 |
 |
If you find this site useful or just support what I'm doing, I'd really appreciate if you could donate. To cover server costs and for the hundreds of hours I've put into making this happen.
|
 |
If you spot content on this site that is genuinely illegal or actually puts someone in real danger, contact [email protected]. We have multiple agents reviewing tickets 24/7. Note that we try to maintain as much transparency as possible, both about ourselves and of the actions of Wikipedians. For example, if we removed a live link to CSAM content that was posted by a Wikipedia admin, we would replace it a placeholder like "<link to CSAM that was posted by Demiurge1000 redacted by Undersight>". Note that "I don't like it" is NOT a valid removal reason. If instead you are a Wikipedophile trying to get all the dark secrets of Wikipedia censored, please follow this guide instead.
If you would like to contact the owner of this about something else (e.g. press inquires, feature requests, bug reports), e-mail [email protected] or [email protected].
|
Revision 431411114 of "Common chemicals" on enwiki{{Multiple issues|orphan = May 2011|expert-subject = May 2011|original research = May 2011}}
{{Portal|Chemistry}}
{{Wikibooks|Transwiki:Common chemicals}}
{{Merge|List of commonly available chemicals|date=January 2010}}
<!-- Please do not append chemical data unless data is dually verified. Misinformation can lead to injury! -->
</br>
== Table of common chemical ingredients and where to find them ==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
! Chemical name || Chemical formula || Common name || Where to buy || Specific brand or product
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" style="width:175px" | [[Acetic acid]]
|-
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>COOH + H<sub>2</sub>O
| align="center" | 5% Solution: White vinegar
| align="center" | Supermarket
| align="center" | Any brand of white vinegar
|-
| colspan="4" align="left"| '''Notes:''' In some supermarkets, acetic acid is available in concentrations up to 31%.
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" style="width:175px" | [[Acetone]]
|-
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | Nail polish remover<br/>Paint remover
| align="center" | Discount store
| align="center" | Onyx, Cutex
|-
| colspan="4" align="left"| '''Notes:''' While composition varies from product to product, paint removers will contain more acetone per volume than regular nail polish remover, and industrial grade (rather than consumer grade) paint removers used by professionals and sold in bulk will contain more acetone still. Some stores sell pure acetone as well.<ref>http://www.walmart.com/catalog/product.do?product_id=11047134</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Ammonium carbonate]]
|-
| align="center" | (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | Bakers ammonia
| align="center" | drugstores
| align="center" | None
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:''' Baker's ammonia can be found in drugstores.
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Ammonium hydroxide]]
|-
| align="center" | NH<sub>4</sub>OH
| align="center" | 10% Solution: Household ammonia <br> 27% Solution: Strong ammonia
| align="center" | Supermarket (for household ammonia) <br> Drug store (for strong ammonia)
| align="center" | None
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:''' Combine household ammonia and strong ammonia with water.
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Boric acid]]
|-
| align="center" | H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | Boric acid
| align="center" | Drug store
| align="center" | None
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:''' Often sold as a roach killer
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Calcium carbonate]]
|-
| align="center" | CaCO<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | Chunks: Marble, limestone <br> Powder: Precipitated chalk
| align="center" | Builder's supplies (for chunk) <br> Drug store (for powder)
| align="center" | None
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:'''
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Calcium chloride]]
|-
| align="center" | CaCl<sub>2</sub>
| align="center" | Laundry aid <br> Laundry salt <br> Road salt
| align="center" | Supermarket <br> Hardware store
| align="center" | None
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:''' Many chemicals are used to melt snow. Make certain that if you purchase road salt it is pure calcium chloride.
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Calcium hydroxide]]
|-
| align="center" | Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>
| align="center" | Slaked lime, garden lime
| align="center" | Gardening Department
| align="center" | None
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:''' Used to reduce the acidity of soil.
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Calcium oxide]]
|-
| align="center" | CaO
| align="center" | Quicklime
| align="center" | Builder's supplies
| align="center" | None
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:'''
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Calcium sulfate]]
|-
| align="center" | (CaSO<sub>4</sub>) * H<sub>2</sub>O <br> CaSO<sub>4</sub> * 2H<sub>2</sub>O
| align="center" | Plaster of Paris or <br> Gypsum
| align="center" | Hardware store
| align="center" | None
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:'''
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Glucose]]
|-
| align="center" | C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O
| align="center" | Corn syrup
| align="center" | Supermarket
| align="center" | None
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:''' Glucose is a [[monosaccharide]] that, as a sweetener, is commonly found as a syrup. It is generally produced from corn starch.
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Hydrochloric acid]]
|-
| align="center" | HCl + H<sub>2</sub>O
| align="center" | 25% Solution: Muriatic acid
| align="center" | Hardware store
| align="center" | The Works
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:''' Commonly used to bleach concrete. Found in high concentrations in silverware cleaning solutions. It is also less frequently found in high concentrations in drain cleaners such as the works, however, drain cleaners also contain detergents which can introduce destabilizing impurities to chemical compounds.
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Hydrofluoric acid]]
|-
| align="center" | HF + H<sub>2</sub>O
| align="center" |
| align="center" | Automotive store
| align="center" | Aluminum brightener & tire cleaner
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:''' Best known for its ability to dissolve glass. Found in high concentrations in commercial tire cleaning solutions. Professional grade tire cleaning solutions, such as those bought in bulk by car dealerships, are typically more concentrated than consumer grade products. Must be stored in polyethylene or Teflon containers, and is very hazardous.
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Magnesium sulfate]]
|-
| align="center" | MgSO<sub>4</sub> *7H<sub>2</sub>O
| align="center" | Epsom salts
| align="center" | Drug store
| align="center" | None
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:'''
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Manganese dioxide]]
|-
| align="center" | MnO<sub>2</sub>
| align="center" | Pyrolusite
| align="center" | Hardware stores
| align="center" | None
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:''' Pyrolusite can be extracted from certain types of batteries, called dry cells, but its use is becoming rare.
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Naphthalene]]
|-
| align="center" | C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>8</sub>
| align="center" | Mothballs
| align="center" | Hardware store
| align="center" | None
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:''' Mothballs may also be made of (para)dichlorobenzene.
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Oxalic acid]]
|-
| align="center" | H<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> + 2H<sub>2</sub>O
| align="center" | Non-chlorine bleach powder cleanser
| align="center" | Grocery, hardware, and large discount stores
| align="center" | [[Bar Keepers Friend]]
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:'''
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Potassium nitrate]]
|-
| align="center" | KNO<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | Saltpeter, saltpetre
| align="center" | Hardware store, garden center, supermarket
| align="center" | Grants stump remover
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:''' Potassium nitrate is used as stump remover, fertilizer, and meat preservative.
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Potassium sodium tartrate]]
|-
| align="center" | NaKC<sub>4</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub> * 4H<sub>2</sub>O
| align="center" | Rochelle salt
| align="center" | Drug store
| align="center" | None
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:'''
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Sodium bicarbonate]]
|-
| align="center" | NaHCO<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | Baking soda, bicarbonate of soda
| align="center" | Supermarket
| align="center" | Arm & Hammer
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:''' Be careful to use only single action baking soda when sodium bicarbonate is required. Baking soda is pure sodium bicarbonate, but baking powder has other ingredients, such as potassium tartrate and sodium monophosphate. Double action baking powder contains single action baking powder, a 'high temperature acid' which is a gas formed at room temperature when moistened, and corn starch, which is added as a drying agent to prevent accidental activation.
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Sodium carbonate]]
|-
| align="center" | Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | Washing Soda
| align="center" | Supermarket
| align="center" | Arm & Hammer
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:'''
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Sodium chloride]]
|-
| align="center" | NaCl
| align="center" | Salt, table salt
| align="center" | Supermarket
| align="center" | None
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:''' Canning or pickling salts tend not to have iodine added, so are more pure.
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Sodium hydroxide]]
|-
| align="center" | NaOH
| align="center" | Lye, caustic soda
| align="center" | Supermarket
| align="center" | Drano, crystalline granular drain cleaner
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:''' Keep out of eyes, can cause blindness.
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Sodium tetraborate]]
|-
| align="center" | Na<sub>2</sub>B<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub> * 10H<sub>2</sub>O
| align="center" | Borax
| align="center" | Drug stores, supermarket
| align="center" | None
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:'''
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Sucrose]]
|-
| align="center" | C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>22</sub>O<sub>11</sub>
| align="center" | Table sugar
| align="center" | Supermarket
| align="center" | None
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:''' Sucrose is the name for [[table sugar]], which is made from sugar beets and sugarcane.
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Sulfuric acid]]
|-
| align="center" | H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>
| align="center" | Sulfuric acid, vitriol
| align="center" | Hardware store
| align="center" | Pro Liquid Drain Cleaner
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:''' This is a very difficult chemical to find in concentrated form at a hardware store. Most chemistry experiments or processes require the use of sulfuric acid in concentrations above 85% for optimum results. Car batteries contain only 40% concentration, and depending on state of charge can contain large amounts of lead sulfate. Battery acid can easily be concentrated due to the much higher boiling point of the acid.
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Zinc chloride]]
|-
| align="center" | ZnCl<sub>f</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O
| align="center" | Tinner's Fluid
| align="center" | Hardware store
| align="center" | None
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:''' Also called "killed acid," zinc chloride can be created by dissolving a small amount of zinc in hydrochloric acid. Used for cleaning copper.
|-
| rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Water]]
|-
| align="center" | H<sub>2</sub>O
| align="center" | Water
| align="center" | Anywhere
| align="center" | None
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" | '''Notes:''' Water can be found almost anywhere.
|}
== References ==
[[The Golden Book of Chemistry Experiments]]
<references />
[[Category:Chemistry lists]]All content in the above text box is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license Version 4 and was originally sourced from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=431411114.
  This site is not affiliated with or endorsed in any way by the Wikimedia Foundation or any of its affiliates. In fact, we fucking despise them.
|