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'''Melarsoprol''' (<nowiki>2-[4-{(4,6-Diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino}phenyl]-1,3,2-dithiarsolan-e-4-methanol</nowiki>) is a medicinal drug used in the treatment of African [[trypanosomiasis]], also known as [[sleeping sickness]]. It is also sold under the trade names "Mel B" and "Melarsen Oxide-BAL".  Melarsoprol is a highly dangerous treatment, only administered by injection under the supervision of a physician. It causes a range of side effects, among them being convulsions, fever, loss of consciousness, rashes, bloody stools, nausea, and vomiting. It is, in and of itself, fatal in roughly 12% of cases. [[Eflornithine]] is a more modern and far less dangerous treatment for sleeping sickness, but is expensive, and not widely available on the market.