Revision 14508691 of "July 20/Events1" on enwiki

This page is to list events of [[July 20]] before [[1950]].

==To 1300==
*[[514]] - [[Roman Catholic Church]]: [[Pope Hormisdas]] assumes the papacy.
==1300-1899==
*[[1304]] - [[Great Britain]]: [[Edward I of England]] takes the last rebel stronghold in the [[Wars of Scottish Independence]], [[Fall of Stirling Castle|Stirling Castle]]. 
*[[1712]] - [[United Kingdom]]:  The [[Riot Act]] takes effect.
*[[1738]] - [[North America]]:  French explorer [[Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de la Vérendrye]] reaches the western shore of [[Lake Michigan]].
*[[1810]] - [[South America]]:  [[Colombia]] declares independence from [[Spain]].  
*[[1833]] - [[United States]]:  An [[Anti-Mormonism|Anti-Mormon]] mob in [[Independence, Missouri]], destroys the [[printing press]] for the ''[[Book of Commandments]]'', now among the most valuable 19th century books.
*[[1861]] - [[American Civil War]]: The [[Confederate Congress|Congress]] of the [[Confederate States of America]] begins sitting in [[Richmond, Virginia]].
*[[1864]] - [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Peachtree Creek]] - Near [[Atlanta, Georgia]], [[Confederate States of America | Confederate]] forces led by [[General]] [[John Bell Hood]] unsuccessfully attack [[United States|Union]] troops under [[General]] [[William T. Sherman]]. 
*[[1866]] - [[Europe]]: [[Battle of Lissa (1866)|Battle of Lissa]] - The [[Austria|Austrian]] navy, led by [[Admiral]] [[Wilhelm von Tegetthoff]], defeats the [[Italy|Italian]] navy near the island of [[Vis (island)|Vis]].
*[[1871]] - [[North America]]:  [[British Columbia]] joins the confederation of [[Canada]]. 
*[[1872]] - [[Technology]]:  The [[United States Patent Office]] awards the first [[patent]] for [[wireless telegraphy]] to [[Mahlon Loomis]].
*[[1877]] - [[United States]]:  [[Riot|rioting]] in [[Baltimore, Maryland]] by [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] workers is put down by the state [[militia]], resulting in nine deaths.
*[[1881]] - [[Indian Wars]]: [[Sioux]] [[Chief]] [[Sitting Bull]] leads the last of his fugitive people in surrender to [[United States]] troops at [[Fort Buford]] in [[Montana]].

==1900-1920==
*[[1907]] - [[United States]]:  A [[train wreck]] on the [[Pere Marquette Railroad]] near [[Salem, Michigan]] kills thirty and injures seventy more.
*[[1910]] - [[United States]]:  The [[Christian Endeavor Society]] of [[Missouri]] announces a campaign to ban [[motion pictures|films]] showing kissing between unrelated persons.
*[[1914]] - [[United Kingdom]]:  [[King]] [[George V]] of [[England]] reviews the fleet at [[Spithead]].
*[[1914]] - [[Russia]]:  [[Czar]] [[Nicholas II]] welcomes France's [[President]] [[Raymond Poincaré]].
*[[1915]] - [[World War I]]:  [[France|French]] forces advance up the Fecht valley toward [[Münster]].
*[[1915]] - [[World War I]]:  [[Russia]]n forces defend the [[railroad]] linking [[Lublin]] and [[Kholm]] while evacuating the areas west of [[Groitsi]].
*[[1915]] - [[World War I]]:  [[Italy|Italian]] troops launch an attack near [[Gorizia]].
*[[1915]] - [[United Kingdom]]:  A [[strike]] by [[coal]] miners in [[Wales]] is settled.
*[[1916]] - [[World War I]]:  A [[France|French]] plane drops leaflets on [[Berlin]].
*[[1916]] - [[World War I]]:  On the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]], [[United Kingdom|British]] troops advance one thousand yards on the front between [[Bazetin]] and [[Longueval]].
*[[1916]] - [[World War I]]:  On the [[Eastern Front (World War I)|Eastern Front]], there is heavy fighting near [[Riga]] between [[Germany|German]] and [[Russia|Russian]] forces.
*[[1916]] - [[World War I]]:  In [[Armenia]], Russian troops capture [[Gumiskhanek]].
*[[1916]] - [[World War I]]:  The [[Ottoman Empire]] bombs [[Suez]].
*[[1916]] - [[World War I]]:  In [[London]], [[Parliament]] debates the campaign in [[Mesopotamia]].
*[[1917]] - [[Yugoslavia]]:  The [[Corfu Declaration]], which created the post-[[World War I|war]] [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]], was signed by the Yugoslav Committee and Kingdom of Serbia.
*[[1917]] - [[Russia]]:  [[Alexander Kerensky]] becomes [[Prime Minister]] of the provisional government and survives an assassination attempt.
*[[1917]] - [[United States]]: The first [[military draft]] numbers are drawn.
*[[1917]] - [[Middle East]]:  In [[Baghdad]], a record temperature of 123°F is recorded.
*[[1918]] - [[World War I]]:  [[Germany|German]] troops cross the [[Marne]].
*[[1918]] - [[World War I]]:  An air raid in [[Kent]] causes no damage.
*[[1918]] - [[World War I]]:  The British destroyer ''Marne'' sinks the [[U-boat]] which sank the ''Justicia''.
*[[1918]] - [[United Kingdom]]:  [[Munition|Munitions]] workers in [[Birmingham]] threaten to [[strike]].

==1920-1929==
*[[1920]] - [[United States]]:  [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] presidential candidate [[James M. Cox]] denounces the campaign fundraising of the [[United States Republican Party|Republicans]].
*[[1920]] - [[Europe]]:  The [[funeral]] of [[Empress Eugenie]] of [[France]] is held in [[St. Michael's Abbey]] near [[Farnborough, England]].
*[[1920]] - [[United States]]:  Boxer [[Jack Johnson (boxer)|Jack Johnson]] is arrested near [[San Diego, California]] as he crosses the border from [[Tijuana, Mexico]] after being on the run for five years after his conviction under the [[Mann Act]].
*[[1921]] - [[Illinois]]:  [[Governor of Illinois|Governor]] [[Len Small]] and [[Lieutenant Governor]] [[Fred E. Sterling]] are indicted by the [[Sangamon County, Illinois|Sangamon County]] [[grand jury]] for [[embezzlement]] and defrauding the state of $2,000,000.
*[[1921]] - [[Massachusetts]]:  The commonwealth's attorney general issues an opinion that, while the [[Nineteenth Amendment]] gave women the vote, they are barred from running for office under the [[Massachusetts]] [[constitution]].
*[[1921]] - [[United States]]:  A [[United States Senate]] committee chaired by [[Kenneth McKellar]] ([[United States Democratic Party|D]]-[[Tennessee]]) hears testimony of how mine operators hired [[private detectives]] to infiltrate and spy on the [[United Mine Workers]].
*[[1921]] - [[Mexico]]:  The Amatian oil fields 129 km south of [[Tampico, Mexico|Tampico]] burn, causing millions of dollars in damage.
*[[1921]] - [[United States]]:  [[Air mail]] service begins between [[New York, New York|New York City]] and [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]].
*[[1922]] - [[Africa]]:  The [[League of Nations]] awards mandates of [[Togoland]] to [[France]] and [[Tanganyika]] to the [[United Kingdom]].
*[[1923]] - [[United States]]:  In [[New York City]], the [[Ku Klux Klan]] sues [[William Randolph Hearst|William Randolph Hearst's]] ''International Magazine'' to stop it from publishing [[Ku Klux Klan]] information files that the Klan says were stolen.
*[[1923]] - [[New York State]]:  [[New York City]] [[Mayor]] [[Mike Hylan]], in a speech in [[Ogdensburg, New York|Ogdensburg]], says both the [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] and [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] Parties are "corrupt manipulators" and urges the public to abandon both of them.
*[[1923]] - [[Pacific Ocean]]:  [[Japan]] presents a report to the [[League of Nations]] on the [[Mandated Islands]] that presents its administration as liberal and progressive.
*[[1924]] - [[Iran|Persia]]:  [[Teheran]] is under [[martial law]] after the American vice [[consul]], [[Robert Imbrie]], is killed by a religious mob enraged by rumors he had poisoned a fountain and killed several people.
*[[1924]] - [[Olympics]]:  Americans [[Helen Wills]] and [[Vincent Richards]] win the Olympic tennis championships in [[1924 Summer Olympics|Paris]].
*[[1924]] - [[New York State]]:  On a sweltering day, [[Coney Island]] breaks its attendance record as over 600,000 try to escape the heat.
*[[1925]] - [[Tennessee]]:  In [[Cleveland, Tennessee|Cleveland]], [[Clarence Darrow]] questions [[William Jennings Bryan]] in the [[Scopes Monkey Trial]] during a session held out of doors about the literal truth of the [[Bible]].  Darrow also apologizes to the court after the judge cited him for contempt.
*[[1926]] - [[Methodism|Methodist Church]]:  A convention of the church votes to allow women to become priests.
*[[1926]] - [[Oklahoma]]:  In [[Muskogee, Oklahoma|Muskogee]], four men were shot and six others badly beaten by two police officers on a drunken rampage in three downtown hotels.
*[[1926]] - [[United Kingdom]]:  In a speech to the [[Christian Endeavor Movement]], [[David Lloyd George]] tells youth it must not repeat the mistakes of his generation and avoid war.  He warns them Europe had "[[delirium tremens]]" from arms and it is getting "drunk" on them once again.  
*[[1927]] - [[Romania]]:  [[Michael I of Romania|Michael I]] becomes [[King]] at age five upon the death of his father [[Ferdinand I of Romania|Ferdinand I]].
*[[1927]] - [[United States]]:  Following a devastating spring flood in the lower [[Mississippi Valley]], [[Secretary of Commerce]] [[Herbert Hoover]] charged by [[President]] [[Calvin Coolidge]] on investigating the region's needs, presents the president with a $200 million [[flood control]] plan.
*[[1927]] - [[Austria]]:  Fifty-seven victims of [[riot|rioting]] in [[Vienna]] are buried in a single grave.
*[[1928]] - [[United States]]:  A [[United States Coast Guard]] patrol boat is sunk after a [[Brazil|Brazilian]] freighter slices it in two off [[Lewes, Delaware]], killing two sailors.
*[[1928]] - [[Hungary]]:  The government issues a decree ordering [[Gypsy|Gypsies]] to end their nomadic ways, settle permanently in one place, and subject themselves to the same laws and taxes as other Hungarians.
*[[1929]] - [[Far East]]:  [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] troops attempt to cross the [[Amur River]] into [[Manchuria]] near [[Blagovestchensk, Russia|Blagovestchensk]] as tensions mount between the [[Soviet Union]] and [[China]].
*[[1929]] - [[New Hampshire]]:  The locomotive "Old Peppersass" derails on the [[cog railway]] in [[Mount Washington, New Hampshire|Mount Washington]] and explodes, killing one.
*[[1929]] - [[France]]:  [[Parliament]] narrowly approves [[President]] [[Poincarè]]'s plan to reschedule the country's foreign debts.
*[[1929]] - [[United States]]:  [[President]] [[Herbert Hoover]] protests the use of his name on the selling of [[apricots]] grown on a [[California]] farm he owns an interest in.
*[[1929]] - [[Ohio]]:  A plane crashes near [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]], killing three.

==1930-1939==
*[[1930]] - [[Soviet Union]]:  [[Maxim Litvinov]] is named the [[Soviet Union|Soviet Union's]] Commissar of Foreign Affairs.
*[[1930]] - [[New York State]]:  [[Alfred E. Smith]], president of the company building the [[Empire State Building]], announces the structure will have an observation deck 1,288 feet above Fifth Avenue.
*[[1930]] - [[New York State]]:  Five die in the 92°F heat [[New York City]] from the heat wave gripping the east coast.
*[[1931]] - [[United States]]:  Former [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Interior Secretary]] [[Albert Fall]] enters state prison in [[Santa Fe, New Mexico]] on his [[bribery]] conviction from the [[Teapot Dome scandal]].
*[[1931]] - [[Connecticut]]:  Two [[United States Army Air Corps]] planes collide over [[Newington, Connecticut|Newington]], killing two.
*[[1931]] - [[Spain]]:  Three are dead in rioting in [[Seville]] after police clash with marchers in a funeral parade for a [[syndicalism|syndicalist]] killed by the police days earlier.
*[[1932]] - [[Germany]]:  President [[Paul von Hindenburg]] signs a decree ordering [[Franz von Papen]] to take control of the [[Prussia|Prussian]] state government and declares [[martial law]].
*[[1932]] - [[South America]]:  Crowds in the capitals of [[Bolivia]] and [[Paraguay]] demand their governments declare war on the other after fighting on their border.
*[[1932]] - [[United States]]:  In [[Washington, D.C.]], police fire [[tear gas]] on [[World War I]] veterans part of the [[Bonus Expeditionary Force]] who attempt to march to the [[White House]].
*[[1932]] - [[United States]]:  The [[AFL]] votes to ask President [[Herbert Hoover]] to help it secure a five-day work week.
*[[1933]] - [[Europe]]:  [[Germany]]'s [[Franz von Papen]] and the [[Vatican]]'s Cardinal [[Pope Pius XII|Eugenio Pacelli]] sign a [[concordat]] on behalf of their respective nations.
*[[1933]] - [[United Kingdom]]:  In [[London]], 500,000 march against [[anti-Semitism]].
*[[1933]] - [[United States]]:  President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] orders new regulations on the trading of grain in order to curb speculators.
*[[1933]] - [[Tennessee]]:  The state becomes the nineteenth to approve the [[Twenty-first Amendment]] to repeal [[Prohibition]].
*[[1933]] - [[Germany]]:  The Nazis arrest two-hundred Jewish merchants in [[Nuremberg]] and parade them through the streets.
*[[1933]] - [[Aviation]]:  Aviator [[Wiley Post]] damages his plane as he lands in [[Flat, Alaska]], on his first round-the-world flight.
*[[1934]] - [[Minnesota]]:  Police in [[Minneapolis, Minnesota|Minneaspolis]] fire upon striking [[Trucker|truck drivers]], wounding fifty.
*[[1934]] - [[Washington State]]:  In [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]], Mayor [[Charles L. Smith]] leads police in firing [[tear gas]] on and clubbing 2,000 striking [[longshoreman|longshoremen]].
*[[1934]] - [[Oregon]]:  [[Governor of Oregon|Governor]] [[Julius Meier]] calls out the National Guard to break a strike on the [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] docks.
*[[1934]] - [[Maine]]:  Three murderers serving life sentences escape from the state prison in [[Thomaston, Maine|Thomaston]].
*[[1934]] - [[Iowa]]:  The state experiences its hottest day on record as the temperature hits 118°F in [[Keokuk, Iowa|Keokuk]].
*[[1934]] - [[United States]]:  [[Postmaster General]] [[James A. Farley]] announces that the [[United States Post Office Department]] turned a $5 million profit in the fiscal year ended [[June 30]], the first annual profit since [[1919]].
*[[1934]] - [[United States]]:  President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] heads to [[Hawaii]] aboard the cruiser [[USS Houston (CA-30)]].
*[[1934]] - [[Andorra]]:  [[Spain]] arrests a man who proclaimed himself the ruler of the tiny principality under the name "Boris I".
*[[1935]] - [[New York State]]:  [[Lightning]] kills four on the shore at [[Brighton Beach, New York|Brighton Beach]].
*[[1935]] - [[Switzerland]]:  A [[Royal Dutch Airlines]] plane en route from [[Milan]] to [[Frankfurt]] crashes into a Swiss mountain, killing thirteen.
*[[1935]] - [[Ethiopia]]:  Emperor [[Hailie Selassie]] demands [[Italy]] cease its demands on his country.
*[[1935]] - [[Turkey]]:  A [[munitions]] dump near [[Istanbul]] explodes killing many.
*[[1935]] - [[India]]:  Riots between [[Muslims]] and [[Sikhs]] over a mosque in [[Lahore]] leave eleven dead. 
*[[1936]] - [[Freedom of the seas]]:  The [[Montreux Convention]] is signed in [[Montreux, Switzerland]], authorizing [[Turkey]] to fortify the [[Dardanelles]] and [[Bosphorus]] but guaranteeing free passage to ships of all nations in peacetime.
*[[1936]] - [[Aviation]]:  [[Aviator]] [[Wiley Post]] nears [[Alaska]] aboard the ''Winnie Mae'' on his second round the world flight.  His trip makes him the first person to fly around the world twice.  
*[[1937]] - [[Michigan]]:  A judge rules the [[Ford Motor Company]], as well as eight individuals, must stand trial on criminal charges of assault for attacks on strikers in May.
*[[1937]] - [[Florida]]:  Two black men accused of stabbing a policeman are taken by a mob from the [[Leon County, Florida|Leon County]] jail in [[Tallahassee, Florida|Tallahassee]] and [[lynching|killed]]. 
*[[1938]] - [[United States]]:  The [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]] files suit in [[New York City]] against the [[motion picture]] industry charging violations of [[anti-trust law]].  The case would eventually result in a break-up of the industry in [[1948]].
*[[1938]] - [[Aviation]]:  [[Ireland]]'s President [[Douglas Hyde]] receives [[Douglas Corrigan|Douglas "Wrongway" Corrigan]] in [[Dublin]] after his transatlantic flight.
*[[1939]] - [[United States]]:  The keel of the [[battleship]] [[USS Massachusetts (BB-59)]] is laid at the [[Bethlehem Steel]] [[shipyard]] in [[Quincy, Massachusetts]].

==1940-1949==
*[[1940]] - [[Denmark]] leaves the [[League of Nations]].
*[[1940]] - [[Pop culture]]:  [[Billboard magazine]] publishes its first "Music Popularity Chart"; the first number one song is [[Frank Sinatra]]'s "I'll Never Smile Again".
*[[1940]] - [[Southeast Asia]]:  Admiral [[Jean Decoux]] named governor of [[French Indochina]] by Marshal [[Philippe Pétain]].
*[[1940]] - [[United States]]:  President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] signs a bill limiting political activity by Federal employees, the [[Hatch Act]].
*[[1941]] - [[Soviet Union]]:  [[Joseph Stalin]] consolidates the Commissariats of Home Affairs and National Security to form the [[NKVD]] and names [[Lavrenti Beria]] its chief.
*[[1941]] - [[South America]]:  In [[Bolivia]], the government makes arrests, including the former finance minister [[Victor Paz Estenssoro]], and shuts down newspapers, claiming a [[Nazi]] coup is in the works.
*[[1941]] - [[Baseball]]:  In [[Detroit, Michigan]], the [[New York Yankees]] beat the [[Detroit Tigers|Tigers]] 12-6 in a marathon seventeen inning game.
*[[1942]] - [[World War II]]:  The first unit of the [[Women's Army Corps]] begins training in [[Des Moines, Iowa]].
*[[1942]] - [[World War II]]:  [[Red Army]] troops take [[bridgehead|bridgeheads]] over the [[Don River]] near [[Voronezh]].
*[[1942]] - [[World War II]]: The [[Royal Air Force]] attacks [[Fuka]]
*[[1942]] - [[United States]]:  The [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] by a vote of 392-2 passes the largest tax increase in American history, $6.3 billion, and raises corporate tax rates to 90 percent.
*[[1943]] - [[World War II]]:  [[Red Army]] forces launch an attack on a 450 mile front from [[Taganrog]] to [[Orel]].
*[[1943]] - [[World War II]]:  American and Canadian troops conquer [[Enna, Italy|Enna]] on [[Sicily]].
*[[1943]] - [[World War II]]: Three [[Japanese Navy]] ships are sunk by American planes near [[Vila]] in the [[Solomon Islands]].
*[[1943]] - [[World War II]]: In [[Washington, D.C.]], Admiral [[Frederick Horne]], Vice [[Chief of Naval Operations]] says the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] is planning for the war to last until [[1949]].
*[[1943]] - [[World War II]]:  Axis leaders [[Adolf Hitler]] and [[Benito Mussolini]] confer in northern [[Italy]]
*[[1944]] - [[Germany]]: [[Adolf Hitler]] survives the [[July 20 Plot]] an assassination attempt led by [[Claus von Stauffenberg]]. 
*[[1944]] - [[World War II]]:  American troops land on [[Guam]] near [[Port Apra, Guam|Port Apra]].
*[[1944]] - [[World War II]]:  On [[Sicily]], fighting continues between [[Wehrmacht|German]] and [[United States Army|American]] forces near [[Catania, Italy|Catania]].
*[[1944]] - [[India]]:  In [[Bombay]], health authorities announce a [[cholera]] epidemic has killed 34,000 in three months.
*[[1944]] - [[United States]]:  The [[United States Democratic Party]] nominates [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] for a fourth term as president.
*[[1944]] - [[Mexico]]:  Fifty are hurt in rioting in front of the presidential palace in [[Mexico City]].
*[[1945]] - [[United States]]:  The [[Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress]] approves the [[Bretton Woods Agreement]].
*[[1945]] - [[World War II]]:  Talks continue on the fourth day of the [[Potsdam Conference]] outside [[Berlin]]. 
*[[1946]] - [[World War II]]:  The [[Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress]]'s [[Pearl Harbor Committee]] says [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] was completely blameless for the [[Japan|Japanese]] [[Pearl Harbor Attack|attack on Pearl Harbor]] and calls for a unified command structure in the armed forces.
*[[1946]] - [[United States]]:  The [[United States House of Representatives]] votes 265-79 to put control of [[atomic energy]] in the hands of a civilian body, the [[Atomic Energy Commission]], rather than leave the military in control.
*[[1946]] - [[United States]]:  [[Congress of the United States|Congressional]] conferees agree to extend the [[Office of Price Administration]] and its [[wage controls|wage]] and [[price controls]] to [[June 30]], [[1947]].
*[[1946]] - [[United States]]:  [[Congress of the United States|Congress]] sends President [[Harry S. Truman]] the [[GI Bill]].
*[[1946]] - [[Michigan]]:  A [[grand jury]] indicts nineteen members of the state legislature for bribery for obstructing a banking reform bill.
*[[1946]] - [[Roman Catholic Church]]:  [[Pope Pius XII]] denounces [[nationalization]] of industries.
*[[1946]] - [[World War II]]:  The [[Soviet Union]] informed the [[United States Army]] that [[Lord Hee Haw]], the Iowa-born propaganda broadcaster, had died in a Soviet camp in October 1945.
*[[1946]] - [[United Kingdom]]:  Prime Minister [[Clement Atlee]] denounces leader of the opposition [[Winston Churchill]]'s "stunts" and says the [[Tories]] have no plan.
*[[1947]] - [[Southeast Asia]]:  Police in [[Burma]] arrest former Prime Minister [[U Saw]] and 19 others on charges of assassinating Prime Minister [[U Aung San]] and seven members of his cabinet.
*[[1947]] - [[South Asia]]:  The [[viceroy]] of [[India]] says the people of the [[Northwest Frontier Province]] overwhelmingly voted the previous day to join [[Pakistan]] rather than [[India]].
*[[1947]] - [[Roman Catholic Church]]:  [[Pope Pius XII]] [[canonize|canonizes]] a French saint, [[Blessed Louis-Marie Gregnon de Montort]].
*[[1948]] - [[Cold War]]: President [[Harry S. Truman]] issues the first peacetime [[military draft]] in the [[United States]] amid increasing tensions with the [[Soviet Union]].  
*[[1948]] - [[Far East]]:  [[Syngman Rhee]] is elected president of [[South Korea]] by parliament.
*[[1948]] - [[United States]]:  In [[New York City]], twelve leaders of the [[Communist Party USA]] are indicted under the [[Smith Act]] including [[William Z. Foster]] and [[Gus Hall]].
*[[1949]] - [[Middle East]]:  [[Israel]] and [[Syria]] sign a truce to end their nineteen month war.
*[[1949]] - [[Bulgaria]]:  Parliament elects [[Vassil Kolarov]] prime minister, replacing [[Georgi Dimitrov]].
*[[1949]] - [[United States]]:  [[Carmine DeSapio]] becomes leader of [[Tammany Hall]], the [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] organization in [[New York City]].
*[[1949]] - [[Journalism]]:  Colonel [[Robert R. McCormick]] announces the purchase of the ''[[Washington Times-Herald]]'' by his paper, the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''.
*[[1949]] - [[United States]]:  President [[Harry S. Truman]] signs a bill to enable [[urban renewal]] and [[slum clearance]].

==References==
*''Facts on File Yearbook'', various years
*Facts on File's ''Day by Day'' series
*''Encyclopaedia Brittanica Yearbook'', various years
*[http://www.imdb.com/OnThisDay?day=20&month=July Internet Movie Database July 20 in Movie History page]
*''The [[New York Times]],'' July 21st issues of various years
*[http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/index.html ''The New York Times'' On This Day site]