Revision 341560552 of "Chloramine-T" on enwiki

{{chembox
| ImageFile = Chloramine T.svg
| ImageSize = 200px
| IUPACName = ''N''-chloro 4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, sodium salt
| OtherNames = ''N''-chloro ''para''-toluenesulfonylamide,<br>sodium chloro[(4-methyl phenyl)sulfonyl]azanide, chloramine-T
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
|   CASNo = 127-65-1
|   PubChem = 10198484
|   SMILES = 
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>7</sub>ClNO<sub>2</sub>S·Na (3H<sub>2</sub>O)
|   MolarMass = 227.64
|   Appearance = white powder
|   Density = 1.4 g/cm³
|   MeltingPt = releases chlorine at 130 °C<br>solid melts at 167–169 °C
|   BoilingPt = 
|   Solubility = 15% in water (25 °C)<br>7.5% in rectified spirit (20 °C)<br>insoluble in benzene and ethers
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   MainHazards = Corrosive
|   RPhrases = 22-31-34-42
|   SPhrases = (1/2-)-7-22-26-36/37/39-45
|   FlashPt = 
|   Autoignition = 
  }}
}}
''' ''N''-chloro tosylamide''' sodium salt, sold as '''chloramine-T''', is a ''[[Nitrogen|N]]''-[[Chlorine|chlorinated]] and ''[[Nitrogen|N]]''-[[Deprotonation|deprotonated]] [[Sulfonamide (chemistry)|sulfonamide]] used as a [[biocide]] and a mild [[disinfectant]]. It is a white powder that gives unstable solutions with water.

==Chemistry==
As a ''N''-chloro compound, it contains active ([[electrophilic]]) [[chlorine]] and can be compared to the ''[[Oxygen|O]]''-chlorinated [[sodium hypochlorite]]. Chloramine-T is nearly neutral (pH typically 8.5). In water, it breaks down to the disinfectant [[hypochlorite]]. It can be used as a source of electrophilic chlorine in [[organic synthesis]].

The sulfur adjacent to the nitrogen can stabilize a nitrogen anion (R<sub>2</sub>N<sup>–</sup>), so that the N-chloro sulfonyamide moiety can be deprotonated at nitrogen even with only sodium hydroxide.

==Use as a biocide==
Chloramine-T is used for disinfection and as an [[algicide]], [[bactericide]], [[germicide]], for [[parasite]] control, and for drinking water disinfection. The molecular structure of toluenesulfonylamide is similar to [[para-aminobenzoic acid]], an intermediate in bacterial metabolism, which is disrupted by this sulfonamide (in the same way as by a [[sulfa drug]]). Therefore, chloramine-T is capable of inhibiting with bacterial growth with two mechanisms, with the phenylsulfonamide moiety and the electrophilic chlorine.

==External links==
*Chemicalland21.com: [http://chemicalland21.com/lifescience/agro/CHLORAMINE%20T.htm]
*MSDS [http://www.hschem.com/msdscht.html], ICSS [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0413.htm]

[[Category:Sulfonamides]]
[[Category:Pesticides]]

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