'''"The March of the Volunteers"''' ([[Simplified Chinese]]: 义勇军进行曲, [[pinyin]]: Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ) is the [[national anthem]] of the [[People's Republic of China]], written in the midst of the [[Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)]] by the noted poet and playwright [[Tian Han]] (田汉) with music composed by [[Nie Er]] (聂耳). This composition is a [[March_(music) |musical march]].
== Origins as National Anthem ==
''March of the Volunteers'' was written by Tian Han in 1934 for a play he was writing at the time. Popular stories suggest, however, that he wrote it on a tobacco paper after being arrested in [[Shanghai]] and thrown into a [[Kuomintang]] jail in 1935. The song, with a minor alteration, became the theme song of the patriotic film ''[[Sons and Daughters in a Time of Storm]]'' (风云儿女, 1935), a story about an intellectual who leaves to fight in the [[First Sino-Japanese War]]. It was one of many songs that were promoted secretly among the population as part of the anti-Japanese resistance. The song was released as an album by the [[Pathe]] label of [[EMI]] in 1935.
It was used as the national anthem for the first time in an international conference in February 1949 held in [[Prague]], [[Czechoslovakia]]. At the time Beiping (now [[Beijing]]) had recently come into the control of the Chinese Communists. There was controversy over the line "The Chinese nation faces its greatest peril". Historian [[Guo Moruo]] changed the line to "The Chinese people have come to their moment of emancipation" (中国民族到了大翻身的时候).
In June a committee was set up by the [[Chinese Communist Party]] to decide on an official national anthem. By the end of August the committee had received 6926 submissions. ''March of the Volunteers'' was suggested by painter [[Xu Beihong]] (徐悲鸿) and almost unaminously supported by the members of the committee. There was contention, however, over the issue of the third line. On this [[Zhou Enlai]] made the conclusive judgement: "We still have imperialist enemies in front of us. The more we progress in development, the more the imperialists will hate us, seek to undermine us, attack us. Can you say that we won't be in peril?" His view was supported by [[Mao Zedong]] and on 27 September 1949, the song became the provisional national anthem, just days before the founding of the People's Republic of China.
== Cultural Revolution and later history ==
During the [[Cultural Revolution]], Tian Han was imprisoned, and the March of the Volunteers was therefore forbidden to be ''sung''; as a result there was a period of time when [[The East is Red]] was used as the unofficial national anthem.
The March of the Volunteers was restored by the [[National People's Congress]] in 1978, but with different lyrics; however, these new lyrics were never very popular and even caused confusion [http://www.gongfa.com/liudashengguojiabiaozhigaige.htm]. On December 4, 1982, the National People's Congress resolved to restore the original 1935 version by Tian Han as the official national anthem. Significantly the current lyrics do not mention either the [[Communist Party of China]] nor [[Mao Zedong]] and the reversion of the lyrics was symbolic of the downfall of [[Hua Guofeng]] and the [[cult of personality]] of Mao and the asendancy of [[Deng Xiaoping]].
The [[National People's Congress]] made the song the official PRC anthem in a [[2004]] amendment of the [[Constitution of the People's Republic of China]]. The anthem is mentioned immediately after the national flag.
Although popular even among [[Kuomintang|Nationalists]] during the [[Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)]], the song was banned in [[Taiwan]] until the [[1990s]].
The anthem is written completely in [[Vernacular Chinese]], while the "[[National Anthem of the Republic of China]]" is written in [[Classical Chinese]].
'''''Click to listen:'''''
*[[Media:March of the Volunteers.au|Lyrics]]
*[[Media:PRC National Anthem music.au|Music]]
==Lyrics (Current and Original) ==
:起来！不愿做奴隶的人们！
:把我们的血肉，筑成我们新的长城！
:中华民族到了最危险的时候，
:每个人被迫着发出最后的吼声。
:起来！起来！起来！
:我们万众一心，
:冒着敌人的炮火，前进！
:冒着敌人的炮火，前进！
:前进！前进！进！
==Hanyu [[Pinyin]]==
:Qĭlái! Búyuàn zuò núlì de rénmen!
:Bă wŏmen de xuèròu zhùchéng wŏmen xīn de chángchéng!
:[[Zhonghua minzu|Zhōnghuá Mínzú]] dào le zùi wēixiăn de shíhòu,
:Měigerén bèipò zhe fāchū zùihòu de hŏushēng.
:Qĭlái! Qĭlái! Qĭlái!
:Wŏmen wànzhòng yīxīn,
:Mào zhe dírén de pàohuŏ, Qiánjìn!
:Mào zhe dírén de pàohuŏ, Qiánjìn!
:Qiánjìn! Qiánjìn! Jìn!
==Translation==
:Arise, ye who refuse to be slaves!
:With our flesh and blood, let us build our new [[Great Wall of China|Great Wall]]!
:The Chinese nationality has come to its time of greatest danger,
:Each person must send out a final roar.
:Arise! Arise! Arise!
:Our great masses are of one heart,
:Braving the enemy's gunfire, march on!
:Braving the enemy's gunfire, march on!
:March on! March on! On!
== Lyrics (1978-1982) ==
{| cellpadding="10"
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前进！各民族英雄的人民！<br>
伟大的共产党领导我们继续长征。<br>
万众一心奔向共产主义明天，<br>
建设祖国保卫祖国英勇的斗争。<br>
前进！前进！前进！<br>
我们千秋万代<br>
高举毛泽东旗帜，前进！<br>
高举毛泽东旗帜，前进！<br>
前进！ 前进！ 进！
||
Qiánjìn! Gè mínzǔ yīngxióngde rénmín,<br>
Wěidàde gōngchǎndǎng lǐngdǎo wǒmen jìxù chángzhēng.<br>
Wànzhòng yīxīn bēn xiàng gōngchǎnzhǔyì míngtiān,<br>
Jiànshè zǔgúo bǎowèi zǔgúo yīngyǒngde dòuzhēng.<br>
Qiánjìn! Qiánjìn! Qiánjìn!<br>
Wǒmen qiānqīu-wàndài<br>
Gāojǔ Máo Zédōng qízhì, qiánjìn!<br>
Gāojǔ Máo Zédōng qízhì, qiánjìn!<br>
Qiánjìn! Qiánjìn! Jìn!<br>
||
March on! People of all heroic [[Chinese nationalities|nationalities]]! <br>
Let us continue the [[Long March]] under the great Party's guidance,<br>
Millions with but one heart toward a [[Communism|communist]] tomorrow,<br>
Develop and protect the country, fight bravely.<br>
March on, march on, march on!<br>
We will for generations,<br>
Raise high [[Mao Zedong]]'s banner, march on!<br>
Raise high Mao Zedong's banner, march on!<br>
March on! March on! On!
|}
==External links==
*[http://www.chinaodysseytours.com/guide/national_anthem.htm Download audio files in different formats]
*[http://www.seaborne-intl.com/sounds/midi/CHINA.MP3 China's National Anthem]
*[http://www.zlxx.net/tian/media/sound/china.mp3 The March of the Volunteers], chorus.
See also: [[Historical Chinese anthems]]
__NOTOC__ <!--removed until it can be moved higher up-->
[[Category:National anthems]]
[[Category:People's Republic of China]]
[[cs:Hymna Čínské lidové republiky]]
[[de:Marsch der Freiwilligen]]
[[es:La Marcha de los Voluntarios]]
[[fr:La Marche des Volontaires]]
[[id:Barisan Para Sukarelawan]]
[[ms:Barisan Para Sukarelawan]]
[[ja:中華人民共和国の国歌]]
[[pl:Hymn Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej]]
[[sr:Марш добровољаца]]
[[zh:义勇军进行曲]]
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