[[ja:金 (王朝)]][[de:Jin-Dynastie]][[fi:Jin-dynastia]][[zh:金朝]]
[[nl:Jin-dynastie (1115-1234)]]
{{History_of_China}}
The '''Jin Dynasty''' (金 [[pinyin]]: Jīn [[1115]]-[[1234]]; ''Anchu'' in [[Jurchen language|Jurchen]]), also known as the '''Jurchen dynasty''', was founded by the [[Wanyan]] (完顏 Wányán) [[clan]] of the [[Jurchen]], the ancestors of the [[Manchu]]s who established the [[Qing Dynasty]] some 500 years later. The name is sometimes written as ''Jinn'' to differentiate it from an earlier [[Jin Dynasty (265-420)|Jin Dynasty]] of China whose name is spelled identically in the Roman alphabet.
[[Image:China 11b.jpg|left|thumb|200px|China in [[1142]].]]
Founded in [[1115]] in northern [[Manchuria]], it successively annihilated in [[1125]] the [[Liao Dynasty]] which had held sway over [[Manchuria]] and the northern frontier of China for several centuries. On [[January 9]], [[1127]] Jin forces sacked [[Kaifeng]], capital of the [[Northern Song Dynasty]], capturing both [[Emperor Qinzong of Song China|Emperor Qinzong]], and his father, [[Emperor Huizong of Song China|Emperor Huizong]], who had abdicated in panic in the face of Jin forces. Following the fall of Kaifeng, Song forces under the leadership of the succeeding [[Southern Song Dynasty]] continued to fight for over a decade with Jin forces, eventually signing a peace treaty in [[1141]], and ceding all of [[North China]] to the Jin in [[1142]] in return for peace.
After taking over North China, the Jin Dynasty became increasingly Sinicized, moving its capital from [[Huining Fu]] in northern Manchuria (south of present-day [[Harbin]]) to Zhongdu (now [[Beijing]]). Starting from the early [[13th century]] the Jin Dynasty began to feel the pressure of [[Mongol]]s from the north. In [[1214]] the Jin Dynasty moved its capital to [[Kaifeng]] (the old Song capital) to evade the Mongols; but under the forces of the [[Mongol Empire]] led by [[Ögedei Khan]], third son of [[Genghis Khan]], as well as their allies in the [[Southern Song Dynasty]], the dynasty crumbled in [[1234]].
In [[1616]], [[Manchu]]s under the leadership of [[Nurhaci]] established the Later Jin Dynasty, taking its name from this dynasty. Later Jin was renamed the [[Qing Dynasty]] in [[1636]], and went on to conquer [[China proper]] and become the last dynasty of Imperial China.
<br>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<caption>'''Sovereigns of Jin Dynasty [[1115]]-[[1234]]'''</caption>
<tr valign=top>
<th style="background:#efefef;">Temple Name<br>[[Miao Hao]]<br>廟號<br>miàohào</th>
<th style="background:#efefef;">Posthumous Name<br>[[Shi Hao]]<br>諡號<br>shìhào</th>
<th style="background:#efefef;">Birth Name<br> <br>姓名<br>xìngmíng</th>
<th style="background:#efefef;">Years of<br>Reign</th>
<th style="background:#efefef;">Era Name<br>[[Nian Hao]]<br>年號<br>niánhào<br>and Years</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5" align="center">''Convention: "Jin" + temple name or posthumous name''</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>[[Emperor Taizu of Jin|Tàizǔ]]<br>太祖 </td>
<td>(1)</td>
<td>Wányán Āgǔdǎ<br>完顏阿骨打 </td>
<td>[[1115]]-[[1123]]</td>
<td>
Shōuguó<br>收國<br>[[1115]]-[[1116]]<br> <br>
Tiānfǔ<br>天輔<br>[[1117]]-[[1123]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>[[Emperor Taizong of Jin|Tàizōng]]<br>太宗 </td>
<td>(1)</td>
<td>Wányán Wúqǐmǎi<br>完顏吳乞買<br>''or''<br>Wányán (Shèng ''or'' Chéng)<br>完顏晟</td>
<td>[[1123]]-[[1134]]</td>
<td>Tiānhuì<br>天會<br>[[1123]]-[[1134]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>[[Emperor Xizong of Jin|Xīzōng]]<br>熙宗 </td>
<td>(1)</td>
<td>Wányán Hélá<br>完顏合剌<br>''or''<br>Wányán Dǎn<br>完顏亶</td>
<td>[[1135]]-[[1149]]</td>
<td>
Tiānhuì<br>天會<br>[[1135]]-[[1138]]<br> <br>
Tiānjuàn<br>天眷<br>[[1138]]-[[1141]]<br> <br>
Huángtǒng<br>皇統<br>[[1141]]-[[1149]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>(2)</td>
<td>[[Emperor Hailingwang of Jin|Hǎilíngwáng]]<br>海陵王<br>
<td>Wányán Liàng<br>完顏亮 </td>
<td>[[1149]]-[[1161]]</td>
<td>
Tiāndé<br>天德<br>[[1149]]-[[1153]]<br> <br>
Zhènyuán<br>貞元<br>[[1153]]-[[1156]]<br> <br>
Zhènglóng<br>正隆<br>[[1156]]-[[1161]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>[[Emperor Shizong of Jin|Shìzōng]]<br>世宗</td>
<td>(1)</td>
<td>Wányán Yōng<br>完顏雍</td>
<td>[[1161]]-[[1189]]</td>
<td>Dàdìng<br>大定<br>[[1161]]-[[1189]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>[[Emperor Zhangzong of Jin|Zhāngzōng]]<br>章宗</td>
<td>(1)</td>
<td>Wányán Jǐng<br>完顏璟</td>
<td>[[1190]]-[[1208]]</td>
<td>Míngchāng<br>明昌<br>[[1190]]-[[1196]]<br> <br>
Chéng'ān<br>承安<br>[[1196]]-[[1200]]<br> <br>
Tàihé<br>泰和[[1200]]-[[1208]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>(2)</td>
<td>[[Emperor Weishaowang of Jin|Wèishàowáng]]<br>衛紹王<br>''or''<br>Wèiwáng<br>衛王</td>
<td>Wányán Yǒngjì<br>完顏永濟</td>
<td>[[1209]]-[[1213]]</td>
<td>Dà'ān<br>大安 <br>[[1209]]-[[1212]]<br> <br>
Chóngqìng<br>崇慶<br>[[1212]]-[[1213]]<br> <br>
Zhìníng<br>至寧<br>[[1213]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>[[Emperor Xuanzong of Jin|Xuānzōng]]<br>宣宗</td>
<td>(1)</td>
<td>Wányán Xún<br>完顏珣</td>
<td>[[1213]]-[[1223]]</td>
<td>Zhēnyòu<br>貞祐<br>[[1213]]-[[1217]]<br> <br>
Xīngdìng<br>興定<br>[[1217]]-[[1222]]<br> <br>
Yuánguāng<br>元光<br>[[1222]]-[[1223]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>[[Emperor Aizong of Jin|Āizōng]]<br>哀宗</td>
<td>(1)</td>
<td>Wányán Shǒuxù<br>完顏守緒</td>
<td>[[1224]]-[[1234]]</td>
<td>Zhèngdà<br>正大<br>[[1224]]-[[1232]]<br> <br>
Kāixīng<br>開興<br>[[1232]]<br> <br>
Tiānxīng<br>天興<br>[[1232]]-[[1234]]
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign=top>
<td>(2)<br>
<td>[[Emperor Modi of Jin|Mòdì]]<br>末帝</td>
<td>Wányán Chénglín<br>完顏承麟</td>
<td>[[1234]]</td>
<td>(2)
</td>
</tr>
</table>
(1) Quite long and thus not used when referring to this sovereign.<br>
(2) Did not exist
See also: [[Puxian Wannu]]
[[Category:History of China]]
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