700]]
**In [[Romania]], letters are used to signify [[tempo]] and [[intensity]]
*[[710]]
**Beginning of the [[Nara]] period in [[Japan]], and the introduction of [[komagaku]] and [[togaku]] music
*c. [[750]]
**Gregorian chanting is popular throughout [[Europe]]
**[[Byzantium|Byzantine]] [[wind organ]]s begin to replace [[water organ]]s
*[[850]]
**[[Hucbald]] writes rules for composing the [[organum]]
*c. [[850]]
**Vocals in church music begins moving in parallel; this is the beginning of [[polyphony]] (see [[organum]])
*[[980]]
**''[[Antiphonarium Codex Montpellier]]'' is written
*c. [[1000]]
**[[Gryffull ab Aynam]] separates the positions of [[bard]] and [[minstrel]] in [[Wales]]
*c. [[1015]]
**[[Sight singing]] is introduced at [[Pomposa Monastery]] near [[Ravenna]]
*[[1026]]
**[[Guide of Arezza]] develops [[solmization]]
*[[1050]]
**"sys willekommen heirre kerst" is the oldest surviving [[Germany|German]] [[Christmas carol]]
*c. 1050
**The harp is introduced to [[Europe]]
*c. [[1030]]
**Guido of Arezzo develops a method to learn music by ear, [[solfège]]
*c. [[1095]]
**''[[Le Chanson de Roland]]'' composed
*c. [[1100]]
**[[Bagpipe]]s appear in [[England]]
**The [[rondeau]] appears
*c. [[1125]]
**[[Trouvere]]s and [[troubadour]]s appear in [[France]]
*c. [[1150]]
**French troubadours become more organized
*[[1151]]
**[[Leoninus]], a [[France|French]] composer, develops the [[ars antigua]] style
*c. [[1180]]
**[[Minnesinger]]s appear in [[Germany]]
*c. [[1182]]
**[[Lauda]] appear in [[Italy]]
*c. [[1200]]
**The [[faux bourdon]] style begins in [[England]]
**[[Cymbal]]s are invented
**In England, France and Germany, wandering musicians form collectives to help each other
**[[Trumpet]]s are used as signals in battle in Europe
*[[1225]]
**"Summer is icumen in" is the first [[English language|English]] [[round]]
*c. [[1250]]
**[[Perotinus]] moves the ars antigua school of music to its peak
*[[1262]]
**[[Adam de la Halle]] writes the first [[operetta]], "LeJeu de la Feuillee"
*c. [[1265]]
**[[Franco of Cologne]] and [[Pierre de la Croix]] develop the [[motet]]
*c. [[1300]]
**[[Jongleur]]s appear in [[France]]
*[[1309]]
**[[Marchettus of Padua]] tries to introduce the [[counterpoint]]
*[[1322]]
**The Pope expressly forbids the counterpoint
*c. [[1325]]
**[[Organ pedal]]s are invented
**"Tournai Mass", the first polyphonic Mass, is written
*c. [[1330]]
**The [[ars nova]] style is invented
*[[1332]]
**The first [[mastersinger]]s appear in [[France]]
*c. [[1350]]
**Mastersingers appear in [[Germany]]
*[[1360]]
**Original forms of the [[clavichord]] and [[cembalo]] appear
*[[1377]]
**Musicians at the papal chapel in [[Avignon]] move to [[Rome]], making it the capital of music in Europe
*[[1385]]
**The marriage of [[Charles the VI]] and [[Isabella of Bavaria]] is the first French [[court ball]]
*c. [[1400]]
**The [[dulcimer]] is invented
**Secular songs with French lyrics, [[chanson]]s, are popular
*c. [[1420]]
**The [[Burgundian School]] begins
*c. [[1426]]
**[[Holland]] becomes the musical capital of [[Europe]]
*[[1430]]
**The [[Renaissance]] begins, leading to the increasing popularity of secular music as well as the diversification of musical styles across Europe
*[[1465]]
**First printed music appears in [[Europe]]
*c. [[1490]]
**[[Ballet]] appears
*c. [[1500]]
**[[Broadside ballad]]s begin their period of popularity in [[England]]
**[[Italian madrigal]]s appear
*[[1508]]
**The Spanish begin their domination of [[Puerto Rico]]
*[[1553]]
**Ancestral forms of the [[violin]] are invented
*[[1562]]
**[[Pius IV]]'s [[Counter-Reformation]] eliminates all instrumentation except the [[organ]], as well as all secular elements, [[harmony]] and folk [[melody|melodies]]
*[[1565]]
**Women are banned from singing in Christian churches; the desire for adult female voices leads to the practice of [[castration]]
*[[1574]]
**Castration is common in [[Europe]]
*[[1578]]
**[[Jean De Léry]] publishes the first account of [[music of Brazil|Brazilian music]], ''[[Viagem à Terra do Brasil]]''
*[[1587]]
**[[Gabriel Soares de Sousa]] publishes the forst account of native Brazilian musical forms, ''[[Tratado Descritivo do Brasil]]''
*[[1588]]
**[[Thomas Morley]]'s [[English Madrigal School]] is firmly established
*[[1590]]
**[[Count Giovanni de Bardi]] gathers a group of artists, leading to the invention of [[opera]]
*c. 1590
**[[Son music|Son]] is known in [[Cuba]]
*[[1594]]
**[[Jacopo Peri]]'s ''[[Dafne]]'' is the first [[Italian opera]]
*c. [[1600]]
**The European Renaissance ends and the [[Baroque]] period begins; this is marked by increasing rigidity and codification in music
**The harp is added to European orchestras
**Slaves brought to [[Morocco]] from [[Mali]] lead to the development of [[gnawa]]
*[[1601]]
**[[Caccini]] invents a vocal style called [[nuove musiche]]
*[[1606]]
**The first open-air operas appear in [[Rome]]
*[[1607]]
**[[Claudio Monteverdi]] writes ''[[Orfeo, Favola in Musica]]'', an influential early Baroque opera
*[[1631]]
**The first professional female singers in Europe for several centuries appear in England for a production of ''[[Chloridia]]''
*[[1639]]
**[[Virgilio Mazzocchi]] and [[Marco Marazzoli]] write the first [[comic opera]], ''[[Chi Soffre Speri]]''
*[[1648]]
**The [[aria]] and the [[recitative]] became separate parts of opera
*c. [[1650]]
**Beginning of modern harmony
**The [[overture]] emerges
*[[1652]]
**The [[minuet]] becomes popular in [[France|French]] courts
*c. [[1660]]
**The [[seis]] arises in southern [[Spain]]
*[[1664]]
**The [[French horn]] is added to European orchestras
*[[1675]]
**[[Matthew Locke]]'s ''[[Psyche (opera)|Psyche]]'' is the oldest surviving [[English opera]]
*[[1680]]
**[[Johann Sebastian Bach]] and [[George Frederick Handel]] are born; they will be the two most influential Baroque composers
**First ballets arrive in [[Germany]]
*c. [[1690]]
**[[Andalusia]]n [[ballad]]s arrive in [[Puerto Rico]], vastly influencing future forms of music including the [[decima]]
*[[1692]]
**[[Christopher Columbus]] arrives in the [[Americas]], leading to European, African and American musical forms mixing, especially in the Caribbean
*[[1696]]
**The [[sonata]] is introduced
*[[1705]]
**[[French horn]]s appear in an opera for the first time -- ''[[Octavia]]'' by [[Reinhard Keiser]]
**[[1709]]
**The [[pianoforte]] is invented
*[[1711]]
**The [[clarinet]] is added to European orchestras
*[[1719]]
**[[Dimitrie Cantemir]] writes the first book on [[Music of Turkey|Turkish music]]
*[[1725]]
**[[Vivaldi]] writes ''[[The Four Seasons]]''
*[[1742]]
**Handel's ''[[Messiah]]'' premieres in [[Dublin]]
*[[1750]]
**Bach dies; this is often considered the end of the Baroque period and the beginning of the relatively simple [[Classical]] period
*[[1751]]
**The [[minuet]] becomes the most popular dance in [[Europe]]
*[[1762]]
**[[Christoph Willibald von Glück]] writes ''[[Orfeo ed Euridice]]'' with the express purpose ofreturning opera to its roots
*[[1772]]
**The [[barrel organ]] is invented
*[[1773]]
**[[Waltz]] is popular in [[Vienna]]
*[[1774]]
**Earliest [[flamenco]] appears in [[Spain]]
*[[1780]]
**[[Sebastiano Carezo]] invents the [[bolero]] in [[Spain]]
*[[1786]]
**[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]'s ''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]'' premiers
*[[1787]]
**Mozart's ''[[Don Giovanni]]'' premiers
*c. [[1790]]
**[[Bumba-meu-boi]], a form of comedic dance, is popular in Brazil
*[[1791]]
**The [[waltz]] is popular in [[England]]
**The [[Haitian Revolution]] sends refugees to [[Cuba]], bringing with them native musical forms (see: [[charanga]])
*[[1794]]
**"Tammany, or The Indian Chief" by [[James Hewitt]] is one of the first American operas
*[[1803]]
**[[Ludwig van Beethoven]]'s ''[[Eröica]]'' marks the beginning of the [[Romantic]] period
*[[1807]]
**Beethoven's''[[Symphony No. 5]]'' is written; this is perhaps the most popular classical symphony ever
*[[1814]]
**The [[metronome]] is invented
*[[1821]]
**''[[Der Freischutz]]'' by [[Carl Maria von Weber]] debuts, marking the beginning of his primacy in [[German opera]]
*c. [[1830]]
**"[[Jump Jim Crow]]" by [[Thomas Rice]] becomes popular in the [[United States]]
**The growth of [[Carnival]] in [[Trinidad]] begins, leading to the development of [[calypso music]]
*c. [[1835]]
**[[Lundu]] is developed in [[Brazil]]
**[[Tamburitza]] is developed into increasingly complex forms in [[Croatia]]
*[[1840]]
**[[Harmonium]] invented
*c. [[1840]]
**The [[danza]] is invented in [[Puerto Rico]]
*[[1841]]
**[[Adolphe Sax]] invents the [[saxophone]]
*c. [[1850]]
**[[UPA]] moves from [[Cuba]] and [[Puerto Rico]] to other Caribbean islands, most importantly [[Hispaniola]]
*[[1852]]
**[[Fredrik Pacius]] publishes the first [[Finnish opera]]
**The earliest known appearance of [[mariachi]] music in [[Mexico]]
*[[1853]]
**[[Richard Wagner]]'s ''[[The Ring Cycle]]'' debuts
*[[1854]]
**[[Franz Liszt]] invents the [[symphonic poem]]
*[[1868]]
**The [[Meiji Restoration]] revolutionizes and democratizes [[music of Japan|Japanese music]]
*[[1869]]
**The golden age of [[flamenco]] is usually said to begin
*c. [[1870]]
**[[Choro]] is invented in [[Rio de Janeiro]]
**[[Tin Pan Alley]] begins to dominate popular music in the US
*[[1874]]
**[[Society for Culture and Education]] is founded in Finland
*[[1875]]
**Earliest origins of [[plena]] in  [[Puerto Rico]]
*[[1877]]
**[[Thomas Edison]] invents the first machine to record sound
*[[1880]]
**[[John Paine]]'s ''[[In Spring]]'' is the first symphony published in the US
**[[Gilbert and Sullivan]]'s ''[[The Mikado]]'' premiers
*[[1886]]
**[[Celesta]] invented
*c. [[1890]]
**[[Jean Sibelius]]' ''[[Kullervo]]'' inspires a rise in Finnish [[nationalism]], greatly influencing music in his native land
*[[1896]]
**[[Ragtime]] and [[cakewalk]] are popularized in the [[United States]]