The '''Duchy of Lorraine''' was an independent state for most of the period of time between [[843]] to [[1739]]. The Duchy, as well as the modern region of [[Lorraine]], was the focus of centuries of dispute between [[France]] and [[Germany]].
In the early period, Lorraine was known as '''Kingdom of Lotharingia''', ruled by members of the [[Carolingian]] French dynasty. At some time, during the [[10th century]], Lorraine was divided in Upper and Lower region. The [[Dukes of Lower Lorraine]] abandoned this style in favour of [[Duke of Brabant]]. The Upper Lorraine part was known simply as Lorraine and its rulers are listed below.
The [[House of Guise]], who played an important role in the Wars of Religion of the [[16th century]] is a junior branch of the House of Lorraine.
In the 17th century, the French kings began to covet Lorraine, which lay between France proper and its possessions in [[Alsace]]. Lorraine, after siding with the Emperor in the [[Thirty Years War]], was largely occupied by the French in [[1641]]. In [[1670]], the French invaded again, forcing Duke [[Charles III of Lorraine|Charles III]] to flee to a Viennese exile. The French continued to occupy Lorraine for almost thirty years, only giving it up to Charles's heir by the [[Treaty of Ryswick]] which ended the [[Nine Years War]] in [[1697]]. The Duchy was again occupied during the [[War of the Spanish Succession]], although Duke [[Leopold Joseph, Duke of Lorraine|Leopold Joseph]] continued to reign. Leopold's son and successor, [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis Stephen]], was forced to give up the Duchy in [[1737]], after the [[War of the Polish Succession]], in exchange for the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]. Francis Stephen was betrother to [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Archduchess Maria Theresa]], daughter and heir to [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]], and the French would only approve the marriage if Francis gave up his rights to Lorraine. Francis and Maria Theresa's marriage resulted in the [[House of Habsburg-Lorraine]]. Replacing Francis Stephen in [[Lunéville]] was the last Duke of Lorraine, [[Stanislaus I of Poland|Stanislaus Leszczynski]], former [[king of Poland]], Louis's son-in-law, with the understanding that it would revert to the French crown upon his death. With Stanislas's death in [[1766]], the long independent history of the Duchy of Lorraine came to an end, and the Duchy was annexed to France.
==Kings of Lotharingia==
*[[Lothar I, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothar I]] (r. [[843]]-[[855]]), ''also [[Holy Roman Emperor]] and King of Italy and Bavaria''
*[[Lothair II of Lotharingia|Lothar II]] (r. 855 – [[869]])
==Dukes of Lorraine==
===First rulers===
*[[Reginald I, Duke of Lotharingia|Reginald I]] (r. [[900]]-[[911]]) ''styled Duke of Lotharingia''
*[[Giselbert, Duke of Lotharingia|Giselbert]] (r. 924 – [[939]]) ''styled Duke of Lotharingia''
*Henry I (r. 939 – [[944]])
*[[Conrad the Red|Conrad]], ''the Red'' (r. 944 – [[953]])
*[[Bruno I, Archbishop of Cologne|Bruno]] (r. 953 – [[959]]), ''also Archbishop of Köln''
*Friedrich I (r. 959 – [[978]])
*Thierry I (r. 978 – [[1027]])
*Friedrich II (r. 1027 – [[1033]])
*Gothelo, ''the Great'' (r. 1033 – [[1044]])
*Godfrey, ''the Bearded'' (r. 1044 – [[1046]])
===House of Ardennes (Metz)===
*[[Adalbert, Duke of Lorraine|Adalbert]] (r. 1047 – [[1048]])
*[[Gerhard, Duke of Lorraine|Gerhard of Metz]] (r. 1048 – [[1070]])
*[[Thierry II, Duke of Lorraine|Thierry II]] (r. 1070 – [[1115]])
*[[Simon I, Duke of Lorraine|Simon I]] (r. 1115 – [[1138]])
*[[Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine|Matthias I]] (r. 1138 – [[1176]])
*[[Simon II, Duke of Lorraine|Simon II]] (r. 1176 – [[1205]])
*[[Frederick I, Duke of Lorraine|Frederick I]] (r. 1205 – [[1206]])
*[[Frederick II, Duke of Lorraine|Frederick II]] (r. 1206 – [[1213]])
*[[Theobald I, Duke of Lorraine|Theobald I]] (r. 1213 – [[1220]])
*[[Matthias II, Duke of Lorraine|Matthias II]] (r. 1220 – [[1251]])
*[[Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine|Frederick III]] (r. 1251 – [[1302]])
*[[Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine|Theobald II]] (r. 1302 – [[1312]])
*[[Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine|Frederick IV]] (r. 1302 – [[1329]])
*[[Rudolph, Duke of Lorraine|Rudolph]] (r. 1329 – [[1346]])
*[[John I, Duke of Lorraine|John I]] (r. 1346 – [[1390]])
*[[Charles I, Duke of Lorraine|Charles I]] (r. 1390 – [[1431]])
*[[Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine|Isabella]] (r. 1431 – [[1453]])
**''with her husband [[René, Duke of Anjou]] and [[King of Naples]]''
===House of Anjou===
*[[John II, Duke of Lorraine|John II of Anjou]] (r. 1453 – [[1470]]), ''also King of Naples''
*[[Nicholas I, Duke of Lorraine|Nicholas I of Anjou]] (r. 1470 – [[1473]])
===House of Vaudemont===
''Junior branch of the previous rulers of Ardennes-Metz''
*[[René II, Duke of Lorraine|René II]] (r. 1473 – [[1508]]), ''also [[Duke of Bar]]''
*[[Antoine, Duke of Lorraine|Antoine]], ''the Good'' (r. 1508 – [[1544]])
*[[Francis I, Duke of Lorraine|Francis I]] (r. 1544 – [[1545]])
*[[Charles II, Duke of Lorraine|Charles II]] (r. 1545 – [[1608]])
*[[Henry I, Duke of Lorraine|Henry I]], ''the Good'' (r. 1608 – [[1624]])
*[[Francis II, Duke of Lorraine|Francis II]] (r. 1624)
*[[Charles III, Duke of Lorraine|Charles III]] (r. 1624 – [[1634]])
*[[Nicholas II, Duke of Lorraine|Nicholas II]] (r. 1634 – [[1661]])
*[[Charles III, Duke of Lorraine|Charles III]] (r. 1661 - [[1669]])
**''From 1669 to 1697, Lorraine is under French control''. Titular Dukes:
***[[Charles III, Duke of Lorraine|Charles III]] 1669-1675
***[[Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine|Charles IV]] 1675-1690
***[[Leopold, Duke of Lorraine|Leopold Joseph]] 1690-1697
*[[Leopold, Duke of Lorraine|Leopold Joseph]] (r. [[1697]] – [[1729]])
*[[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis III Stephen]] (r. 1729 – [[1737]]) ''in 1745 he became [[Holy Roman Emperor]]''
===House of Leszczyński===
*[[Stanislaus I of Poland|Stanislaus Leszczyński]] (r. 1737 – [[1766]]) former king of Poland
**''after him, the Duchy is inherited by his son in law, king [[Louis XV of France]] and incorporated in his dominions''
==See also==
* [[Lorraine]] – [[Dukes of Lorraine family tree]]
* [[House of Guise|Duchy of Guise]]
==External links==
* [http://genealogy.euweb.cz/index.html Genealogy of the Dukes of Lorraine]
[[Category:Dukes of Lorraine|*]]
[[de:Liste der Herzöge von Lothringen]]
[[fr:Duché de Lorraine]]
[[pt:Ducado da Lorena]]
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