 |
 |
If you find this site useful or just support what I'm doing, I'd really appreciate if you could donate. To cover server costs and for the hundreds of hours I've put into making this happen.
|
 |
If you spot content on this site that is genuinely illegal or actually puts someone in real danger, contact [email protected]. We have multiple agents reviewing tickets 24/7. Note that we try to maintain as much transparency as possible, both about ourselves and of the actions of Wikipedians. For example, if we removed a live link to CSAM content that was posted by a Wikipedia admin, we would replace it a placeholder like "<link to CSAM that was posted by Demiurge1000 redacted by Undersight>". Note that "I don't like it" is NOT a valid removal reason. If instead you are a Wikipedophile trying to get all the dark secrets of Wikipedia censored, please follow this guide instead.
If you would like to contact the owner of this about something else (e.g. press inquires, feature requests, bug reports), e-mail [email protected] or [email protected].
|
Revision 724935562 of "Apple Inc." on enwiki{{about|the technology company|other uses of the name "Apple"|Apple (disambiguation)}}
{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2015}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{coord|37.33182|-122.03118|region:US-CA|display=title}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Apple Inc.
| logo = [[File:Apple logo black.svg|80px]]
| image = Apple Headquarters in Cupertino.jpg
| image_caption = [[Apple Campus]] (1 [[Infinite Loop (street)|Infinite Loop]], [[Cupertino, California]])
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|AAPL|{{#property:p249}}}}|[[Dow Jones Industrial Average|Dow Jones Industrial Average component]]|[[NASDAQ-100|NASDAQ-100 component]]|[[S&P 500|S&P 500 component]]}}
| founded = {{start date and age|1976|04|01}}, in [[Cupertino, California|Cupertino]], [[California]], U.S.
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{plainlist|
* [[Arthur D. Levinson|Arthur D. Levinson, Ph.D.]] (Chairman)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://apple.com/pr/bios/ |title=Press Info – Apple Leadership |website=Apple |accessdate=February 22, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Tim Cook]] (CEO)
* [[Jonathan Ive]] (CDO)
* [[Luca Maestri]] (CFO)
* [[Jeff Williams (Apple)|Jeff Williams]] (COO)
}}
| industry = {{unbulleted list|[[Computer hardware]]|[[Computer software]]|[[Consumer electronics]]|[[Digital distribution]]|[[Fabless manufacturing|Fabless Silicon Design]]|[[Corporate Venture Capital]]|Energy Production}}
| products = {{flatlist|
* [[Macintosh|Mac]]
* [[iPod]]
* [[iPhone]]
* [[iPad]]
* [[Apple Watch]]
* [[Apple TV]]
* [[OS X]]
* [[iOS]]
* [[watchOS]]
* [[iLife]]
* [[iWork]]
}}
| services = {{flatlist|
* [[Apple Pay]]
* [[Apple Store]]
* [[Apple Store (online)|online Apple Store]]
* [[iTunes Store]]
* [[App Store (iOS)|iOS App Store]]
* [[Mac App Store]]
* [[iBooks Store]]
* [[iCloud]]
* [[Apple Music]]
}}
| revenue = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$233.715 billion (2015)<ref name="FY results">{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2015/10/27Apple-Reports-Record-Fourth-Quarter-Results.html |title=Apple Reports Record Fourth Quarter Results |publisher=Apple Inc. |date=October 27, 2015 |accessdate=October 27, 2015}}</ref>}}
| operating_income = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$71.230 billion (2015)<ref name="FY results"/>}}
| net_income = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$53.394 billion (2015)<ref name="FY results"/>}}
| assets = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$305.277 billion (2Q2016)<ref name="FY results"/>}}
| equity = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$174.820 billion (2Q2016)<ref name="FY results"/>}}
| num_employees = 115,000 ({{as of|2015|07|lc=y}})<ref name="employee_num">{{cite web|last1=Yu|first1=Hui-Yong|title=Apple Said to Lease Office Space in Seattle Tower|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-20/apple-said-to-lease-office-space-in-seattle-tower|website=[[Bloomberg Business]]|accessdate=September 9, 2015|date=July 20, 2015}}</ref>
| subsid = {{flatlist|
* [[FileMaker Inc.]]
* [[Anobit]]
* [[Braeburn Capital]]
* [[Beats Electronics]]
* Apple Energy, LLC
}}
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.apple.com}}
| founders = {{plainlist|
* [[Steve Jobs]]
* [[Steve Wozniak]]
* [[Ronald Wayne]]
}}
| location_city = [[Apple Campus]], [[Cupertino, California|Cupertino]], [[California]]
| location_country = U.S.
| locations = 478 Apple retail stores in 17 countries ({{as of|2016|03|lc=y}})<ref name="storenum">{{cite web|title=Apple Stores: Everything We Know|url=http://www.macrumors.com/2016/05/19/apple-retail-stores-15th-anniversary/|website=[[MacRumors]]|accessdate=May 19, 2016}}</ref>
}}
'''Apple Inc.''' is an American [[multinational corporation|multinational]] [[technology company]] headquartered in [[Cupertino, California|Cupertino]], [[California]], that designs, develops, and sells [[consumer electronics]], [[software|computer software]], and online services. Its [[computer hardware|hardware]] products include the [[iPhone]] [[smartphone]], the [[iPad]] [[tablet computer]], the [[Macintosh|Mac]] [[personal computer]], the [[iPod]] [[portable media player]], and the [[Apple Watch]] [[smartwatch]]. Apple's consumer software includes the [[OS X]] and [[iOS]] [[operating system]]s, the [[iTunes]] [[Media player (software)|media player]], the [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] [[web browser]], and the [[iLife]] and [[iWork]] creativity and productivity suites. Its online services include the [[iTunes Store]], the [[App Store (iOS)|iOS App Store]] and [[Mac App Store]], and [[iCloud]].
Apple was founded by [[Steve Jobs]], [[Steve Wozniak]], and [[Ronald Wayne]] on April 1, 1976, to develop and sell personal computers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.loc.gov/rr/business/businesshistory/April/apple.html|title=Apple Computers: This Month in Business History (Business Reference Services, Library of Congress)|work=loc.gov}}</ref> It was incorporated as '''Apple Computer, Inc.''' on January 3, 1977, and was renamed as Apple Inc. on January 9, 2007, to reflect its shifted focus toward consumer electronics. Apple ({{NASDAQ|AAPL}}) joined the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] on March 19, 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Apple Inc. finally joins ranks of the Dow's elite 30 stocks|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-apple-dow-att-20150307-story.html|accessdate=March 10, 2015|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=June 3, 2015}}</ref>
Apple is the [[List of the largest information technology companies|world's largest information technology company]] by revenue, the world's largest technology company by [[asset|total assets]],<ref>{{cite news|first=Liyan|last=Chen|title=The World's Largest Tech Companies: Apple Beats Samsung, Microsoft, Google|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/liyanchen/2015/05/11/the-worlds-largest-tech-companies-apple-beats-samsung-microsoft-google/|work=[[Forbes]]|date=May 11, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515010854/http://www.forbes.com/sites/liyanchen/2015/05/11/the-worlds-largest-tech-companies-apple-beats-samsung-microsoft-google/|archivedate=May 15, 2015|deadurl=no|accessdate=December 30, 2015}}</ref> and the [[Mobile phone#Manufacturers|world's second-largest mobile phone manufacturer]].<ref name="mobile phone manufacturers">{{cite web|last1=Dent|first1=Steve|title=Huawei passes Microsoft as third-largest mobile phone maker|url=http://www.engadget.com/2015/07/31/huawei-microsoft-smartphone-sales/|website=[[Engadget]]|publisher=[[AOL]]|accessdate=December 30, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814041349/http://www.engadget.com/2015/07/31/huawei-microsoft-smartphone-sales/|archivedate=August 14, 2015|deadurl=no|date=July 31, 2015}}</ref> In November 2014, in addition to being the [[List of public corporations by market capitalization|largest publicly traded corporation in the world by market capitalization]], Apple became the first U.S. company to be valued at over [[United States dollar|US$]]700 billion.<ref>{{cite news|title=Apple Inc market cap tops US$700B, double what it was when Tim Cook took over as CEO|url=http://business.financialpost.com/2014/11/25/apple-inc-tops-us700-billion-market-share-on-strong-iphone-and-ipad-demand/|accessdate=November 25, 2014|work=[[Financial Post]]|date=November 25, 2014<!-- 9:55 AM ET-->}}</ref> The company employs 115,000 permanent full-time employees {{as of|2015|07|lc=y}}<ref name="employee_num"/> and maintains 478 [[Apple Store|retail stores]] in seventeen countries {{as of|2016|03|lc=y}}.<ref name="storenum"/> It operates the [[Apple Store (online)|online Apple Store]] and iTunes Store, the latter of which is the world's largest music retailer. There are over one billion actively used Apple products worldwide {{as of|2016|03|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web|first=Romain|last=Dillet|url=http://techcrunch.com/2016/03/21/apples-tim-cook-on-iphone-unlocking-case-we-will-not-shrink-from-this-responsibility/|title=Apple’s Tim Cook on iPhone unlocking case: "We will not shrink from this responsibility"|work=[[TechCrunch]]|publisher=[[AOL]]|date=March 21, 2016|accessdate=March 21, 2016}}</ref>
Apple's worldwide annual revenue totaled $233 billion for the [[fiscal year]] ending in September 2015.<ref name="FY results"/> To put this into perspective this revenue generation accounts for approximately 1.25% of the total [[United States GDP]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/glance.htm|title=Bureau of Economic Analysis|last=Analysis|first=US Department of Commerce, BEA, Bureau of Economic|website=www.bea.gov|language=EN-US|access-date=2016-04-14}}</ref> The company enjoys a high level of [[brand loyalty]] and, according to the 2014 edition of the [[Interbrand]] Best Global Brands report, is the world's most valuable brand with a valuation of $118.9 billion.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Stuart|title=Technology Titans Lead Ranking of Most Valuable Brands|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/09/business/media/tech-companies-lead-ranking-of-most-valuable-brands-.html|website=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=October 10, 2014}}</ref> By the end of 2014, the corporation continued to [[Criticism of Apple Inc.|receive significant criticism]] regarding the labor practices of its contractors and its environmental and business practices, including the origins of source materials.
==History==
{{Main|History of Apple Inc.}}
===1976–84: Founding and incorporation===
[[File:Apple Garage.jpg|thumb|right|Home of Paul and Clara Jobs, on Crist Drive in [[Los Altos, California]]. [[Steve Jobs]] formed Apple Computer in its garage with [[Steve Wozniak]] and [[Ronald Wayne]] in 1976.|alt=Home of Paul and Clara Jobs, on Crist Drive in [[Los Altos, California]].]]
[[File:Apple I.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Apple I]], Apple's first product, was sold as an assembled circuit board and lacked basic features such as a keyboard, monitor, and case. The owner of this unit added a keyboard and a wooden case.]]
[[File:Apple_II.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Apple II]], introduced in 1977, was a major technological advancement over its predecessor.]]
Apple was established on April 1, 1976, by [[Steve Jobs]], [[Steve Wozniak]] and [[Ronald Wayne]]<ref name=AppleConf>{{cite book| last = Linzmayer| first = Owen W.| title = Apple Confidential: The Real Story of Apple Computer, Inc.| publisher = No Starch Press| year = 1999| url = http://extras.denverpost.com/books/chap0411h.htm}}</ref><ref name="Benny Luo">{{cite web|url = http://nextshark.com/ronald-wayne-interview/|title = Apple’s Third Co-Founder Ron Wayne: On Forming the Company and Working With Steve Jobs|author = [[Benny Luo]]|publisher = NextShark|date = September 12, 2013}}</ref> to sell the [[Apple I]] personal computer kit. The [[Apple I]] kits were computers single-handedly designed and hand-built by Wozniak<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/laptops--desktops/wozniak-tells-his-side-of-the-story/2006/09/28/1159337270259.html |title=Apple co-founder tells his side of the story |work=Sydney Morning Herald |date= September 28, 2006|accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6167297 "A Chat with Computing Pioneer Steve Wozniak"], National Public Radio, September 29, 2006.</ref> and first shown to the public at the [[Homebrew Computer Club]].<ref>[[Steve Wozniak|Wozniak, Stephen]]. [http://www.atariarchives.org/deli/homebrew_and_how_the_apple.php "Homebrew and How the Apple Came to Be"], ''Digital Deli''. Retrieved March 2, 2007.</ref> The Apple I was sold as a [[motherboard]] (with [[Central processing unit|CPU]], [[Random-access memory|RAM]], and basic textual-video chips), which was less than what is now considered a complete personal computer.<ref>Kahney, Leander. [http://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/multimedia/2002/11/56426 Rebuilding an Apple From the Past], ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'', November 19, 2002. {{wayback|url=http://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/multimedia/2002/11/56426 |date=20140318144236 }}</ref> The Apple I went on sale in July 1976 and was market-priced at $666.66 (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|666.66|1976}}}} in {{CURRENTYEAR}} dollars, adjusted for inflation).{{Inflation-fn|US}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7091190.stm|title=BBC News: History of Technology|accessdate=January 19, 2008 | date=November 15, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://staging.computerhistory.org/exhibits/highlights/apple1.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070326115844/http://staging.computerhistory.org/exhibits/highlights/apple1.shtml|archivedate=March 26, 2007|title= Apple I | publisher=Computer History Museum |accessdate=January 19, 2008}}</ref><ref>[http://www.g4tv.com/gamemakers/episodes/3781/Apple_II.html Game Makers (TV Show)]: Apple II. Originally aired January 6, 2005.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macmothership.com/gallery/newads7/1976apple1.jpg| title=Picture of original ad featuring US666.66 price}}</ref><ref name="iWoz">Wozniak, Steven. "[[iWoz]]", p. 180. [[W. W. Norton]], 2006. ISBN 978-0-393-06143-7</ref>
Apple was incorporated January 3, 1977,<ref name="orgincpr">[http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=107357&p=irol-faq#corpinfo1 Apple Investor Relations FAQ], Apple inc. Retrieved March 2, 2007.</ref> without Wayne, who sold his share of the company back to Jobs and Wozniak for $800.<ref name="Benny Luo"/> Multimillionaire [[Mike Markkula]] provided essential business expertise and funding of $250,000 during the incorporation of Apple.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://money.cnn.com/1998/01/06/technology/apple_chrono/ |title=Apple Chronology |accessdate=September 11, 2008 |date=January 6, 1998 |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |publisher=CNN |ref=harv}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Apple Inc|url=http://ca.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552652/apple_inc_.html|work=[[MSN Encarta]]|accessdate=March 2, 2007| archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1257008017205735|archivedate=October 31, 2009}}</ref> During the first five years of operations revenues grew exponentially, doubling about every four months. Between September 1977 and September 1980 yearly sales grew from $775,000 to $118m, an average annual growth rate of 533%.<ref>''Infinite Loop'', Malone, p157</ref>
The [[Apple II series|Apple II]], also invented by Wozniak, was introduced on April 16, 1977, at the first [[West Coast Computer Faire]]. It differed from its major rivals, the [[TRS-80]] and [[Commodore PET]], because of its character cell-based color graphics and [[open architecture]]. While early Apple II models used ordinary cassette tapes as storage devices, they were superseded by the introduction of a 5 1/4 inch [[floppy disk]] drive and interface called the [[Disk II]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Apple II History Chapter 4 | url=http://apple2history.org/history/ah04/ | author=Steven Weyhrich| date=April 21, 2002 | accessdate=August 18, 2008 }}</ref> The Apple II was chosen to be the desktop platform for the first "[[killer application|killer app]]" of the business world: [[VisiCalc]], a [[spreadsheet]] [[Computer program|program]].<ref name="lemvc">Hormby, Thomas. [http://lowendmac.com/orchard/06/visicalc-origin-bricklin.html VisiCalc and the rise of the Apple II], ''Low End Mac'', September 22, 2006. Retrieved March 2, 2007.</ref> VisiCalc created a business market for the Apple II and gave home users an additional reason to buy an Apple II: compatibility with the office.<ref name="lemvc" /> Before VisiCalc, Apple had been a distant third place competitor to [[Commodore 64|Commodore]] and [[Tandy Computers|Tandy]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bagnall |first=Brian |title= On the Edge: The Spectacular Rise and Fall of Commodore |year=2005 |publisher= Variant Press |isbn=978-0-9738649-0-8 |pages=109–112}}</ref><ref>[http://www.jeremyreimer.com/total_share.html Personal Computer Market Share: 1975–2004] {{wayback|url=http://www.jeremyreimer.com/total_share.html |date=20120606003537 }} The figures show Mac higher, but that is not a single model.</ref>
By the end of the 1970s, Apple had a staff of computer designers and a production line. The company introduced the [[Apple III]] in May 1980 in an attempt to compete with [[IBM]] and [[Microsoft]] in the business and corporate computing market.<ref>LEM Staff. [http://lowendmac.com/coventry/06/apple-iii-failure.html "Apple III Chaos: What Happened When Apple Tried to Enter the Business Market"]. ''Low End Mac''. September 1, 2006. Retrieved March 2, 2007.</ref> Jobs and several Apple employees, including [[Jef Raskin]], visited [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]] in December 1979 to see the [[Xerox Alto]]. [[Xerox]] granted Apple engineers three days of access to the PARC facilities in return for the option to buy 100,000 shares (800,000 split-adjusted shares) of Apple at the pre-IPO price of $10 a share.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fool.com/news/foth/2000/foth000918.htm|title=Fool.com: How Xerox Forfeited the PC War|work=The Motley Fool| last=Landley| first= Rob|date=September 18, 2000|accessdate=August 12, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080723144112/http://www.fool.com/news/foth/2000/foth000918.htm| archivedate= July 23, 2008| deadurl= no}}</ref>
Jobs was immediately convinced that all future computers would use a graphical user interface ([[Graphical user interface|GUI]]), and development of a GUI began for the [[Apple Lisa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.worldofapple.com/archives/2006/03/30/apple-at-30-1976-to-1986/|title=Apple at 30 – 1976 to 1986 | work=World of Apple|accessdate=August 12, 2008}}</ref> In 1982, however, he was pushed from the Lisa team due to infighting. Jobs took over Jef Raskin's low-cost-computer project, the [[Macintosh]]. A race broke out between the Lisa team and the Macintosh team over which product would ship first. Lisa won the race in 1983 and became the first personal computer sold to the public with a GUI, but was a commercial failure due to its high price tag and limited software titles.<ref name="lemlisa">Hormby, Thomas. [http://lowendmac.com/orchard/05/apple-lisa-history.html A history of Apple's Lisa, 1979–1986], ''Low End Mac'', October 6, 2005. Retrieved March 2, 2007.</ref>
On December 12, 1980, Apple went public at $22 per share,<ref name=FAQ>{{cite web|title=Apple Inc – Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://investor.apple.com/faq.cfm|accessdate=November 14, 2012|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6CA0QREPE|archivedate=November 14, 2012}}</ref> generating more capital than any IPO since [[Ford Motor Company]] in 1956 and instantly creating more millionaires (about 300) than any company in history.<ref>Malone, Michael S. ''Infinite Loop''. ISBN 978-1-85410-638-4</ref>
===1984–91: Success with Macintosh===
{{See also|Timeline of Macintosh models}}
[[File:Macintosh,_Google_NY_office_computer_museum.jpg|thumb|right|The first [[Macintosh]], released in 1984, was the first mass-market personal computer featuring an integral graphical user interface and mouse.]]
In 1984, Apple launched the Macintosh, the first personal computer to be sold without a [[programming language]] at all.<ref name="IsProgramingObsolete">[[Brian Harvey (lecturer)|Brian Harvey]] (1994): [http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~bh/obsolete.html Is Programing Obsolete?], Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, [[University of California]], Berkeley, accessed, and archived June 14, 2013 by [[WebCite]] at [http://www.webcitation.org/6HMvs40Qe http://www.webcitation.org/6HMvs40Qe]</ref> Its debut was signified by [[1984 (advertisement)|"1984"]], a $1.5 million television commercial directed by [[Ridley Scott]] that aired during the third quarter of [[Super Bowl XVIII]] on January 22, 1984.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.duke.edu/~tlove/mac.htm |title=Apple's 1984: The Introduction of the Macintosh in the Cultural History of Personal Computers |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20121014051705/http://www.duke.edu/~tlove/mac.htm |archivedate=October 14, 2012 }}</ref> The commercial is now hailed as a watershed event for Apple's success<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/tech/columnist/kevinmaney/2004-01-28-maney_x.htm|title=Apple's '1984' Super Bowl commercial still stands as watershed event | work=USA Today | date=January 28, 2004}}</ref> and a "masterpiece".<ref name="masterpiece">{{cite news| url = http://edition.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/02/02/eye.ent.commercials/| title = Why 2006 is not like '1984'| accessdate =May 10, 2008| last = Leopold| first = Todd| date = February 3, 2006| work = [[CNN]] }}</ref><ref name="cellini">{{cite news| url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb197/is_200401/ai_n5556112| title = The Story Behind Apple's '1984' TV commercial: Big Brother at 20| accessdate =May 9, 2008| last = Cellini| first = Adelia|date=January 2004| work = [[Macworld]] 21.1, page 18| archiveurl = http://arquivo.pt/wayback/wayback/20090628133757/http%3A//findarticles%2Ecom/p/articles/mi_hb197/is_200401/ai_n5556112| archivedate = June 28, 2009}}</ref>
The Macintosh initially sold well, but follow-up sales were not strong<ref name="lem1985">Hormby, Thomas. [http://lowendmac.com/orchard/06/1002.html Good-bye Woz and Jobs: How the first Apple era ended in 1985], ''Low End Mac'', October 2, 2006. Retrieved March 2, 2007.</ref> due to its high price and limited range of software titles. The machine's fortunes changed with the introduction of the [[LaserWriter]], the first [[PostScript]] [[laser printer]] to be sold at a reasonable price, and [[Adobe PageMaker|PageMaker]], an early [[desktop publishing]] package. It has been suggested that the combination of these three products were responsible for the creation of the desktop publishing market.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://desktoppub.about.com/cs/beginners/f/when_dtp.htm|title=When was desktop publishing invented?|accessdate=April 30, 2007| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070420204531/http://desktoppub.about.com/cs/beginners/f/when_dtp.htm| archivedate= April 20, 2007| deadurl= no}}</ref> The Macintosh was particularly powerful in the desktop publishing market due to its advanced graphics capabilities, which had necessarily been built in to create the intuitive Macintosh GUI.
In 1985, a power struggle developed between Jobs and CEO [[John Sculley]], who had been hired two years earlier.<ref name="lemsculley">Hormby, Thomas. [http://lowendmac.com/orchard/06/john-sculley-years-apple.html Growing Apple with the Macintosh: The Sculley years], ''Low End Mac'', February 22, 2006. Retrieved March 2, 2007.</ref> The Apple board of directors instructed Sculley to "contain" Jobs and limit his ability to launch expensive forays into untested products. Rather than submit to Sculley's direction, Jobs attempted to oust him from his leadership role at Apple. Sculley found out that Jobs had been attempting to organize a [[Coup d'état#Other uses of the term|coup]] and called a board meeting at which Apple's board of directors sided with Sculley and removed Jobs from his managerial duties.<ref name="lem1985" /> Jobs resigned from Apple and founded [[NeXT|NeXT Inc.]] the same year.<ref>{{cite news| last = Spector| first = G| title = Apple's Jobs Starts New Firm, Targets Education Market| work = [[PC Week]]| page = 109| date = September 24, 1985}}</ref>
[[File:Macintosh_portable.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Macintosh Portable]], released in 1989, was Apple's first battery-powered portable Macintosh personal computer.]]
After Jobs' departure, the Macintosh product line underwent a steady change of focus to higher price points, the so-called "high-right policy" named for the position on a chart of price vs. profits. Jobs had argued the company should produce products aimed at the consumer market and aimed for a $1000 price for the Macintosh, which they were unable to meet. Newer models selling at higher price points offered higher [[profit margin]], and appeared to have no effect on total sales as [[power user]]s snapped up every increase in power. Although some worried about pricing themselves out of the market, the high-right policy was in full force by the mid-1980s, notably due to [[Jean-Louis Gassée]]'s mantra of "fifty-five or die", referring to the 55% [[profit margin]]s of the [[Macintosh II]].<ref>{{Cite book
| last = Carlton
| first = Jim
| year = 1997
| title = Apple: The inside story of intrigue, egomania, and business blunders
| publication-place = New York
| publisher = Random House
| pages = 79–80
| isbn = 0-8129-2851-2
| postscript = <!-- None -->
}}</ref>
This policy began to backfire in the last years of the decade as new desktop publishing programs appeared on [[IBM PC compatible|PC clones]] that offered some or much of the same functionality of the Macintosh but at far lower price points. The company lost its monopoly in this market, and had already estranged many of its original consumer customer base who could no longer afford their high priced products. The Christmas season of 1989 was the first in the company's history that saw declining sales, and led to a 20% drop in Apple's stock price.<ref>{{Cite book
| last = Carlton
| first = Jim
| year = 1997
| title = Apple: The inside story of intrigue, egomania, and business blunders
| publication-place = New York
| publisher = Random House
| pages = 117–129
| isbn = 0-8129-2851-2
| postscript = <!-- None -->
}}</ref> Gassée's objections were overruled, and he was forced from the company in 1990. Later that year, Apple introduced three lower cost models, the [[Macintosh Classic]], [[Macintosh LC]] and [[Macintosh IIsi]], all of which saw significant sales due to pent up demand.
In 1991 Apple introduced the [[PowerBook]], replacing the "luggable" [[Macintosh Portable]] with a design that set the current shape for almost all modern laptops. The same year, Apple introduced [[System 7]], a major upgrade to the operating system which added color to the interface and introduced new networking capabilities. It remained the architectural basis for [[Mac OS]] until 2001. The success of the PowerBook and other products brought increasing revenue.<ref name="lemsculley" /> For some time, Apple was doing incredibly well, introducing fresh new products and generating increasing profits in the process. The magazine ''[[MacLife|MacAddict]]'' named the period between 1989 and 1991 as the "first golden age" of the Macintosh.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}
Apple believed the [[Apple II series]] was too expensive to produce and took away sales from the low-end Macintosh.<ref name="apple2history11">{{cite web|url=http://apple2history.org/history/ah11.html#11|title=Apple II History Chap 11|accessdate=August 12, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080912044443/http://apple2history.org/history/ah11.html| archivedate= September 12, 2008| deadurl= no}}</ref> In 1990, Apple released the [[Macintosh LC]], which featured a single [[Expansion card|expansion slot]] for the [[Apple IIe Card]] to help migrate Apple II users to the Macintosh platform;<ref name="apple2history11" /> the [[Apple IIe]] was discontinued in 1993.
===1991–97: Decline, restructuring, acquisitions===
{{see also|Timeline of the Apple II family}}
[[File:Apple_PenLite_prototype,_1992.jpg|thumb|right|The Penlite was Apple's first attempt at a tablet computer. Created in 1992, the project was designed to bring the Mac OS to a touchscreen display - but was shelved in favour of the [[Newton (platform)|Newton]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Exclusive: New pics of Apple's unreleased tablet prototype from 1992 - and the Mac that flew on the Space Shuttle|url=http://www.stuff.tv/news/exclusive-new-pics-apples-unreleased-tablet-prototype-1992-and-mac-flew-space-shuttle|publisher=stuff.tv|accessdate=14 April 2016}}</ref>]]
The success of Apple's lower-cost consumer models, especially the LC, also led to cannibalization of their higher priced machines. To address this, management introduced several new brands, selling largely identical machines at different price points aimed at different markets. These were the high-end [[Macintosh Quadra|Quadra]], the mid-range [[Macintosh Centris|Centris]] line, and the ill-fated [[Macintosh Performa|Performa]] series. This led to significant market confusion, as customers did not understand the difference between models.<ref name="vawperforma">{{cite web| title=Macintosh Performa|url=http://www.vectronicsappleworld.com/profiles/performa.html|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130419164519/http://www.vectronicsappleworld.com/profiles/performa.html|archivedate=April 19, 2013 | publisher= Vectronics Apple World| accessdate= November 29, 2010}}</ref>
Apple also experimented with a number of other unsuccessful consumer targeted products during the 1990s, including [[Apple QuickTake|digital cameras]], [[PowerCD|portable CD audio players]], [[AppleDesign Powered Speakers|speakers]], [[Apple Bandai Pippin|video consoles]], the [[eWorld]] online service, and [[Apple Interactive Television Box|TV appliances]]. Enormous resources were also invested in the problem-plagued [[Newton (platform)|Newton division]] based on John Sculley's unrealistic market forecasts.{{citation needed|date=November 2010}} Ultimately, none of these products helped and Apple's market share and stock prices continued to slide.{{citation needed|date=November 2010}}
Throughout this period, Microsoft continued to gain market share with [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] by focusing on delivering software to cheap commodity personal computers, while Apple was delivering a richly engineered but expensive experience.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roughlydrafted.com/RD/Q4.06/3EC02E78-FD4D-4CDF-92A0-9C4CBDFAB3D2.html|title=1990–1995: Why the World Went Windows| accessdate=August 12, 2008}}</ref> Apple relied on high profit margins and never developed a clear response; instead, they sued Microsoft for using a GUI similar to the [[Apple Lisa]] in ''[[Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp.]]''.<ref name="lemms">Hormby, Thomas. [http://lowendmac.com/orchard/06/apple-vs-microsoft.html The Apple vs. Microsoft GUI lawsuit], ''Low End Mac'', August 25, 2006. Retrieved March 2, 2007.</ref> The lawsuit dragged on for years before it was finally dismissed. At this time, a series of major product flops and missed deadlines sullied Apple's reputation, and Sculley was replaced as CEO by [[Michael Spindler]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lowendmac.com/orchard/06/michael-spindler-apple.html|title=Michael Spindler: The Peter Principle at Apple|accessdate=August 12, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080908030156/http://lowendmac.com/orchard//06/michael-spindler-apple.html| archivedate= September 8, 2008| deadurl= no}}</ref>
[[File:Newton-IMG 0320 cleanup.JPG|thumb|left|The [[Newton (platform)|Newton]] was Apple's first foray into the [[personal digital assistant|PDA]] markets, as well as one of the first in the industry. Despite being a financial flop at the time of its release, it helped pave the way for the [[PalmPilot]] and Apple's own [[iPhone]] and [[iPad]] in the future.]]
By the early 1990s, Apple was developing alternative platforms to the Macintosh, such as [[A/UX]]. The Macintosh platform itself was becoming outdated because it was not built for multitasking and because several important software routines were programmed directly into the hardware. In addition, Apple was facing competition from [[OS/2]] and [[UNIX]] vendors such as [[Sun Microsystems]]. The Macintosh would need to be replaced by a new platform or reworked to run on more powerful hardware.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roughlydrafted.com/RD/Home/B8DA34A3-333B-4204-BDF3-E74608998702.html| title=1990–1995: Hitting the Wall|accessdate=August 14, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080924063130/http://www.roughlydrafted.com/RD/Home/B8DA34A3-333B-4204-BDF3-E74608998702.html| archivedate= September 24, 2008| deadurl= no}}</ref>
In 1994, Apple allied with [[IBM]] and [[Motorola]] in the [[AIM alliance]] with the goal of creating a new computing platform (the [[PowerPC Reference Platform]]), which would use IBM and Motorola hardware coupled with Apple software. The AIM alliance hoped that PReP's performance and Apple's software would leave the PC far behind and thus counter Microsoft. The same year, Apple introduced the [[Power Macintosh]], the first of many Apple computers to use Motorola's [[PowerPC]] processor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple-history.com/body.php?page=gallery&model=6100&performa=off&sort=date&order=ASC&range=|title=Power Macintosh 6100|accessdate=August 12, 2008}}</ref>
In 1996, Spindler was replaced by [[Gil Amelio]] as CEO. Amelio made numerous changes at Apple, including extensive layoffs and cut costs.<ref>Chaffin, Bryan. [http://www.macobserver.com/article/2001/02/06.13.shtml "Former Apple CEO Gil Amelio Lands A New CEO Job | The Mac Observer"], The Mac Observer, February 6, 2001. Retrieved August 15, 2008.</ref> After numerous failed attempts to improve Mac OS, first with the [[Taligent]] project and later with [[Copland (operating system)|Copland]] and [[Copland (operating system)|Gershwin]], Amelio chose to purchase [[NeXT]] and its [[NeXTSTEP]] operating system and bring Steve Jobs back to Apple.<ref>{{cite web|title=Apple Computer, Inc. Finalizes Acquisition of NeXT Software Inc |url=http://product.info.apple.com/pr/press.releases/1997/q2/970207.pr.rel.next.html| publisher=Apple Inc.| date= February 7, 1997 |accessdate=June 25, 2006 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20010724014721/http://product.info.apple.com/pr/press.releases/1997/q2/970207.pr.rel.next.html| archivedate=July 24, 2001}}</ref>
===1997–2007: Return to profitability===
{{multiple image
| width = 130
| footer = [[Power Macintosh|Power Mac]] was a line of Apple Macintosh [[Workstation|workstation-class]] personal computers based on various models of [[PowerPC]] microprocessors that were developed from March 1994 until August 2006.
| image1 = Apple_Power_Macintosh_G5_Late_2005_02.jpg
| image2 = Apple_Power_Macintosh_G5_Late_2005_01.jpg
}}
The NeXT deal was finalized on February 9, 1997,<ref name="archive">{{Wayback |date=* |url=product.info.apple.com/pr/press.releases/1997/q2/970207.pr.rel.next.html |title=Apple Computer, Inc. Finalizes Acquisition of NeXT Software Inc. }}, ''Apple Inc.'', February 7, 1997. Retrieved June 25, 2006.</ref> bringing Jobs back to Apple as an advisor. On July 9, 1997, Amelio was ousted by the board of directors after overseeing a three-year record-low stock price and crippling financial losses. Jobs acted as the interim CEO and began restructuring the company's product line; it was during this period that he identified the design talent of [[Jonathan Ive]], and the pair worked collaboratively to rebuild Apple's status.<ref name="Time" />
At the 1997 [[Macworld/iWorld|Macworld Expo]], Jobs announced that Apple would join Microsoft to release new versions of [[Microsoft Office]] for the Macintosh, and that Microsoft had made a $150 million investment in non-voting Apple stock.<ref>[https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/1997/aug97/msmacpr.aspx Microsoft and Apple Affirm Commitment to Build Next Generation Software for Macintosh] ''Microsoft Corp.'', August 6, 1997.</ref> On November 10, 1997, Apple introduced the [[Apple Store (online)|Apple Online Store]], which was tied to a new build-to-order manufacturing strategy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcw.com/print/3_1/news/64412-1.html?type=pf|title=Apple gains tech, agency customers in Next deal|publisher=Federal Computer Week|last=Harreld|first=Heather|date=January 5, 1997|access-date=August 15, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206061012/http://www.fcw.com/print/3_1/news/64412-1.html?type=pf|archive-date=December 6, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-5564882_ITM |title=Apple unveils new marketing strategy |date=November 10, 1997 |accessdate=August 15, 2008 |work=Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113132409/http://www.accessmylibrary.com:80/coms2/summary_0286-5564882_ITM |archivedate=November 13, 2008 }}</ref>
On August 15, 1998, Apple introduced a new all-in-one computer reminiscent of the [[Macintosh 128K]]: the [[iMac G3|iMac]]. The iMac design team was led by Ive, who would later design the [[iPod]] and the [[iPhone]].<ref name="levgrossman">[[Lev Grossman|Grossman, Lev]]. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1576854,00.html The Apple Of Your Ear], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', January 12, 2007. Retrieved February 1, 2007.</ref><ref>Wilson, Greg. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080228235549/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2007/01/14/2007-01-14_private_icreator_is_genius_behind_apples.html Private iCreator is genius behind Apple's polish], ''[[New York Daily News]]'', January 14, 2007. Retrieved February 1, 2007.</ref> The iMac featured modern technology and a unique design, and sold almost 800,000 units in its first five months.<ref name="800kimacs">{{cite web|url=http://www.ebooklyn.net/p/800000-imacs-sold-in-first-139-days.html|title=800,000 iMacs Sold in First 139 Days|accessdate=January 26, 2008|author=Apple Canada Inc|date=January 5, 1999}}</ref>
During this period,{{when|date=November 2014}} Apple completed numerous acquisitions to create a portfolio of digital production software for both professionals and consumers. In 1998, Apple purchased [[Macromedia]]'s Key Grip software project, signaling an expansion into the [[digital video]] editing market. The sale was an outcome of Macromedia's decision to solely focus upon web development software. The product, still unfinished at the time of the sale, was renamed "[[Final Cut Pro]]" when it was launched on the retail market in April 1999.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Apple Bounced Back|url=http://www.roughlydrafted.com/RD/Q4.06/8F4B780E-674F-4421-A44D-7B1EAE9C1BA6.html|website=Roughly Drafted|publisher=Roughly Drafted|accessdate=November 8, 2014|date=October 25, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A new beginning or swan song for Final Cut Pro X|url=http://www.grreporter.info/en/new_beginning_or_swan_song_final_cut_pro_x/9411|website=GR Reporter|publisher=GRRreporter Ltd|accessdate=November 8, 2014|date=June 7, 2013}}</ref> The development of Key Grip also led to Apple's release of the consumer video-editing product [[iMovie]] in October 1999.<ref name="Bell">{{cite web|author1=Matt Bell, Mark Wherry|title=APPLE/EMAGIC TAKEOVER The Inside Story Of The Deal That Changed The Music World|url=http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/sep02/articles/emagic.asp|website=Sound On Sound|publisher=SOS Publications Group|accessdate=November 8, 2014|date=September 2002}}</ref> Next, Apple successfully acquired the German company Astarte, which had developed [[DVD authoring]] technology, as well as Astarte's corresponding products and engineering team in April 2000. Astarte's digital tool DVDirector was subsequently transformed into the professional-oriented [[DVD Studio Pro]] software product. Apple then employed the same technology to create [[iDVD]] for the consumer market.<ref name="Bell" /> In 2002, Apple purchased [[Nothing Real]] for their advanced digital [[compositing]] application [[Shake (software)|Shake]],<ref>Chaffin, Bryan. [http://www.macobserver.com/article/2002/02/07.6.shtml "Apple Shake: Apple Buys Nothing Real, A High End Compositing Software Maker"], ''The Mac Observer'', February 7, 2002. Retrieved August 15, 2008.</ref> as well as [[Emagic]] for the music productivity application [[Logic Pro|Logic]]. The purchase of Emagic made Apple the first computer manufacturer to own a music software company. The acquisition was followed by the development of Apple's consumer-level [[GarageBand]] application.<ref>Deitrich, Andy. [http://arstechnica.com/reviews/apps/garageband.ars Garage Band: Part 1], [[ars technica]], February 2, 2004. Retrieved August 15, 2008.</ref> The release of [[iPhoto]] in the same year completed the [[iLife]] suite.<ref>[https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2002/jan/07iphoto.html Apple Introduces iPhoto], Apple Inc., January 7, 2002. Retrieved August 15, 2008.</ref>
[[Mac OS X]], based on NeXT's [[OpenStep|OPENSTEP]] and [[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD Unix]], was released on March 24, 2001 after several years of development. Aimed at consumers and professionals alike, Mac OS X aimed to combine the stability, reliability and security of [[Unix]] with the ease of use afforded by an overhauled user interface. To aid users in migrating from [[Mac OS 9]], the new operating system allowed the use of OS 9 applications within Mac OS X via the [[Classic Environment]].<ref>{{cite web|title=An Exclusive Look at Mac OS 9|url=http://eggfreckles.net/notes/an-exclusive-look-at-mac-os-9/|work=Egg Freckles|publisher=Egg Freckles|accessdate=March 23, 2014|date=February 24, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229010157/http://www.eggfreckles.net/notes/an-exclusive-look-at-mac-os-9/|archivedate=29 February 2012}}</ref>
On May 19, 2001, Apple opened the first official [[Apple Store (retail)|Apple Retail Stores]] in Virginia and California.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifoapplestore.com/stores/chronology_2001-2003.html |title=Apple Stores 2001–2003 |publisher=IFO Apple Store |accessdate=October 7, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20110927210608/http://www.ifoapplestore.com/stores/chronology_2001-2003.html |archivedate=September 27, 2011 }}</ref> On October 23 of the same year, Apple debuted the [[iPod]] portable digital audio player. The product, which was first sold on November 10, 2001, was phenomenally successful with over 100 million units sold within six years.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4625262.stm Apple enjoys ongoing iPod demand], ''BBC News'', January 18, 2006. Retrieved April 27, 2007.</ref><ref>Cantrell, Amanda. [http://money.cnn.com/2006/03/29/technology/apple_anniversary/?cnn=yes Apple's remarkable comeback story], ''CNN'', March 29, 2006. Retrieved March 2, 2007.</ref> In 2003, Apple's [[iTunes Store]] was introduced. The service offered online [[music download]]s for $0.99 a song and integration with the iPod. The iTunes store quickly became the market leader in online music services, with over 5 billion downloads by June 19, 2008.<ref>[https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2008/06/19itunes.html iTunes Store Tops Five Billion Songs], ''Apple Inc.'', June 19, 2008. Retrieved September 3, 2008.</ref>
{{Main|Apple's transition to Intel processors}}
[[File:MacBook Pro.jpg|thumb|left|The [[MacBook Pro]], Apple's first laptop with an [[Intel]] microprocessor, introduced in January 2006.]]
At the [[Worldwide Developers Conference]] keynote address on June 6, 2005, Jobs announced that Apple would begin producing [[Intel]]-based Mac computers in 2006.<ref name="printel">[https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2005/jun/06intel.html Apple to Use Intel Microprocessors Beginning in 2006], ''Apple Inc.'', June 6, 2005. Retrieved March 2, 2007.</ref> On January 10, 2006, the new [[MacBook Pro]] and [[iMac]] became the first Apple computers to use Intel's [[Core Duo]] CPU. By August 7, 2006, Apple made the transition to Intel chips for the entire Mac product line—over one year sooner than announced.<ref name="printel" /> The Power Mac, iBook and PowerBook brands were retired during the transition; the [[Mac Pro]], [[MacBook]], and MacBook Pro became their respective successors.<ref>{{cite news|first=Bobbie |last= Johnson |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2006/aug/10/applemacs.guardianweeklytechnologysection |title=Power Mac to Mac Pro |work=The Guardian |location=London |date= August 10, 2006 |accessdate=October 7, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2006/may/16macbook.html|title=Apple Unveils New MacBook Featuring Intel Core Duo Processors}}</ref> On April 29, 2009, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' reported that Apple was building its own team of engineers to design microchips.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124104666426570729.html|title=In Major Shift, Apple Builds Its Own Team to Design Chips | work=The Wall Street Journal | date=April 30, 2009}}</ref> Apple also introduced [[Boot Camp (software)|Boot Camp]] in 2006 to help users install [[Windows XP]] or [[Windows Vista]] on their Intel Macs alongside Mac OS X.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2006-04-04/news-flash-apple-introduces-boot-camp-to-run-windows-xp-on-macs| title = News Flash: Apple Introduces 'Boot Camp' To Run Windows XP on Macs| date = April 5, 2006| first = Arik| last = Hesseldahl| work=BusinessWeek | accessdate = August 18, 2008}}</ref>
Apple's success during this period was evident in its stock price. Between early 2003 and 2006, the price of Apple's stock increased more than tenfold, from around $6 per share (split-adjusted) to over $80. In January 2006, Apple's [[market cap]] surpassed that of [[Dell]].<ref name="modell">Gamet, Jeff. [http://www.macobserver.com/stockwatch/2006/01/16.1.shtml Apple Passes Dell's Market Cap], ''MacObserver'', January 16, 2006. Retrieved March 2, 2007.</ref> Nine years prior, Dell's CEO [[Michael Dell]] had said that if he ran Apple he would "shut it down and give the money back to the shareholders."<ref>Singh, Jal. [http://news.cnet.com/Dell-Apple-should-close-shop/2100-1001_3-203937.html?hhTest=1 Dell: Apple should close shop], ''[[CNET|CNET News]]'', October 6, 1997. Retrieved March 2, 2007.</ref> Although Apple's market share in computers had grown, it remained far behind competitors using Microsoft Windows, accounting for about 8% of desktops and laptops in the US.{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}
Since 2001, Apple's design team has progressively abandoned the use of translucent colored plastics first used in the [[iMac G3]]. This design change began with the [[titanium]]-made [[PowerBook]] and was followed by the [[iBook]]'s white [[polycarbonate]] structure and the flat-panel [[iMac]].<ref>[http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-10738727_ITM "Apple revamps iBook. Network World (May, 2001)"], Network World, May 2, 2001. Retrieved August 19, 2008. {{wayback|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-10738727_ITM |date=20090101074211 }}</ref><ref>Magee, Mike. [http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1013993/imac-all-in-one-is-a-trinity "iMac "All-in-One" is a trinity"], ''The Inquirer'', January 26, 2002. Retrieved August 19, 2008.</ref>
===2007–11: Success with mobile devices===
[[File:ipod 5th Generation white.jpg|thumb|200px|A fifth generation [[iPod]], one of [[Jonathan Ive]]'s most recognised industrial designs. iPod has been phenomenally successful with over 390 million units sold worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=number-of-ipods-sold|url=http://ipod.about.com/od/glossary/qt/number-of-ipods-sold.htm|publisher=about.com|accessdate=15 April 2016}}</ref>]]
During his keynote speech at the Macworld Expo on January 9, 2007, Jobs announced that Apple Computer, Inc. would thereafter be known as "Apple Inc.", because the company had shifted its emphasis from computers to consumer electronics.<ref>{{cite news|title=Drop the Computer|url=http://www.economist.com/node/8521960|website=[[The Economist]]|accessdate=December 11, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127110146/http://www.economist.com/node/8521960|archivedate=January 27, 2011|deadurl=no|location=San Francisco, California|date=January 11, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What's In A Name Change? Look At Apple.|url=http://www.forbes.com/2007/01/25/apple-microsoft-motorola-ent-sales-cx_kw_0125wharton.html|website=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=December 11, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202004531/http://www.forbes.com/2007/01/25/apple-microsoft-motorola-ent-sales-cx_kw_0125wharton.html|archivedate=February 2, 2007|deadurl=no|date=January 25, 2007}}</ref> This event also saw the announcement of the [[iPhone]] and the [[Apple TV]].<ref name="MW2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/hotnews/articles/2007/01/mwsf/ |title=Hot News – Macworld 2007 |publisher=Apple.com |accessdate=October 7, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20101011223304/http://www.apple.com:80/hotnews/articles/2007/01/mwsf/ |archivedate=October 11, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://ccbn.10kwizard.com/cgi/convert/pdf/APPLEINC8K.pdf?pdf=1&repo=tenk&ipage=4589126&num=-2&pdf=1&xml=1&cik=320193&odef=8&rid=12&quest=1&dn=2&dn=3 | title = Form 8-K SEC Filing | date = January 10, 2007 | format = PDF | accessdate =December 8, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/09/technology/09cnd-iphone.html | last = Markoff | first = John | authorlink = John Markoff | title = New Mobile Phone Signals Apple's Ambition | date = January 9, 2007 | accessdate =January 9, 2007 |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2007/01/09/technology/apple_jobs/index.htm |title=Apple: Hello, iPhone |author=Owen Thomas |date=January 9, 2007 |publisher=CNNMoney |accessdate=November 3, 2012}}</ref> The following day, Apple shares hit $97.80, an all-time high at that point. In May, Apple's share price passed the $100 mark.<ref>[http://www.macnn.com/articles/07/04/26/analyst.raised.aapl.target/ AAPL surges past $100, target at $140], ''MacNN'', April 26, 2007. Retrieved July 10, 2007.</ref> Apple would achieve widespread success with its iPhone, [[iPod Touch]] and [[iPad]] products, which introduced innovations in [[mobile phone]]s, [[portable music player]]s and [[personal computer]]s respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.benzinga.com/tech/14/09/4837568/apple-watch-shows-innovation-is-back|title=Apple Inc. Watch Shows 'Innovation Is Back' |work=Benzinga|accessdate=October 10, 2014}}</ref> Furthermore, by early 2007, 800,000 Final Cut Pro users were registered.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://news.cnet.com/2100-1046-6176170.html| title = Apple exhibits Final Cut Studio 2| first = Greg| last = Sandoval| date = April 15, 2007| accessdate =December 4, 2007| work = [[CNET]] }}</ref>
In an article posted on Apple's website on February 6, 2007, Jobs wrote that Apple would be willing to sell music on the iTunes Store without [[digital rights management]] (DRM), thereby allowing tracks to be played on third-party players, if record labels would agree to drop the technology.<ref name="NewsMax">{{cite web|title=A letter from Steve Jobs on DRM: let's get rid of it|url=http://www.engadget.com/2007/02/06/a-letter-from-steve-jobs-on-drm-lets-get-rid-of-it/|work=Engadget|publisher=AOL Inc|accessdate=March 23, 2014|author=Ryan Block|date=February 6, 2007}}</ref> On April 2, 2007, Apple and [[EMI]] jointly announced the removal of DRM technology from EMI's catalog in the iTunes Store, effective in May 2007.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.macworld.com/article/57098/2007/04/drmfree.html|title=Apple, EMI offer higher-quality DRM free downloads |work=Playlist Magazine |date=April 2, 2007 |accessdate=November 29, 2010| last=Dalrymple|first=Jim}}</ref> Other record labels eventually followed suit and Apple published a press release in January 2009 to announce the corresponding changes to the iTunes Store.<ref>{{cite web|title=Changes Coming to the iTunes Store|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2009/01/06Changes-Coming-to-the-iTunes-Store.html|work=Apple Press Info|publisher=Apple Inc|accessdate=March 23, 2014|date=January 6, 2009}}</ref>
In July 2008, Apple launched the [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]] to sell third-party applications for the [[iPhone]] and [[iPod Touch]].<ref>Flandez, Raymund. [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121789232442511743.html?mod=googlenews_wsj "Programmers Jockey for iPhone Users at Apple Site"], ''The [[Wall Street Journal]]''. Retrieved August 16, 2008.</ref> Within a month, the store sold 60 million applications and registered an average daily revenue of $1 million, with Jobs speculating in August 2008 that the App Store could become a billion-dollar business for Apple.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crn.com/software/210002313|title=Apple's Jobs Gushes Over App Store Success|date=August 11, 2008|publisher=The Channel Wire|last=McLaughlin|first=Kevin|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301213959/http://crn.com/software/210002313|archive-date=March 1, 2010|access-date=August 16, 2008}}</ref> By October 2008, Apple was the third-largest mobile handset supplier in the world due to the popularity of the iPhone.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2008/10/with-iphone-app/ |title=Jobs: Apple Is Third Largest Handset Supplier |last= Chen |first= Brian |work=Wired| publisher=Mac Life |date=October 21, 2008 |accessdate=March 23, 2014}}</ref>
On December 16, 2008, Apple announced that 2009 would be the last year the corporation would attend the Macworld Expo, after more than 20 years of attendance, and that senior vice president of Worldwide Product Marketing [[Philip W. Schiller|Philip Schiller]] would deliver the 2009 keynote address in lieu of the expected Jobs. The official press release explained that Apple was "scaling back" on trade shows in general, including Macworld Tokyo and the Apple Expo in Paris, France, primarily because the enormous successes of the Apple Retail Stores and website had rendered trade shows a minor promotional channel.<ref>{{cite web|title=CHUNKIER SIDEKICK TO REPLACE JOBS AT MACWORLD|url=http://doeswhat.com/2008/12/16/chunkier-sidekick-to-replace-jobs-at-macworld/|work=DoesWhat|publisher=DoesWhat|accessdate=March 23, 2014|date=December 16, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Apple Announces Its Last Year at Macworld|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2008/12/16Apple-Announces-Its-Last-Year-at-Macworld.html|work=Apple Press Info|publisher=Apple Inc|accessdate=March 23, 2014|author=Steve Dowling|date=December 16, 2008}}</ref>
On January 14, 2009, an internal memo from Jobs announced that he would be taking a six-month medical [[leave of absence]] from Apple until the end of June 2009 and would spend the time focusing on his health. In the email, Jobs stated that "the curiosity over my personal health continues to be a distraction not only for me and my family, but everyone else at Apple as well", and explained that the break would allow the company "to focus on delivering extraordinary products".<ref>{{cite web|title=Apple Media Advisory|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2009/01/14Apple-Media-Advisory.html|work=Apple Press Info|publisher=Apple Inc|accessdate=March 23, 2014|author=Steve Jobs|date=January 14, 2009}}</ref> Despite Jobs's absence, Apple recorded its best non-holiday quarter (Q1 FY 2009) during the [[late-2000s recession|recession]] with revenue of $8.16 billion and profit of $1.21 billion.<ref name="Apple-Inc-Apr-2009-10-Q">{{cite web|url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2508/119312509085781/filing-main.htm |title=Apple Inc, Form 10-Q, Quarterly Report, Filing Date Apr 23, 2009 |publisher=secdatabase.com |accessdate =March 8, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.betanews.com/article/Apple-reports-the-best-nonholiday-quarter-in-its-history/1240433273 |title=Apple reports the best non-holiday quarter in its history |publisher=Betanews |date=April 22, 2009 |accessdate=November 22, 2010}}</ref>
{{Wikinewspar2|Apple unveils iPhone 4, iOS 4 at Worldwide Developers Conference 2010|Apple to give free cases, refunds to iPhone 4 owners|Apple unveils new iPods, Apple TV; updates iOS, iTunes|Apple unveils new MacBook Air laptops, iLife '11 software suite}}
After years of speculation and multiple rumored "leaks", Apple announced a large screen, tablet-like media device known as the iPad on January 27, 2010. The iPad ran the same touch-based operating system as the iPhone, and many iPhone apps were compatible with the iPad. This gave the iPad a large app catalog on launch, despite very little development time before the release. Later that year on April 3, 2010, the iPad was launched in the US. It sold more than 300,000 units on its first day, and 500,000 by the end of the first week.<ref>{{cite press release| url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html| title=Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day| publisher=Apple Inc| accessdate=April 10, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100409114930/http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html| archivedate= April 9, 2010| deadurl= no}}</ref> In May of the same year, Apple's [[market cap]] exceeded that of competitor [[Microsoft]] for the first time since 1989.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/10168684.stm|title=Apple passes Microsoft to be biggest tech company|date=May 27, 2010|accessdate=May 29, 2010|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100529063247/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/10168684.stm| archivedate= May 29, 2010| deadurl= no}}</ref>
In June 2010, Apple released the [[iPhone 4]],<ref>{{cite press release| url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/06/07Apple-Presents-iPhone-4.html| title=Apple Presents iPhone 4| publisher=Apple Inc. | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903135840/http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/06/07Apple-Presents-iPhone-4.html| archivedate=September 3, 2011| deadurl= no}}</ref> which introduced [[video calling]], [[Computer multitasking|multitasking]], and a new [[Electrical insulation|uninsulated]] [[stainless steel]] design that acted as the phone's antenna. Later that year, Apple again refreshed its iPod line of MP3 players by introducing a [[multi-touch]] [[iPod Nano]], an [[iPod Touch]] with [[FaceTime]], and an [[iPod Shuffle]] that brought back the buttons of earlier generations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.engadget.com/2010/09/07/ipod-touch-review-2010/ |title=iPod touch review (2010) |first=Joshua |last=Topolsky |authorlink=Joshua Topolsky |work=[[Engadget]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=September 7, 2010 |accessdate=August 6, 2012}}</ref><ref name="yahoo1">{{cite news|url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100901/ap_on_hi_te/us_tec_apple |title=Apple unveils new TV box for renting movies, shows|work=Yahoo! News|first1=Jessica|last1=Mintz|first2=Jordan|last2=Robertson|accessdate=September 2, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100902211653/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100901/ap_on_hi_te/us_tec_apple| archivedate= September 2, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Apple Computer, Inc. |url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/09/01ipodnano.html |title=Apple Reinvents iPod nano With Multi-Touch Interface |publisher=Apple.com |date=September 1, 2010 |accessdate=November 11, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101115202127/http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/09/01ipodnano.html| archivedate= November 15, 2010| deadurl= no}}</ref> Additionally, on October 20, Apple updated the [[MacBook Air]] laptop, [[iLife]] suite of applications, and unveiled [[Mac OS X Lion]], the last version with the name ''[[Mac OS X]]''.<ref name='october20releasepcmag'>{{cite news | first = Chloe | last = Albanesius | title = Apple Unveils iLife 11 with New iPhoto, iMovie, GarageBand | date = October 20, 2010 | publisher = PC Magazine | url = http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2371168,00.asp | work = PC Magazine | accessdate =October 20, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101021031251/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2371168,00.asp| archivedate= October 21, 2010| deadurl= no}}</ref>
In October 2010, Apple shares hit an all-time high, eclipsing $300.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://mashable.com/2010/10/13/apple-shares-hit-300/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+Mashable+%28Mashable%29|title=Apple Shares Hit $300|date=October 13, 2010| accessdate=October 13, 2010|work=[[Mashable]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101016162903/http://mashable.com/2010/10/13/apple-shares-hit-300/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+Mashable+(Mashable)| archivedate= October 16, 2010| deadurl= no}}</ref>
[[File:Apple Store Yonkers, NY January 8, 2013.jpg|thumb|[[Apple Store]] in [[Yonkers]], [[New York]]]]
On January 6, 2011, the company opened its [[Mac App Store]], a digital software distribution platform similar to the iOS App Store.<ref name="1-6-10-PCMAG-MACAPPSTORE">{{cite news | url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2375320,00.asp | title=Apple's Mac App Store: Hands On | date=January 6, 2011 | work=PC Magazine | first=Michael | last= Muchmore | accessdate=January 6, 2011}}</ref>
Alongside peer entities such as Atari and Cisco Systems, Apple was featured in the documentary ''[[Something Ventured (film)|Something Ventured]]'' which premiered in 2011 and explored the three-decade era that led to the establishment and dominance of Silicon Valley.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Michael Cieply|title=A Film About Capitalism, and (Surprise) It’s a Love Story|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/08/business/media/08film.html?_r=0|accessdate=November 8, 2014|work=The New York Times|date=March 7, 2011}}</ref>
On January 17, 2011, Jobs announced in an internal Apple memo that he would take another medical leave of absence, for an indefinite period, to allow him to focus on his health. Chief operating officer [[Tim Cook]] assumed Jobs's day-to-day operations at Apple, although Jobs would still remain "involved in major strategic decisions".<ref name="JobsLeave2011">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-12205173|title=Apple boss Steve Jobs takes 'medical leave'|publisher=BBC News|date=January 17, 2011| accessdate= January 17, 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050439/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-12205173| archivedate= January 19, 2011| deadurl= no}}</ref> Apple became the most valuable consumer-facing brand in the world.<ref>{{cite web|first=Lauren | last= Indvik |url=http://mashable.com/2011/05/09/apple-google-brandz-study |title=Apple Now World's Most Valuable Brand |publisher=Mashable.com |date=May 9, 2011 |accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref> In June 2011, Jobs surprisingly took the stage and unveiled [[iCloud]], an online storage and syncing service for music, photos, files and software which replaced MobileMe, Apple's previous attempt at content syncing.<ref>Helft, Miguel. "[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/07/technology/07apple.html?_r=1&ref=technology Apple Unveils ‘Cloud’ Music and Storage Service]". ''The New York Times''. June 6, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.</ref>
This would be the last product launch Jobs would attend before his death. It has been argued that Apple has achieved such efficiency in its supply chain that the company operates as a [[monopsony]] (one buyer, many sellers) and can dictate terms to its suppliers.<ref>{{cite web| first= Pascal-Emmanuel |last= Gobry | date=July 4, 2011 |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/apple-supply-chain-2011-7 |title=Apple's Exclusive Supply Chain Of Advanced Technology Is Literally Years Ahead Of Anyone Else On The Planet |work= Business Insider |accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Elmer |first=Philip |url=http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2011/07/05/how-apple-became-a-monopsonist/ |title=How Apple became a monopsonist – Apple 2.0 |work=Fortune Tech |publisher=CNN.com |date=July 5, 2011 |accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref><ref name="supply">{{cite news|title=Apple's Supply-Chain Secret? Hoard Lasers| url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/apples-supplychain-secret-hoard-lasers-11032011.html| accessdate=November 4, 2011|newspaper=Bloomberg Businessweek| archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/62xFMYuc3|archivedate=November 4, 2011|quote=The iPhone maker spends lavishly on all stages of the manufacturing process, giving it a huge operations advantage}}</ref> In July 2011, due to the [[United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2011|American debt-ceiling crisis]], Apple's financial reserves were briefly larger than those of the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. Government]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-14340470 |title=Apple holding more cash than USA |publisher=BBC |date=July 29, 2011 |accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref>
On August 24, 2011, Jobs resigned his position as CEO of Apple.<ref>{{cite news| last= Primack| first= Doug| title=Fallen Apple: Steve Jobs resigns|url=http://finance.fortune.cnn.com/2011/08/24/fallen-apple-steve-jobs-resigns/|accessdate=August 24, 2011|work=CNN}}</ref> He was replaced by Cook and Jobs became Apple's chairman. Prior to this, Apple did not have a chairman and instead had two co-lead directors, [[Andrea Jung]] and [[Arthur D. Levinson]], who continued with those titles until Levinson became Chairman of the Board in November.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethiopianreview.com/index/20113/?p=25598 |title=Meet Apple's Board of Directors |work=Ethiopian Review |date=August 25, 2011 |accessdate=October 7, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928000035/http://www.ethiopianreview.com/index/20113/?p=25598 |archivedate=September 28, 2012 }}</ref>
===2011–15: Post-Jobs era===
On October 5, 2011, Apple announced that Jobs had died, marking the end of an era for Apple.<ref name="CNN">{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/05/us/obit-steve-jobs/index.html?iref=BN1&hpt=hp_t1 |title=Steve Jobs, Apple founder, dies |publisher= CNN |date=October 5, 2011 |accessdate=October 5, 2011}}</ref><ref name="press_release">{{cite news|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/10/05Statement-by-Apples-Board-of-Directors.html|title=Statement by Apple's Board of Directors|publisher=Apple Inc.|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> The first major product announcement by Apple following Jobs's passing occurred on January 19, 2012, when Apple's [[Phil Schiller]] introduced iBooks Textbooks for iOS and iBook Author for Mac OS X in New York City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2012/01/19Apple-Reinvents-Textbooks-with-iBooks-2-for-iPad.html |title=Apple Reinvents Textbooks with iBooks 2 for iPad – New iBooks Author Lets Anyone Create Stunning iBooks Textbooks |publisher= Apple.com |date=January 19, 2012 |accessdate=February 22, 2012}}</ref> Jobs had stated in his biography that he wanted to reinvent the textbook industry and education.
From 2011 to 2012, Apple released the [[iPhone 4S]] and [[iPhone 5]], which featured improved cameras, an "[[Intelligent personal assistant|intelligent software assistant]]" named [[Siri]], and cloud-sourced data with iCloud;<ref name="iP4S US unlocked">{{cite web|title=iPhone 4S – Apple Store (U.S.)| url=http://store.apple.com/us/browse/home/shop_iphone/family/iphone/iphone4s?mco=MjU5MTk4NzE |publisher=Apple Inc|accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref><ref name=dan>{{cite web|last=Ionescu |first=Daniel |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/241372/iphone_4s_preorders_begin.html |title=iPhone 4S Pre-Orders Begin | work=PC World |date= October 7, 2011 |accessdate=February 22, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macworld.co.uk/ipad-iphone/news/?newsid=3382583&pagtype=allchandate |title=Apple's iOS 6 Maps app fails to impress, users want Google Maps back, Sep 20 2012 |publisher=Macworld |date= |accessdate=November 11, 2012}}</ref> the [[iPad (third generation)|third]] and [[iPad (fourth generation)|fourth]] generation iPads, which featured [[Retina Display|Retina displays]];<ref>{{cite news | url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304459804577281472610072322.html | title=New iPad: a Million More Pixels Than HDTV | work=The Wall Street Journal | date=March 15, 2012 | agency=Dow Jones & Company| accessdate=March 15, 2012 | author=Mossberg, Walter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://news.cnet.com/8301-13579_3-57390897-37/apple-ipad-live-blog-wednesday-march-7/ | title= Apple iPad live blog (Wednesday, March 7) | publisher=Cnet | date=March 7, 2012 | accessdate=March 16, 2012 | last= Lowensohn | first=Josh}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated3" /> and the [[iPad Mini]], which featured a 7.9-inch screen in contrast to the iPad's 9.7-inch screen.<ref name="mini" /> These launches were successful, with the iPhone 5 (released September 21, 2012) becoming Apple's biggest iPhone launch with over 2 million pre-orders<ref>{{cite web|url=http://reviews.cnet.co.uk/mobile-phones/apple-iphone-5-review-50003119/|title=Apple iPhone 5|publisher=CNET UK|date=September 12, 2012|accessdate=September 13, 2012}}</ref> and sales of 3 million iPads in three days following the launch of the iPad Mini and fourth generation iPad (released November 3, 2012).<ref>[https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2012/11/05Apple-Sells-Three-Million-iPads-in-Three-Days.html "Apple Sells Three Million iPads in Three Days"]. Apple.com. November 5, 2012. Retrieved February 22, 2013.</ref> Apple also released a third-generation 13-inch [[MacBook Pro]] with a Retina display and new [[iMac]] and [[Mac Mini]] computers.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web|last=Wood |first=Molly |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-31322_3-57538583-256/the-new-new-ipad-lightning-strikes-again/ |title=The new 'new iPad': Lightning strikes again | Molly Rants – CNET News |publisher=News.cnet.com |date=October 23, 2012 |accessdate=November 11, 2012}}</ref><ref name="mini">{{cite news|last=Dudley-Nicholson|first=Jennifer|title=Apple unveils new iPad Mini, updated iPad and new Macs|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/technology/apple-prepares-to-reveal-ipad-mini/story-fn7celvh-1226501774885|newspaper=Herald Sun|date=October 24, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Brown |first=Rich |url=http://reviews.cnet.com/desktops/apple-mac-mini-with/4505-3118_7-35536140.html |title=Apple Mac Mini with Fusion Drive Review – Watch CNET's Video Review |publisher=Reviews.cnet.com |date= |accessdate=November 11, 2012}}</ref>
On October 29, 2011, Apple purchased C3 Technologies, a mapping company, for $240 million, becoming the third mapping company Apple has purchased.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2395555,00.asp#fbid=et5kCXxABGs|title=Apple Acquires C3 Technologies, One Step Closer to New Maps App|last= Murphy |first= David|accessdate=October 30, 2011| work=PC Magazine| date=October 29, 2011}}</ref> On January 10, 2012, Apple paid $500 million to acquire [[Anobit]], an Israeli hardware company that developed and supplied a proprietary memory signal processing technology that improved the performance of the flash-memory used in iPhones and iPads.<ref name="Apple buys Israeli technology firm Anobit">[http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/11/us-apple-anobit-idUSTRE80A0U620120111 "Apple buys Israeli technology firm Anobit"]. Reuters. January 11, 2012. Retrieved February 7, 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite news| first1=Shoshanna | last1= Solomon |first2= Jonathan | last2= Ferziger |date= January 11, 2012 | url= http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-11/apple-is-said-to-acquire-israeli-component-maker-anobit-for-390-million.html |title=Apple is Said to Acquire Israeli Component Maker Anobit Technologies for About $390 Million |accessdate= January 13, 2012 | work=Bloomberg}}</ref> On July 24, 2012, during a conference call with investors, Tim Cook said that he loved [[India]], but that Apple was going to expect larger opportunities outside of India. Cook cited the reason as the 30% sourcing requirement from India.{{clarify|date=November 2014}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/hardware/apple-ceo-loves-india-but-doesnt-see-much-business-here/articleshow/15137479.cms | title= Apple CEO loves India but doesn't see much business here | first= Javed | last= Anwer | work= The Economic Times | publisher= India Times | date= July 25, 2012 }}</ref><ref>[http://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/news/apple-ceo-tim-cook-i-love-india-but-247307 Apple CEO Tim Cook: "I love India, but..."], NDTV Gadgets, July 25, 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.firstpost.com/tech/we-love-india-just-not-enough-apple-ceo-tim-cook-390095.html "We love India, just not enough: Apple CEO Tim Cook"], Firstpost.com</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-26/strategy/32868313_1_india-apple-ceo-tim-cook-smartphone-market | title = Apple CEO Tim Cook loves India, but bets big on China | first= Javed | last= Anwer | work= The Times of India | publisher= India Times | date= July 26, 2012 }}</ref>
On August 20, 2012, Apple's rising stock rose the company's value to a world-record $624 billion. This beat the non-inflation-adjusted record for market capitalization set by [[Microsoft]] in 1999.<ref>{{cite news|last=Svensson |first=Peter |title=Apple Sets Record for Company Value at $624B |url=http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_TEC_APPLE_BIGGEST_COMPANY?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT |work=Associated Press |accessdate=August 20, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20120822164535/http://hosted.ap.org:80/dynamic/stories/U/US_TEC_APPLE_BIGGEST_COMPANY?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT |archivedate=August 22, 2012 }}</ref> On August 24, 2012, a US jury ruled that Samsung should pay Apple $1.05 billion (£665m) in damages in an [[intellectual property]] lawsuit.<ref>{{cite news|title=Apple awarded $1bn in damages from Samsung in US court|publisher=BBC | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-19377261#TWEET205825|accessdate=August 25, 2012|date=August 25, 2012}}</ref> Samsung appealed the damages award, which the Court reduced by $450 million.<ref name="FOSS Patents">{{cite web|title=Judge strikes $450 million from $1 billion damages award in Apple v. Samsung: second trial needed|publisher=FOSS Patents| url=http://www.fosspatents.com/2013/03/judge-strikes-450-million-from-1.html|accessdate=March 1, 2013}}</ref> The Court further granted Samsung's request for a new trial.<ref name="FOSS Patents"/> On November 10, 2012, Apple confirmed a global settlement that would dismiss all lawsuits between Apple and HTC up to that date, in favor of a ten-year license agreement for current and future patents between the two companies.<ref>[https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2012/11/11HTC-and-Apple-Settle-Patent-Dispute.html "HTC and Apple Settle Patent Dispute"]. Apple.com. November 10, 2012. Retrieved February 22, 2013.</ref> It is predicted that Apple will make $280 million a year from this deal with HTC.<ref>[http://news.cnet.com/8301-13579_3-57548302-37/apple-predicted-to-generate-up-to-$280-million-a-year-in-htc-deal "Apple predicted to generate up to $280 million a year in HTC deal"]. CNET. November 12, 2012. Retrieved February 7, 2013.</ref>
{{see also|List of mergers and acquisitions by Apple}}
A previously confidential email written by Jobs a year before his death, was presented during the proceedings of the ''[[Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.]]'' lawsuits and became publicly available in early April 2014. With a subject line that reads "Top 100 – A," the email was sent only to the company's 100 most senior employees and outlines Jobs's vision of Apple Inc.'s future under 10 subheadings. Notably, Jobs declares a "Holy War with Google" for 2011 and schedules a "new campus" for 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Steve Jobs email that outlined Apple’s strategy a year before his death|url=http://qz.com/196005/the-steve-jobs-email-that-outlined-apples-strategy-a-year-before-his-death/#/h/59327,1/|accessdate=April 7, 2014|newspaper=Quartz|date=April 5, 2014|author=Zachary M. Seward}}</ref>
In March 2013, Apple filed a patent for an augmented reality (AR) system that can identify objects in a live video stream and present information corresponding to these objects through a computer-generated information layer overlaid on top of the real-world image.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/13/03/19/apples-interactive-augmented-reality-system-identifies-real-world-objects-allows-screen-sharing|title=Apple's interactive augmented reality system identifies real-world objects, allows screen sharing}}</ref> Later in 2013, Apple acquired Embark Inc., a small Silicon Valley-based mapping company that builds free transit apps to help smartphone users navigate public transportation in U.S. cities,<ref>{{cite web|title=Exclusive: Apple Buys (Another) Map App, Embark|url=http://jessicalessin.com/2013/08/22/exclusive-apple-buys-another-map-app-embark/|work=Jessica Lessin|publisher=Jessica Lessin|accessdate=August 24, 2013|author=Jessica E. Lessin|date=August 22, 2013}}</ref> and [[PrimeSense]], an Israeli 3D sensing company based in Tel Aviv.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allthingsd.com/20131124/apple-confirms-acquisition-of-3d-sensor-startup-primesense/ |title=Apple Confirms Acquisition of 3-D Sensor Startup PrimeSense – Mike Isaac and John Paczkowski – Mobile |publisher=AllThingsD |date=November 24, 2013 |accessdate=January 1, 2014}}</ref> In December 2013, Apple Inc. purchased social analytics firm Topsy. Topsy is one of a small number of firms with real-time access to the messages that appear on [[Twitter]] and can "do real-time analysis of the trends and discussions happening on Twitter".<ref>{{cite news|title=Apple Buys Real-Time Access to Twitter Feed With Topsy|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-12-02/apple-purchases-analytics-firm-topsy-as-deal-pace-ramps.html|accessdate=December 3, 2013|newspaper=Bloomberg L.P.|date=December 3, 2013|author=Adam Satariano}}</ref> The company also made several high profile hiring decisions in 2013. On July 2, 2013, Apple recruited [[Paul Deneve]], Belgian President and CEO of [[Yves Saint Laurent (brand)|Yves Saint Laurent]] as a vice president reporting directly to Tim Cook.<ref>{{cite news|title=Apple hires former Yves Saint Laurent CEO for 'special projects'|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/02/us-apple-hire-idUSBRE9611BP20130702|accessdate=August 24, 2013|newspaper=Reuters|date=July 2, 2013|author=Poornima Gupta}}</ref> A mid-October 2013 announcement revealed that [[Burberry]] executive [[Angela Ahrendts]] will commence as a senior vice president at Apple in mid-2014. Ahrendts oversaw Burberry's digital strategy for almost eight years and, during her tenure, sales increased to about US$3.2 billion and shares gained more than threefold.<ref>{{cite news|title=Burberry Designer Bailey to Become CEO as Ahrendts Goes to Apple|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-15/burberry-says-bailey-to-become-ceo-as-ahrendts-leaves-for-apple.html|accessdate=October 15, 2013|newspaper=Bloomberg L.P.|date=October 15, 2013|author=Andrew Roberts}}</ref>
At the Worldwide Developer's Conference on June 10, 2013, Apple announced the [[iOS 7|seventh iOS]] operating system alongside [[OS X Mavericks]], the tenth version of Mac OS X, and a new [[Internet radio]] service called [[iTunes Radio]].<ref name="theverge mavericks">{{cite web |url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/6/10/4413466/apple-os-x-10-9-announcement-pricing-availability |title=Apple's OS X 10.9 Mavericks ships this fall with tabbed Finder, Maps and iBooks apps |last1=Welch |first1=Chris |date=June 10, 2013 |work=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |accessdate=June 10, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="theverge ios7">{{cite web |url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/6/10/4407630/apple-announces-ios-7 |title=Apple announces iOS 7, 'biggest change' since the introduction of the iPhone, coming this fall |last1=Seifert |first1=Dan |date=June 10, 2013 |work=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |accessdate=June 10, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="theverge iradio">{{cite web |url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/6/10/4414762/apple-announces-iradio-streaming-music-service |title=Apple announces iTunes Radio, a streaming music service to compete with Pandora |last1=Hamburger |first1=Ellis |date=June 10, 2013 |work=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |accessdate=June 10, 2013 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6HHRCxmBX |archivedate=June 10, 2013 |deadurl=no }}</ref> iTunes Radio, iOS 7 and OS X Mavericks were released fall 2013.<ref name="theverge mavericks" /><ref name="theverge ios7" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2013/09/10iOS-7-With-Completely-Redesigned-User-Interface-Great-New-Features-Available-September-18.html|title= iOS 7 With Completely Redesigned User Interface & Great New Features Available September 18|publisher=Apple Inc|accessdate=May 2014}}</ref> On December 6, 2013, Apple Inc. launched [[iBeacon]] across its 254 U.S. retail stores. Using Bluetooth wireless technology, iBeacon senses the user's exact location within the [[Apple store]] and sends the user messages about products, events and other information, tailored to the user's location.<ref>By Barbara Ortutay, [[The Associated Press]]."[http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_TEC_APPLE_IN_STORE_LOCATION?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT / APPLE GUIDES SHOPPERS INSIDE STORES WITH IBEACON] {{wayback|url=http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_TEC_APPLE_IN_STORE_LOCATION?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT |date=20131212101331 }}."December 6, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2013.</ref>
Alongside Google vice-president Vint Cerf and AT&T CEO Randall Stephenson, Cook attended a closed-door summit held by President Obama on August 8, 2013, in regard to government surveillance and the Internet in the wake of the Edward Snowden [[Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)|NSA incident]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Apple, Google and AT&T meet Obama to discuss NSA surveillance concerns|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/aug/09/nsa-surveillance-apple-google-obama?CMP=EMCNEWEML6619I2&et_cid=44953&et_rid=7107573&Linkid=http%3a%2f%2fwww.theguardian.com%2ftechnology%2f2013%2faug%2f09%2fnsa-surveillance-apple-google-obama|accessdate=August 12, 2013|newspaper=The Guardian|date=August 9, 2013|author=Juliette Garside}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Apple’s Tim Cook, tech executives meet with Barack Obama to talk surveillance|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2013/08/tim-cook-barack-obama-technology-95362.html|work=Politico|publisher=Politico LLC|accessdate=August 12, 2013|author=Tony Romm}}</ref> On February 4, 2014, Cook met with [[Abdullah Gül]], the [[President of Turkey]], in [[Ankara]] to discuss the company's involvement in the [[Fatih project]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13579_3-57618276-37/tim-cook-lands-in-turkey-could-he-be-planning-an-ipad-deal/ |title=Tim Cook lands in Turkey, could he be planning an iPad deal? |publisher=[[CNET]] |date=February 3, 2014 |accessdate=February 4, 2014}}</ref> Cook also confirmed that [[Turkey]]'s first Apple Retail Store would be opened in [[Istanbul]] in April 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macrumors.com/2014/02/03/tim-cook-meets-turkish-president/ |title=Tim Cook to Meet With Turkish President Ahead of Istanbul Apple Store Opening [Updated] |publisher=[[MacRumors]] |date=February 3, 2014 |accessdate=February 4, 2014}}</ref>
An anonymous Apple employee revealed to the ''Bloomberg'' media publication that the opening of a [[Tokyo]], Japan, store was planned for 2014. A Japanese analyst has stated, "For Apple, the Japanese market is appealing in terms of quantity and price. There is room to expand tablet sales and a possibility the Japanese market expands if Apple’s mobile carrier partners increase."<ref>{{cite news|title=Apple Said to Plan First Tokyo Retail Store Since 2005|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-28/apple-said-to-plan-first-tokyo-retail-store-opening-since-2005.html|accessdate=August 29, 2013|newspaper=Bloomberg L.P.|date=August 29, 2013|author=Kathleen Chu|author2=Takashi Amano}}</ref> {{As of|2014|06|13|df=US}}, Apple operated three stores in Tokyo.<ref>{{cite news|title=Inside Apple's chic new Tokyo store|url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/6/13/5806242/apple-store-omotesando-tokyo-opening|date=June 13, 2014|accessdate=May 23, 2015|last=Byford|first=Sam|work=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref> On October 1, 2013, Apple India executives unveiled a plan to expand further into the Indian market, following Cook's acknowledgment of the country in July 2013 when sales results showed that iPhone sales in India grew 400% during the second quarter of 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Apple to enter smaller Indian towns with iPhones, iPads|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-10-04/news/42718151_1_apple-ceo-tim-cook-blackberry-india-apple-india|accessdate=October 7, 2013|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=October 4, 2013|author=Writankar Mukherjee}}</ref>
Apple Inc. reported that the company sold 51 million iPhones in the Q1 of 2014 (an all-time quarterly record), compared to 47.8 million in the year-ago quarter. Apple also sold 26 million iPads during the quarter, also an all-time quarterly record, compared to 22.9 million in the year-ago quarter. The Company sold 4.8 million Macs, compared to 4.1 million in the year-ago quarter.<ref>{{cite web|title = Apple Reports First Quarter Results | url = http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2014/01/27Apple-Reports-First-Quarter-Results.html | work=Apple Inc.|date = January 27, 2014| accessdate= June 24, 2014}}</ref> On May 28, 2014, Apple confirmed its intent to acquire [[Dr. Dre]] and [[Jimmy Iovine]]'s audio company [[Beats Electronics]]—producer of the ''Beats by Dr. Dre'' line of headphones and speaker products, and operator of the music streaming service [[Beats Music]]—for $3 billion, and to sell their products through Apple's retail outlets and resellers. Iovine felt that Beats had always "belonged" with Apple, as the company modeled itself after Apple's "unmatched ability to marry culture and technology."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engadget.com/2014/05/28/apple-acquires-beats-electronics-for-3-billion/ |title=Apple acquires Beats Electronics for $3 billion |work=Engadget |date=May 28, 2014 |accessdate=May 28, 2014}}</ref><ref name=verge-beatsappleconfirmed>{{cite web|title=Apple confirms it's buying Beats for $3 billion|url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/5/28/5700530/apple-confirms-beats-acquisition|work=The Verge|accessdate=May 28, 2014}}</ref><ref name=apple-pr>{{cite web|title=Apple to Acquire Beats Music & Beats Electronics|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2014/05/28Apple-to-Acquire-Beats-Music-Beats-Electronics.html|publisher=Apple|accessdate=May 28, 2014}}</ref> In August 2014, an Apple representative confirmed to the media that [[Anand Lal Shimpi]], editor and publisher of the ''AnandTech'' website, had been recruited by Apple without elaborating on Lal Shimpi's role.<ref>{{cite web|author1=John Paczkowski|title=Veteran Tech Journalist Anand Shimpi Headed to Apple|url=http://recode.net/2014/08/31/veteran-tech-journalist-anand-shimpi-headed-to-apple/|website=re/code|publisher=Revere Digital LLC|accessdate=September 15, 2014|date=August 31, 2014}}</ref>
===2015–present: "The only thing that has changed is everything" and fortieth anniversary===
In 2016, it was revealed that Apple would be making its first original scripted series,<ref name="Apple making its first original series">{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2016/tv/news/apple-dr-dre-scripted-series-original-1201704848/|title=Apple making first original series|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=February 12, 2016}}</ref> a six-episode drama about the life of Dr. Dre. Music Video director [[Paul Hunter (director)|Paul Hunter]] will direct the series.<ref name="Apple making its first original series"/>
On May 12, 2016, Apple Inc., invested $1 billion [[USD]] in [[Didi Chuxing]], a Chinese competitor to [[Uber (company)|Uber]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-china-idUSKCN0Y404W|title=Apple invests $1 billion in Chinese ride-hailing service Didi Chuxing|date=2016-05-13|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=2016-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/technology/apple-puts-1-billion-in-didi-a-rival-to-uber-in-china.html|title=Apple Puts $1 Billion in Didi, a Rival to Uber in China|last=Isaac|first=Mike|date=2016-05-12|last2=Goel|first2=Vindu|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/apple-invests-1-billion-in-didi-ubers-rival-in-china-1463106590|title=Apple Invests $1 Billion in Didi, Uber’s Rival in China|last=Kong|first=Rick Carew in Hong|date=2016-05-13|last2=Francisco|first2=Daisuke Wakabayashi in San|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2016-05-13}}</ref>
On June 6, 2016, it was revealed that Apple was the top tech company.<ref name="Top Tech Company">{{cite web |url=https://www.yahoo.com/tech/apple-top-tech-company-fortune-132100720.html |title=Apple leads Tech Industry in Fortune 500 |last=McBride |first=Sarah |date=June 6, 2016 |website=[[Yahoo Tech]] |access-date=June 6, 2016}}</ref> It ranked third with $233 billion in revenue.<ref name="Top Tech Company"/> It jumped two slots from 2015.<ref name="Top Tech Company"/>
==Products==
{{See also|Timeline of Apple products|List of products discontinued by Apple Inc.}}
===Mac===
{{Main|Macintosh}}
{{See also|Timeline of Macintosh models|List of Macintosh models grouped by CPU type|List of Macintosh models by case type}}
Macs that are currently being sold are:
* [[MacBook (2015 version)|MacBook]]: Consumer ultra-thin, ultra-portable notebook, introduced in 2006 and relaunched in 2015.
* [[MacBook Air]]: Consumer ultra-thin, ultra-portable notebook, introduced in 2008.
* [[MacBook Pro]]: Professional notebook, introduced in 2006.
* [[Mac Mini]]: Consumer sub-desktop computer, introduced in 2005.
* [[iMac]]: Consumer all-in one desktop computer, introduced in 1998.
* [[Mac Pro]]: Workstation desktop computer, introduced in 2006.
Apple sells a variety of computer accessories for Macs, including [[Apple Thunderbolt Display|Thunderbolt Display]], [[Magic Mouse]], [[Magic Trackpad]], [[Apple Wireless Keyboard|Wireless Keyboard]], [[Apple Battery Charger|Battery Charger]], the AirPort wireless networking products, and [[Apple Time Capsule|Time Capsule]].
===iPod===
{{Main|iPod}}
[[File:IPod line as of 2014.png|thumb|iPod line {{as of|2014|lc=y}}. From left to right: [[iPod Shuffle]], [[iPod Nano]], [[iPod Touch]].]]
On October 23, 2001, Apple introduced the [[iPod]] digital music player. Several updated models have since been introduced, and the iPod brand is now the market leader in portable music players by a significant margin. More than 350 million units have shipped {{as of|2012|09|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://news.cnet.com/8301-13579_3-57511323-37/apple-by-the-numbers-84m-ipads-400m-ios-devices-350m-ipods-sold/| title = Apple by the numbers: 84M iPads, 400M iOS devices, 350M iPods sold| work = [[CNET]]| date = September 12, 2012| accessdate =January 28, 2013}}</ref> Apple has partnered with [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] to offer the [[Nike+iPod]] Sports Kit, enabling runners to synchronize and monitor their runs with iTunes and the Nike+ website.
Apple currently sells three variants of the iPod:
* [[iPod Shuffle]]: Ultra-portable digital audio player, currently available in a 2 GB model, introduced in 2005.
* [[iPod Nano]]: [[Portable media player]], currently available in a 16 GB model, introduced in 2005. Earlier models featured the traditional [[iPod click wheel]], but the current generation features a [[multi-touch]] interface and includes an [[FM radio]] and a [[pedometer]].
* [[iPod Touch]]: Portable media player that runs [[iOS]] and is currently available in 16, 32, 64, and 128 GB models, introduced in 2007. The [[IPod Touch (6th generation)|current generation]] features the [[Apple A8]] processor, a [[Retina display]], [[Siri]] and dual cameras on the front (1.2 megapixel sensor) and back (8 megapixel [[iSight]]). The latter camera supports HD [[video recording]] at [[1080p]] and slow motion video at 120fps in 720p.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.apple.com/ipod-touch/specs/|title = iPod touch – Technical Specifications|website = apple.com|accessdate = July 21, 2015}}</ref>
===iPhone===
{{Main|iPhone}}
[[File:IPhone montage.png|thumb|150px|The [[iPhone (first generation)|first-generation iPhone]], [[iPhone 3G|3G]], [[iPhone 4|4]], [[iPhone 5|5]], [[iPhone 5C|5C]] and [[iPhone 5S|5S]] to scale.]]
At the [[Macworld Conference & Expo]] in January 2007, Steve Jobs introduced the long-anticipated<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/19/business/apple-s-chief-in-the-risky-land-of-the-handhelds.html Apple's Chief in the Risky Land of the Handhelds] ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref> [[iPhone]], a convergence of an Internet-enabled [[smartphone]] and iPod.<ref name="apple.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2007/01/09iphone.html |title=Apple Reinvents the Phone with iPhone |publisher=Apple.com |date=January 9, 2007 |accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref> The [[iPhone (first generation)|first-generation iPhone]] was released on June 29, 2007 for $499 (4 GB) and $599 (8 GB) with an [[AT&T Inc.|AT&T]] contract.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2007/06/28iphone.html |title=iPhone Premieres This Friday Night at Apple Retail Stores |publisher=Apple.com |accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref> On February 5, 2008, it was updated to have 16 GB of memory, in addition to the 8 GB and 4 GB models.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2008/02/05iphoneipodtouch.html|title=Apple Adds New iPhone & iPod touch Models|publisher=Apple Inc.|date=February 5, 2008| accessdate=September 8, 2009}}</ref> It combined a [[2.5G]] [[quad band]] [[Global System for Mobile Communications|GSM]] and [[Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution|EDGE]] cellular phone with features found in handheld devices, running scaled-down versions of Apple's Mac OS X (dubbed iPhone OS, later renamed [[iOS]]), with various Mac OS X applications such as [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] and [[Mail (OS X)|Mail]]. It also includes web-based and [[Dashboard (Mac OS)|Dashboard]] apps such as [[Google Maps]] and [[Dashboard (Mac OS)|Weather]]. The iPhone features a {{convert|3.5|in|mm|sing=on}} touchscreen display, [[Bluetooth]], and [[Wi-Fi]] (both "b" and "g").<ref name="apple.com" />
A second version, the [[iPhone 3G]], was released on July 11, 2008 with a reduced price of $199 for the 8 GB version and $299 for the 16 GB version.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2008/06/09iphone.html |title=Apple Introduces the New iPhone 3G |publisher=Apple.com |date=June 9, 2008 |accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref> This version added support for [[3G]] networking and [[assisted-GPS]] navigation. The flat silver back and large antenna square of the original model were eliminated in favor of a glossy, curved black or white back. Software capabilities were improved with the release of the [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]], which provided iPhone-compatible applications to download. On April 24, 2009, the App Store<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/06/technology/06apps.html?pagewanted=all Apple’s Game Changer, Downloading Now]. The New York Times, December 5, 2009. Retrieved April 5, 2013.</ref> surpassed one billion downloads.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2009/04/24appstore.html |title=Apple's Revolutionary App Store Downloads Top One Billion in Just Nine Months |publisher=Apple.com |date=April 24, 2009 |accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref> On June 8, 2009, Apple announced the [[iPhone 3GS]]. It provided an incremental update to the device, including faster internal components, support for faster 3G speeds, video recording capability, and voice control.
At the [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference|Worldwide Developers Conference]] (WWDC) on June 7, 2010, Apple announced the redesigned [[iPhone 4]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/mobile/06/07/apple.wwdc.preview/index.html|title=Apple unveils iPhone 4, 'biggest leap we've taken' since first model|work=[[CNN]]|first1=Brandon |last1=Griggs | first2=John D. |last2= Sutter|date=June 8, 2010|accessdate=July 5, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100708063056/http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/mobile/06/07/apple.wwdc.preview/index.html| archivedate= July 8, 2010| deadurl= no}}</ref> It featured a 960x640 display, the [[Apple A4]] processor, a [[gyroscope]] for enhanced gaming, a 5MP camera with LED flash, front-facing [[VGA]] camera and [[FaceTime]] video calling. Shortly after its release, reception issues were discovered by consumers, due to the stainless steel band around the edge of the device, which also serves as the phone's cellular signal and Wi-Fi antenna. The issue was corrected by a "Bumper Case" distributed by Apple for free to all owners for a few months. In June 2011, Apple overtook [[Nokia]] to become the world's biggest smartphone maker by volume.<ref name=ftover>{{cite news |last=Ward| first=Andrew| title=Apple overtakes Nokia in smartphone stakes| url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/4d7fd1e2-b38e-11e0-b56c-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1SlYjA4IS| newspaper=[[Financial Times]]|date=July 21, 2011 |accessdate=July 21, 2011}}</ref> On October 4, 2011, Apple unveiled the [[iPhone 4S]], which was first released on October 14, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://osxdaily.com/2011/10/05/iphone-4s-availability/|title=iPhone 4S Availability|publisher=OS X Daily|accessdate=October 19, 2011}}</ref> It features the [[Apple A5]] processor and [[Siri]] voice assistant technology, the latter of which Apple had acquired in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com/blog/semantic-web/siri-acquired-by-apple-iphone-becomes-the-virtual-personal-assistant/371 |title=Siri acquired by Apple; iPhone becomes the Virtual Personal Assistant? |publisher=[[ZDNet]] |accessdate=October 19, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20111016084743/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/semantic-web/siri-acquired-by-apple-iphone-becomes-the-virtual-personal-assistant/371 |archivedate=October 16, 2011 }}</ref> It also features an updated 8MP camera with new optics. Apple began a new [[accessibility]] feature, Made for iPhone [[Hearing aid|Hearing Aids]] with the iPhone 4S.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT202186|title=About Hearing Aid Compatibility (HAC) requirements for iPhone - Apple Support|website=support.apple.com|access-date=2016-04-03}}</ref> Made for iPhone Hearing Aids feature Live Listen, it can help you hear a conversation in a noisy room or hear someone speaking across the room.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT203990|title=Use Live Listen with Made for iPhone hearing aids - Apple Support|website=support.apple.com|access-date=2016-04-03}}</ref> Apple sold 4 million iPhone 4S phones in the first three days of availability.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/10/17iPhone-4S-First-Weekend-Sales-Top-Four-Million.html|title=iPhone 4S First Weekend Sales Top Four Million|publisher=Apple Inc.|accessdate=October 14, 2011}}</ref>
On September 12, 2012, Apple introduced the [[iPhone 5]].<ref>[http://www.statista.com/topics/870/iphone/ Statistics and Facts about the iPhone]. [[Statista]], April 2013.</ref> It has a 4-inch display, 4G LTE connectivity, and the upgraded [[Apple A6]] chip, among several other improvements.<ref>{{cite news|title=iPhone 5 is World's Best-Selling Smartphone|work=[[PC Magazine]]| first= Angela| last = Moscartello| date= February 20, 2013}}</ref> Two million iPhones were sold in the first twenty-four hours of pre-ordering<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2012/09/17iPhone-5-Pre-Orders-Top-Two-Million-in-First-24-Hours.html|title=iPhone 5 Pre-Orders Top Two Million in First 24 Hours|publisher=Apple Inc.|accessdate=January 1, 2013}}</ref> and over five million handsets were sold in the first three days of its launch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2012/09/24iPhone-5-First-Weekend-Sales-Top-Five-Million.html|title=iPhone 5 First Weekend Sales Top Five Million|publisher=Apple Inc.|accessdate=January 1, 2013}}</ref> Upon the launch of the [[iPhone 5S]] and [[iPhone 5C]], Apple set a new record for first-weekend smartphone sales by selling over nine million devices in the first three days of its launch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/09/23/225418022/apple-sells-9-million-new-iphones-in-opening-weekend|title=Apple Sells 9 Million New iPhones In Opening Weekend|publisher=[[NPR]].|accessdate=September 23, 2013}}</ref> The release of the iPhone 5S and 5C was the first time that Apple simultaneously launched two models.<ref>{{cite news|title=Apple polishes forecast after selling 9 million new iPhones|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/23/us-apple-iphone-idUSBRE98J0LD20130923|accessdate=September 24, 2013|newspaper=Reuters|date=September 23, 2013|author=Poornima Gupta|author2=Jennifer Saba}}</ref>
A patent filed in July 2013 revealed the development of a new iPhone battery system that uses location data in combination with data on the user's habits to moderate the handsets power settings accordingly. Apple is working towards a power management system that will provide features such as the ability of the iPhone to estimate the length of time a user will be away from a power source to modify energy usage and a detection function that adjusts the charging rate to best suit the type of power source that is being used.<ref>{{cite web|title=Main Event Page gadgets Comment 1 inShare36 Apple Working On Location-Aware Battery Management For iPhone|url=http://techcrunch.com/2013/07/25/apple-working-on-location-aware-battery-management-for-iphone/?ncid=tcdaily|work=[[TechCrunch]]|publisher=[[AOL Inc]]|accessdate=July 25, 2013|author=Darrell Etherington|date=July 26, 2013}}</ref>
In a March 2014 interview, Apple designer [[Jonathan Ive]] used the iPhone as an example of Apple's ethos of creating high-quality, life-changing products. He explained that the phones are comparatively expensive due to the intensive effort that is used to make them:
{{quote|text=We don’t take so long and make the way we make for fiscal reasons ... Quite the reverse. The body is made from a single piece of machined aluminium ... The whole thing is polished first to a mirror finish and then is very finely textured, except for the Apple logo. The chamfers [smoothed-off edges] are cut with diamond-tipped cutters. The cutters don’t usually last very long, so we had to figure out a way of mass-manufacturing long-lasting ones. The camera cover is sapphire crystal. Look at the details around the sim-card slot. It’s extraordinary!<ref name="Time">{{cite news|title=Jonathan Ive Designs Tomorrow|url=http://time.com/jonathan-ive-apple-interview/|work=Time|publisher=Time Inc|accessdate=22 March 2014|author=John Arlidge|date=17 March 2014}}</ref>}}
On September 9, 2014, Apple introduced the [[iPhone 6]], alongside the [[iPhone 6 Plus]] that both have screen sizes over 4-inches.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cunningham|first1=Andrew|title=Apple announces iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus|url=http://arstechnica.com/apple/2014/09/apple-announces-iphone-6-iphone-6-plus/|website=[[Ars Technica]]|publisher=[[Condé Nast]]|accessdate=December 28, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911135020/http://arstechnica.com/apple/2014/09/apple-announces-iphone-6-iphone-6-plus/|archivedate=September 11, 2014|deadurl=no|location=Cupertino, California|date=September 9, 2014}}</ref> One year later, Apple introduced the [[iPhone 6S]], and [[iPhone 6S Plus]], which introduced a new technology called 3D Touch, including an increase of the rear camera to 12 MP, and the FaceTime camera to 5 MP.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cunningham|first1=Andrew|title=Apple announces iPhone 6S and 6S Plus for $199 and $299 on-contract|url=http://arstechnica.com/apple/2015/09/apple-announces-the-iphone-6s-and-6s-plus/|website=[[Ars Technica]]|publisher=[[Condé Nast]]|accessdate=December 28, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910053947/http://arstechnica.com/apple/2015/09/apple-announces-the-iphone-6s-and-6s-plus/|archivedate=September 10, 2015|deadurl=no|location=San Francisco, California|date=September 9, 2015}}</ref> On March 21, 2016, Apple introduced the [[iPhone SE]] that has a 4-inch size last used with the 5S and has the same internal hardware as the 6S.<ref name="guardian-seunveil">{{cite news|title=Apple iPhone SE launch: key points at a glance|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/mar/21/apple-iphone-se-launch-key-points-at-a-glance|accessdate=March 21, 2016|work=The Guardian}}</ref>
===iPad===
{{Main|iPad}}
On January 27, 2010, Apple introduced their much-anticipated media [[tablet computer|tablet]], the [[iPad]], which runs a modified version of iOS. It offers multi-touch interaction with multimedia formats including newspapers, e-books, photos, videos, music, word processing documents, video games, and most existing iPhone apps using a 9.7-inch screen.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/01/27ipad.html| title = Apple Launches iPad| date = January 27, 2010| accessdate =January 27, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100130164228/http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/01/27ipad.html?| archivedate= January 30, 2010| deadurl= no}}</ref> It also includes a mobile version of [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] for web browsing, as well as access to the App Store, [[iTunes]] Library, [[iBookstore]], Contacts, and Notes. Content is downloadable via [[Wi-Fi]] and optional [[3G]] service or synced through the user's computer.<ref name = "MacRumors-iPad-event">{{cite web | url = http://www.macrumors.com/2010/01/27/apple-tablet-media-event-today-come-see-our-latest-creation/ | title = Apple Tablet Media Event Today: "Come See Our Latest Creation" | publisher = MacRumors | date = January 27, 2010 | accessdate =January 27, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100130142222/http://www.macrumors.com/2010/01/27/apple-tablet-media-event-today-come-see-our-latest-creation/| archivedate= January 30, 2010| deadurl= no}}</ref> [[AT&T Inc.|AT&T]] was initially the sole U.S. provider of 3G wireless access for the iPad.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/188149/atandt_beefing_up_network_for_ipad_and_iphone.html| title = AT&T Beefing Up Network for iPad and iPhone| work = [[PC World (magazine)|PC World]]| date = January 29, 2010| accessdate =January 29, 2010 | author = Tony Bradley| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100201014134/http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/188149/atandt_beefing_up_network_for_ipad_and_iphone.html| archivedate= February 1, 2010| deadurl= no}}</ref>
On March 2, 2011, Apple introduced the [[iPad 2]], which had a faster processor and a camera on the front and back. It also added support for optional 3G service provided by [[Verizon Wireless|Verizon]] in addition to [[AT&T Inc.|AT&T]].<ref name=nytimes-ipad2>{{cite news|last=Helft|first=Miguel|title=Jobs Returns to Introduce a New iPad|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/03/technology/03apple.html|accessdate=March 23, 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 2, 2011}}</ref> The availability of the iPad 2 was initially limited as a result of a devastating [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|earthquake and tsunami]] in Japan in March 2011.<ref>{{cite web|last=Martin |first=Mel |url=http://www.tuaw.com/2011/03/18/ipad-2-supply-line-affected-by-japan-disaster/ |title=iPad 2 supply line affected by Japan disaster |work=TUAW – The Unofficial Apple Weblog |date=March 18, 2011 |accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref>
The third-generation iPad was released on March 7, 2012 and marketed as "[[iPad (third generation)|the new iPad]]". It added [[3GPP Long Term Evolution|LTE]] service from AT&T or Verizon, an upgraded [[A5X]] processor, and Retina display. The dimensions and form factor remained relatively unchanged, with the new iPad being a fraction thicker and heavier than the previous version and featuring minor positioning changes.<ref>[https://www.apple.com/ipad/specs/ The new iPad – View all the technical specifications]. Apple Inc. Retrieved February 7, 2013.</ref>
On October 23, 2012, Apple's fourth-generation iPad came out, marketed as the "[[iPad (fourth generation)|iPad with Retina display]]". It added the upgraded [[A6X]] processor and replaced the traditional 30-pin dock connector with the all-digital [[Lightning (connector)|Lightning connector]].<ref>[https://www.apple.com/ipad/features/ iPad – Features]. Apple Inc. Retrieved February 7, 2013.</ref> The [[iPad Mini]] was also introduced. It featured a reduced 7.9-inch display and much of the same internal specifications as the iPad 2.<ref>[https://www.apple.com/ipad-mini/features/ iPad Mini – Features]. Apple Inc. Retrieved February 7, 2013.</ref>
On October 22, 2013, Apple introduced the [[iPad Air]] and the iPad Mini with Retina Display, both featuring a new 64-bit Apple A7 processor.<ref name="iPad">{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/ipad/ |title=iPad |publisher=Apple |date= |accessdate=January 1, 2014}}</ref>
The [[iPad Air 2]] was unveiled on October 16, 2014. It added better graphics and central processing and a camera burst mode as well as minor updates. The [[iPad Mini 3]] was unveiled at the same time.<ref name="iPad"/>
Since its launch, iPad users have downloaded over three billion apps. The total number of App Store downloads, {{as of|2015|06|lc=y}}, is over 100 billion.<ref name="100bill">{{cite web|url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/6/8/8739611/apple-wwdc-2015-stats-update| title=Apple's App Store has passed 100 billion app downloads |author=Nathan Ingraham |work=[[The Verge]] |date=June 9, 2015}}</ref>
On September 9, 2015, Apple announced the [[iPad Pro]], an iPad with a 12.9-inch display that supports two new accessories, the [[Smart Keyboard]] and [[Apple Pencil]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Geuss|first1=Megan|title=Apple’s new iPad Pro is an expansive 12.9 inches, available in November|url=http://arstechnica.com/apple/2015/09/apples-new-ipad-2-pro-is-an-expansive-12-9-inches/|website=[[Ars Technica]]|publisher=[[Condé Nast]]|accessdate=March 30, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910063300/http://arstechnica.com/apple/2015/09/apples-new-ipad-2-pro-is-an-expansive-12-9-inches/|archivedate=September 10, 2015|deadurl=no|date=September 9, 2015}}</ref> A 9.7-inch iPad Pro was announced on March 21, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Machkovech|first1=Sam|title=Behold, the new iPad Pro—now 9.7 inches with "True Tone" display|url=http://arstechnica.com/apple/2016/03/behold-the-new-ipad-pro-now-9-7-inches-with-true-tone-display/|website=[[Ars Technica]]|publisher=[[Condé Nast]]|accessdate=March 30, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321200011/http://arstechnica.com/apple/2016/03/behold-the-new-ipad-pro-now-9-7-inches-with-true-tone-display/|archivedate=March 21, 2016|deadurl=no|location=Cupertino, California|date=March 21, 2016}}</ref>
===Apple Watch===
{{Main|Apple Watch}}
[[File:Apple Watch-.jpg|thumb|right|The Apple Watch quickly became the best-selling wearable device, with the shipment of 11.4 million smart watches in the first half of 2015, according to analyst firm Canalys.<ref>{{cite web|title = Apple Watch is 'world's best selling wearable' with 4.2 million shifted in Q2|url = http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2418517/apple-watch-is-worlds-best-selling-wearable-with-42-million-shifted-in-q2}}</ref>]]
The Apple Watch [[smartwatch]] was launched by Cook on September 9, 2014, and released on April 24, 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Apple Watch: available 24 April for between $349 and $17,000|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/mar/09/apple-watch-available-april-24-for-between-349-and-10000|accessdate=March 10, 2015|publisher=The Guardian|date=March 9, 2015}}</ref> The wearable device consists of fitness-tracking capabilities that are similar to [[Fitbit]], and must be used in combination with an iPhone to work (only the [[iPhone 5]], or later models, are compatible with the Apple Watch).<ref name=pressrelease>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2014/09/09Apple-Unveils-Apple-Watch-Apples-Most-Personal-Device-Ever.html|title=Press Release – Apple Unveils Apple Watch|publisher=Apple|accessdate=September 10, 2014}}</ref><ref name=applewatchtech>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/watch/technology|title=Apple – Apple Watch – Technology|publisher=Apple|date=|accessdate=September 10, 2014}}</ref><ref name=theverge>{{cite web|url=http://live.theverge.com/apple-iphone-iwatch-live-blog|title=The Verge live blog|work=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]|date=September 9, 2014|accessdate=September 10, 2014}}</ref>
===Apple TV===
{{Main|Apple TV}}
At the 2007 Macworld conference, Jobs demonstrated the [[Apple TV]] (previously known as the iTV),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2006/sep/12itunes7.html |title=Apple Announces iTunes 7 with Amazing New Features |publisher=Apple.com |date=September 12, 2006 |accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref> a set-top video device intended to bridge the sale of content from iTunes with high-definition televisions. The device links up to a user's TV and syncs, either via Wi-Fi or a wired network, with one computer's iTunes library and streams content from an additional four. The Apple TV originally incorporated a 40 GB hard drive for storage, included outputs for [[HDMI]] and [[component video]], and played video at a maximum resolution of [[720p]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2007/01/09appletv.html |title= Apple TV Coming to Your Living Room |publisher=Apple.com |date=January 9, 2007 |accessdate= October 7, 2011}}</ref> On May 31, 2007, a 160 GB hard disk drive was released alongside the existing 40 GB model.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2007/05/30appletv.html |title=YouTube Coming to Apple TV |publisher=Apple.com |accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref> A software update released on January 15, 2008 allowed media to be purchased directly from the Apple TV.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2008/01/15appletv.html |title=Apple Introduces New Apple TV Software & Lowers Price to $229 |publisher=Apple.com |date=January 15, 2008 |accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref>
In September 2009, Apple discontinued the original 40 GB Apple TV and now continues to produce and sell the 160 GB Apple TV. On September 1, 2010, Apple released a completely redesigned Apple TV. The new device is 1/4 the size, runs quieter, and replaces the need for a hard drive with media streaming from any iTunes library on the network along with 8 GB of [[flash memory]] to [[cache (computing)|cache]] media downloaded. Like the iPad and the iPhone, Apple TV runs on an A4 processor. The memory included in the device is half of that in the [[iPhone 4]] at 256 MB; the same as the iPad, iPhone 3GS, third and fourth-generation [[iPod Touch]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engadget.com/2010/09/29/apple-tv-teardown-reveals-8gb-flash-storage-256mb-ram/|first=Ross |last=Miller|title=Apple TV teardown reveals 8GB flash storage, 256MB RAM, leftover iPad parts|date=September 29, 2010|accessdate=October 31, 2010|publisher=AOL |work=[[Engadget]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101002001956/http://www.engadget.com/2010/09/29/apple-tv-teardown-reveals-8gb-flash-storage-256mb-ram/| archivedate= October 2, 2010| deadurl= no}}</ref>
It has HDMI out as the only video out source. Features include access to the iTunes Store to rent movies and TV shows (purchasing has been discontinued), streaming from internet video sources, including [[YouTube]] and [[Netflix]], and media streaming from an iTunes library. Apple also reduced the price of the device to $99. A third generation of the device was introduced at an Apple event on March 7, 2012, with new features such as higher resolution (1080p) and a new user interface.
At the September 9, 2015 event, Apple unveiled an overhauled Apple TV, which now runs a variant of OS X, [[tvOS]], and contains 32GB or 64 GB of NAND Flash to store games, programs, and to cache the current media playing. The release also coincided with the opening of a separate Apple TV App Store and a new [[Siri Remote]] with a glass [[touchpad]], [[gyroscope]] and [[microphone]].
===Software===
{{See also|List of Macintosh software}}
[[File:WWDC 2011 Moscone West Exterior.jpg|thumb|[[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference]] is held annually by Apple to showcase its new software and technologies for software developers.]]
Apple develops its own [[operating system]] to run on Macs, [[OS X]], the latest version being [[OS X El Capitan]] (version 10.11). Apple also independently develops computer software titles for its OS X operating system. Much of the software Apple develops is bundled with its computers. An example of this is the consumer-oriented iLife software package that bundles [[iMovie]], [[iPhoto]] and [[GarageBand]]. For presentation, page layout and word processing, [[iWork]] is available, which includes [[Keynote (presentation software)|Keynote]], [[Pages (iWork)|Pages]], and [[Numbers (software)|Numbers]]. iTunes, [[QuickTime]] media player, and [[Software Update]] are available as free downloads for both OS X and [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]].
Apple also offers a range of professional software titles. Their range of server software includes the operating system [[OS X Server]]; [[Apple Remote Desktop]], a remote systems management application; and [[Xsan]], a [[Storage Area Network]] file system. For the professional creative market, there is [[Final Cut Pro]], a video production suite; [[Logic Pro]], a comprehensive music toolkit; and [[Motion (software)|Motion]], an advanced effects composition program.
Apple also offers online services with [[iCloud]], which provides cloud storage and syncing for a wide range of data, including email, contacts, calendars, photos and documents. It also offers iOS device backup, and is able to integrate directly with third-party apps for even greater functionality. iCloud is the fourth generation of online services provided by Apple, and was preceded by [[MobileMe]], .Mac and iTools, all which met varying degrees of success.
===Electric vehicles===
{{Main|Apple electric car project}}
According to the ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]'', Apple wants to start producing an [[electric car]] with [[autonomous driving]] as soon as 2020. Apple has made efforts to recruit battery development engineers and other electric automobile engineers from [[A123 Systems]], [[LG Chem]], [[Samsung Electronics]], [[Panasonic]], [[Toshiba]], [[Johnson Controls]] and [[Tesla Motors]].<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/business/apple-wants-to-start-making-cars-as-soon-as-2020-20150220-13k4bj.html Apple wants to start making cars as soon as 2020], Tim Higgins, ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]''</ref>
=== Energy Production ===
Apple Energy, LLC is a wholly owned subsidiary of Apple Inc. that sells [[solar energy]]. The company is registered in [[Delaware]] but run from its Cupertino headquarters. The company was formed to allow it to sell excess electricity generated by its [[Photovoltaic power station|solar farms]] in Cupertino and [[Nevada]], with plans to sell [[electricity]] across the United States. Apple’s Cupertino Campus 2 Photovoltaics are rated at 14 [[megawatts]] alone. Currently, when most companies sell their excess power, they can only do so to energy companies often (varies by state) sell it at wholesale rates. Apple's intent in creating this subsidiary is to sell directly to end-users at market rates to be compensated retail prices for its excess power. As of June 6, 2016, Apple's solar farms in California and Nevada, have been declared to provide 217.9 megawatts of solar generation capacity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://electrek.co/2016/06/10/apple-energy-deeper-dive-is-this-apple-running-its-own-microgrids-or-more/|title=Apple Energy deeper dive: Is this Apple running its own microgrids or more?|last=Weaver|first=John Fitzgerald|date=2016-06-10|website=Electrek|access-date=2016-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://9to5mac.com/2016/06/09/apple-energy-company/|title=Apple has just become an energy company, looks to sell excess electricity into the grid and maybe more|last=Weintraub|first=Seth|date=2016-06-09|website=9to5Mac|access-date=2016-06-12}}</ref>
In addition to the company's solar energy production, Apple has been given the official approval to construct a [[Landfill gas utilization|landfill gas energy plant]] in North Carolina. In Apple’s case, it will use fuel cells to generate electricity from the gas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hickoryrecord.com/news/catawba-county-approves-lease-for-apple-s-renewable-energy-center/article_cf451340-2e81-11e6-8ea5-17ea0e23e19c.html|title=Catawba County approves lease for Apple’s renewable energy center|website=HDR {{!}} Hickory Daily Record|access-date=2016-06-12}}</ref> Apple has a major data center in North Carolina which is already powered entirely by renewable energy, using a mix of solar panels and biogas cells.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://9to5mac.com/2014/04/24/lisa-jackson-gives-nbcs-today-a-look-inside-of-apples-north-carolina-data-center/|title=Lisa Jackson gives NBC’s Today a look inside of Apple’s North Carolina data center|last=Beasley|first=Mike|date=2014-04-25|website=9to5Mac|access-date=2016-06-12}}</ref>
Apple has told the [[FERC]] that it meets the legal criteria for selling electricity at market rates because it is not a major player in the energy business and thus has no power to influence electricity prices. It has requested permission begin within 60 days of its filing on June 6, 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://9to5mac.com/2016/06/10/apple-energy-landfill-gas-electricity/|title=As Apple moves into the energy business, it gets approval to turn landfill gas into power|last=Lovejoy|first=Ben|date=2016-06-10|website=9to5Mac|access-date=2016-06-12}}</ref>
==Corporate identity==
===Logo===
{{see also|Typography of Apple Inc.}}
{{redirect|Apple logo|the programming language|Apple Logo}}
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 100
| image1 = Apple first logo.png
| caption1 = First Apple logo (April 1, 1976, Prototype)
| image2 = Apple Computer Logo rainbow.svg
| caption2 = First official Apple logo used from April 1977<ref>{{cite web|url=http://robjanoff.com/applelogo/ |title=Worlds Best Logo Designer – Logo Designing – Logo Design – Logo Designer |work=robjanoff.com |accessdate=April 3, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20150327005907/http://robjanoff.com/applelogo/ |archivedate=March 27, 2015 }}</ref> to 1998.
| image3 = Apple logo black.svg
| caption3 = Current Apple logo since 1998.<ref name="web.archive.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19990827174523/http://www.apple.com/|archivedate=August 27, 1999 |title=Apple Computer |publisher=Web.archive.org |date=August 27, 1999 |accessdate=January 1, 2014}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=September 2015}}
}}
According to Steve Jobs, the company's name was inspired by his visit to an apple farm while on a [[fruitarian]] diet. Jobs thought the name "Apple" was "fun, spirited and not intimidating".<ref>{{cite news|title=Steve Jobs bio says Apple CEO abhorred 'corrupt' execs|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2011/10/20/steve-jobs-bio.html|accessdate=October 21, 2011|newspaper=CBC News|date=October 20, 2011}}</ref>
Apple's first logo, designed by Ron Wayne, depicts [[Sir Isaac Newton]] sitting under an apple tree. It was almost immediately replaced by [[Rob Janoff]]'s "rainbow Apple", the now-familiar rainbow-colored silhouette of an apple with a bite taken out of it. Janoff presented Jobs with several different monochromatic themes for the "bitten" logo, and Jobs immediately took a liking to it. However, Jobs insisted that the logo be colorized to humanize the company.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.wired.com/gadgets/mac/news/2003/09/60597|title=Wired News: Apple Doin' the Logo-Motion | date=September 26, 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zlok.net/blog/2009/03/29/i-invented-the-apple-logo/|title=ZLOK Logo Design Blog: I Invented ... the Apple Logo}}</ref> The logo was designed with a bite so that it would not be confused with a cherry.<ref name="creativebits_interview">{{cite web|url=http://creativebits.org/interview/interview_rob_janoff_designer_apple_logo|title= Interview with Rob Janoff, designer of the Apple logo|first=Ivan|last=Raszl}}</ref> The colored stripes were conceived to make the logo more accessible, and to represent the fact the Apple II could generate graphics in color.<ref name="creativebits_interview" /> This logo is often erroneously referred to as a tribute to [[Alan Turing]], with the bite mark a reference to [[Alan Turing#Death|his method of suicide]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/logos-that-became-legends-icons-from-the-world-of-advertising-768077.html |title=Logos that became legends: Icons from the world of advertising |location=UK |work=The Independent |accessdate=September 14, 2009 | date=January 4, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20091003003651/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/logos-that-became-legends-icons-from-the-world-of-advertising-768077.html| archivedate= October 3, 2009| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unisourcedesign.ca/en/archive_design_technology.html_1.html |title=Archived Interview with Rob Janoff |date=March 14, 2005 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20050314132032/http://www.unisourcedesign.ca:80/en/archive_design_technology.html_1.html |archivedate=March 14, 2005 }}</ref> Both Janoff and Apple deny any homage to Turing in the design of the logo.<ref name="creativebits_interview"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Leavitt|first=David|title=The Man Who Knew Too Much; Alan Turing and the invention of the computer|year=2007|page=280|location=Phoenix|isbn=978-0-7538-2200-5}}</ref>
On August 27, 1999<ref name="web.archive.org"/> (the year following the introduction of the [[iMac G3]]), Apple officially dropped the rainbow scheme and began to use monochromatic logos nearly identical in shape to the previous rainbow incarnation. An [[Aqua (user interface)|Aqua]]-themed version of the monochrome logo was used from 1999 to 2003, and a glass-themed version was used from 2007 to 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thebrainfever.com/apple/the-lost-apple-logos-you-ve-never-seen|title=theBrainFever|work=thebrainfever.com}}</ref>
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak were [[The Beatles|Beatles]] fans,<ref>{{cite news | last = Moses | first = Asher | title = Who was Steve Jobs the man? |work=The Age | location=Melbourne | url = http://www.theage.com.au/technology/technology-news/who-was-steve-jobs-the-man-20111007-1lcrx.html | accessdate =October 7, 2011 | date=October 7, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Tearful memories for Apple co-founder |work=The Age | location=Melbourne | url = http://media.theage.com.au/news/world-news/tearful-memories-for-apple-cofounder-2675550.html | accessdate =October 7, 2011}}</ref> but Apple Inc. had name and logo trademark issues with [[Apple Corps|Apple Corps Ltd.]], a multimedia company started by the Beatles in 1967. This resulted in a [[Apple Corps v Apple Computer|series of lawsuits]] and tension between the two companies. These issues ended with settling of their most recent lawsuit in 2007.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}
===Advertising===
{{main|Apple Inc. advertising}}
Apple's first slogan, "[[Byte]] into an Apple", was coined in the late 1970s.<ref>{{cite web| title = Apple Company| work = Operating System Documentation Project| publisher = Operating System Documentation Project| date = December 10, 2007| url = http://www.operating-system.org/betriebssystem/_english/fa-apple.htm| accessdate =August 18, 2008 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080921095608/http://www.operating-system.org/betriebssystem/_english/fa-apple.htm| archivedate= September 21, 2008| deadurl= no}}</ref> From 1997 to 2002, the slogan "[[Think Different]]" was used in advertising campaigns, and is still closely associated with Apple.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theinspirationroom.com/daily/2005/apple-think-different|title=Apple Think Different Campaign | work=The Inspiration Room Daily|accessdate=August 12, 2008}}</ref> Apple also has slogans for specific product lines — for example, "iThink, therefore iMac" was used in 1998 to promote the iMac,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wap.org/tours/macworldny/ithink.html|title=MacWorld New York: I think, therefore iMac|accessdate=August 13, 2008}}</ref> and "Say hello to iPhone" has been used in iPhone advertisements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://billday.com/2007/06/29/say-hello-to-iphone/|title=BillDay.com " Say hello to iPhone|accessdate=August 13, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080907003704/http://billday.com/2007/06/29/say-hello-to-iphone/| archivedate= September 7, 2008| deadurl= no}}</ref> "Hello" was also used to introduce the original Macintosh, [[Newton (platform)|Newton]], iMac ("hello (again)"), and iPod.<ref>[http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2002/01/49652 IMac: What's in a Design, Anyway?] {{wayback|url=http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2002/01/49652 |date=20140304092046 }}. ''[[Wired Magazine]]''. Retrieved February 15, 2010.</ref>
From the introduction of the Macintosh in 1984 with the [[1984 (television commercial)|1984 Super Bowl commercial]] to the more modern '[[Get a Mac]]' adverts, Apple has been recognized in for its efforts towards effective advertising and marketing for its products. However, claims made by later campaigns [[Apple Inc. advertising#Criticism|were criticized]], particularly the 2005 Power Mac ads.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.devproconnections.com/article/apple/bbb-tells-apple-to-halt-misleading-ads.aspx |title=BBB Tells Apple to Halt Misleading Ads |publisher=DevPro |date=March 29, 2004 |accessdate=February 8, 2013 }}{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3797261.stm|title=Apple Power Mac ads 'misleading' |work=BBC News | date=June 11, 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computing.co.uk/vnunet/news/2192019/asa-clears-apple-ads|title=UK watchdog clears Apple ads}}{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Apple's product commercials gained a lot of attention as a result of their eye-popping graphics and catchy tunes.<ref name="Daily News">Farber, Jim. [http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music/2008/03/11/2008-03-11_apple_ad_creates_recognition_for_yael_na.html Apple ad creates recognition for Yael Naim], ''[[New York Daily News]]'', March 11, 2008.</ref> Musicians who benefited from an improved profile as a result of their songs being included on Apple commercials include Canadian singer [[Feist (singer)|Feist]] with the song "[[1234 (Feist song)|1234]]" and [[Yael Naim|Yael Naïm]] with the song "[[New Soul]]".<ref name="Daily News" />
===Brand loyalty===
[[File:Ifc shanghai Apple Store.jpg|thumb|Apple aficionados wait in line around the Apple Store in anticipation of a new product.]]
{{Quote box|width=30%|quote="The scenes I witnessed at the opening of the new Apple store in London's [[Covent Garden]] were more like an evangelical prayer meeting than a chance to buy a phone or a laptop."|source=—[[Alex Riley (comedian)|Alex Riley]], writing for the BBC<ref name="riley1">{{cite news|last=Riley |first=Alex |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-13416598 |title=BBC News – Superbrands' success fuelled by sex, religion and gossip |publisher=BBC |date=May 16, 2011 |accessdate=December 28, 2011}}</ref>
}}
Apple's high level of [[brand loyalty]] is considered unusual for any product. [[Apple evangelist]]s were actively engaged by the company at one time, but this was after the phenomenon had already been firmly established. Apple [[Evangelism marketing|evangelist]] [[Guy Kawasaki]] has called the brand fanaticism "something that was stumbled upon,"<ref>{{cite web|author1=Huba, Jackie |author2=McConnell, Ben |url=http://www.creatingcustomerevangelists.com/resources/evangelists/guy_kawasaki.asp |title=The father of evangelism marketing |publisher=Church of the Customer |accessdate=February 12, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20130116035727/http://www.creatingcustomerevangelists.com/resources/evangelists/guy_kawasaki.asp |archivedate=January 16, 2013 }}</ref> while Ive explained in 2014 that "People have an incredibly personal relationship" with Apple's products.<ref name="Time" /> [[Apple Store]] openings can draw crowds of thousands, with some waiting in line as much as a day before the opening or flying in from other countries for the event.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/news/2003/12/61513 |title=Apple Store: Chain of Devotion |work=Wired |author=Kahney, Leander |date=December 10, 2003 |accessdate=November 29, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20100730095254/http://www.wired.com:80/gadgets/mac/news/2003/12/61513 |archivedate=July 30, 2010 }}</ref> The opening of [[New York City]]'s [[Fifth Avenue]] "Cube" store had a line half a mile long; a few Mac fans used the setting to propose marriage.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifoapplestore.com/stores/fifth_avenue/index.html |title=ifo Apple Store – Fifth Avenue Grand Opening |publisher=Ifoapplestore.com |accessdate=October 7, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20110927210715/http://www.ifoapplestore.com/stores/fifth_avenue/index.html |archivedate=September 27, 2011 }}</ref> The line for the [[Ginza]] opening in Tokyo was estimated to include thousands of people and exceeded eight city blocks.<ref>{{cite web|title=Apple in Osaka: another huge opening|url=http://www.japanconsuming.com/news/040828.html|publisher=JapanConsuming|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528200249/http://www.japanconsuming.com/news/040828.html|archivedate=May 28, 2008}}</ref> The high level of brand loyalty has been criticized and ridiculed, applying the epithet "[[Apple fanboy]]" and mocking the lengthy lines before a product launch.<ref>{{cite news<!--no byline-->|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/apr/08/confessions-of-an-apple-fanboy-im-going-to-miss-the-queues|title=Confessions of an Apple fanboy: I'm going to miss the queues|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=April 8, 2015|accessdate=January 8, 2016}}</ref> An internal memo leaked in 2015 suggested the company planned to discourage long lines and direct customers to purchase its products on its website.<ref>{{cite news|first=Samuel|last=Gibbs|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/apr/07/apple-store-queue-dead-leaked-memo|title=Is the Apple queue dead? A leaked memo suggests it could be|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=April 7, 2015|accessdate=January 8, 2016}}</ref>
''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' magazine named Apple the most admired company in the United States in 2008, and in the world from 2008 to 2012.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Fisher | first = Anne | title = America's Most Admired Companies | journal = [[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | volume = 157 | issue = 5 | pages = 65–67 | date = March 17, 2008 | url = http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2008/fortune/0802/gallery.mostadmired_top20.fortune/index.html | ref = harv}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Colvin | first = Geoff | title = The World's Most Admired Companies 2009 | journal = [[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | volume = 159 | issue = 5 | page = 76 | date = March 16, 2009 | url = http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/mostadmired/2009/full_list/ | ref = harv }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url = http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/mostadmired/2010/snapshots/670.html | title = World's Most Admired Companies | journal = [[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=March 2010 | accessdate =March 7, 2010 | ref = harv| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100307092117/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/mostadmired/2010/snapshots/670.html| archivedate= March 7, 2010| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url = http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/mostadmired/2011/snapshots/670.html | title = World's Most Admired Companies | journal = [[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=Nov 2011 | accessdate =November 10, 2011 | ref = harv}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The World's Most Admired Companies|journal=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|date=March 19, 2012|volume=165|issue=4|pages=139–140|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/most-admired/2012/snapshots/670.html?iid=splwinners}}</ref> On September 30, 2013, Apple surpassed [[Coca-Cola]] to become the world's most valuable brand in the [[Omnicom Group]]'s "Best Global Brands" report.<ref>{{cite news|title=Apple Passes Coca-Cola as Most Valuable Brand|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/30/business/media/apple-passes-coca-cola-as-most-valuable-brand.html?_r=2&|accessdate=October 21, 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 29, 2013|author=Stuart Elliot}}</ref> [[Boston Consulting Group]] has ranked Apple as the world's most innovative brand every year since 2005.<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2013/09/27/is-apple-the-worlds-most-innovative-company-still/ Is Apple The World's Most Innovative Company (Still)?], ''Forbes'', September 27, 2013</ref>
John Sculley told ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper in 1997: "People talk about technology, but Apple was a marketing company. It was the marketing company of the decade."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.wired.com/gadgets/mac/commentary/cultofmac/2002/12/56677 |title=Wired News: Apple: It's All About the Brand |date=December 4, 2002 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20141113074638/http://archive.wired.com/gadgets/mac/commentary/cultofmac/2002/12/56677 |archivedate=November 13, 2014 }}</ref> Research in 2002 by [[Nielsen Online|NetRatings]] indicate that the average Apple consumer was usually more affluent and better educated than other PC company consumers. The research indicated that this correlation could stem from the fact that on average Apple Inc. products were more expensive than other PC products.<ref>[[Ian Fried (writer)|Fried, Ian]]. [http://news.cnet.com/2100-1040-943519.html?hhTest=1 Are Mac users smarter?], ''[[news.com]]'', July 12, 2002. Retrieved April 24, 2006.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Computer Ownership Statistics|url=http://www.npd.com/press/releases/press_091005.html|publisher=The NPD Group|accessdate=November 22, 2010|date=October 5, 2009}}</ref>
In response to a query about the devotion of loyal Apple consumers, Jonathan Ive responded:
<blockquote>
What people are responding to is much bigger than the object. They are responding to something rare—a group of people who do more than simply make something work, they make the very best products they possibly can. It’s a demonstration against thoughtlessness and carelessness.<ref name="Time" /></blockquote>
===Home page===
The Apple website [[home page]] has been used to commemorate, or pay tribute to, milestones and events outside of Apple's product offerings:
*2016: [[Muhammad Ali]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://macdailynews.com/2016/06/05/apple-homepage-pays-tribute-to-muhammad-ali-the-greatest-of-all-time/|title=Apple homepage pays tribute to Muhammad Ali, The Greatest of All Time – MacDailyNews - Welcome Home|access-date=2016-06-05}}</ref>
*2016: [[William Campbell (business executive)|Bill Campbell]] (board member and friend)
* 2014: [[Robin Williams]]<ref>{{cite web|author1=Joe Berkowitz|title=APPLE'S MINIMALIST SALUTE TO ROBIN WILLIAMS SAYS ALL IT NEEDS TO|url=http://www.fastcocreate.com/3034326/image-of-the-day/apples-minimalist-salute-to-robin-williams-says-all-it-needs-to|website=Fast Company Co.Create|publisher=Mansueto Ventures, LLC|accessdate=September 15, 2014|date=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
* 2013: [[Nelson Mandela]]<ref>{{cite web|author1=Steve Kovach|title=Apple's Home Page Is A Tribute To Nelson Mandela|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/apple-nelson-mandela-home-page-2013-12|website=Business Insider|publisher=Business Insider, Inc|accessdate=September 15, 2014|date=December 7, 2013}}</ref>
* 2011: [[Steve Jobs]]<ref>{{cite news|author1=Nick Wingfield|title=With Steve Jobs Tribute, a Home Page Reflects Apple’s Founder Again|url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/05/with-steve-jobs-tribute-a-home-page-reflects-its-founder-again/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0|accessdate=September 15, 2014|work=The New York Times|date=October 5, 2012}}</ref>
* 2010: [[Jerry York (businessman)|Jerome B. York]] (board member)<ref>{{cite web|author1=Jennifer Van Grove|title=Apple Pays Tribute to Board Member Jerome B. York|url=http://mashable.com/2010/03/18/jerome-york-tribute/|website=Mashable|publisher=Mashable|date=March 18, 2010}}</ref>
* 2007: [[Al Gore]] (board member in honor of his [[2007 Nobel Peace Prize|Nobel Peace Prize]])<ref>{{cite web|author1=Jacqui Cheng|title=Apple "bursting with pride" over Al Gore’s Peace Prize|url=http://arstechnica.com/apple/2007/10/apple-bursting-with-pride-over-al-gores-peace-prize/|accessdate=December 12, 2015|work=ArsTechnica|date=October 12, 2007}}</ref>
* 2005: [[Rosa Parks]]<ref>{{cite web|author1=Ina Fried|title=Apple pays tribute to Rosa Parks|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/apple-pays-tribute-to-rosa-parks/|website=CNet|publisher=CBS Interactive Inc|accessdate=September 15, 2014|date=October 26, 2005}}</ref>
* 2003: [[Gregory Hines]]<ref>{{cite web|author1=Bryan Chaffin|title=Apple Remembers Gregory Hines With Think Different Home Page (With Screen Shot)|url=http://www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/Apple_Remembers_Gregory_Hines_With_Think_Different_Home_Page_With_Screen_Sh|website=The Mac Observer|publisher=The Mac Observer, Inc|accessdate=September 15, 2014|date=August 11, 2003}}</ref>
* 2001: [[George Harrison]]<ref>{{cite web|title=When Steve Jobs and Apple put George Harrison on the Apple.com homepage|url=http://www.edibleapple.com/2011/09/15/steve-jobs-george-harrison-apple-homepage/|website=Edible Apple|publisher=Edible Apple|accessdate=September 15, 2014|date=September 15, 2011}}</ref>
===Headquarters===
{{main|Apple Campus}}
Apple Inc.'s world corporate headquarters are located in the middle of [[Silicon Valley]], at 1–6 [[Infinite Loop (street)|Infinite Loop]], [[Cupertino, California|Cupertino]], California. This Apple campus has six buildings that total {{convert|850000|ft2|m2}} and was built in 1993 by Sobrato Development Cos.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://sanjose.bizjournals.com/sanjose/stories/2005/10/03/story4.html | first=Sharon | last=Simonson | title=Apple gobbles up Cupertino office space | date=October 2, 2005}}</ref>
Apple has a satellite campus in neighboring [[Sunnyvale, California]], where it houses a testing and research laboratory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_25809442/apple-plans-occupy-290-000-square-foot-office|title=2014: Apple to occupy seven-building Sunnyvale campus|work=mercurynews.com}}</ref> [[AppleInsider]] published article in March 2014 claiming that Apple has a tucked away a top-secret facility where is developing the SG5 electric vehicle project codenamed "Titan" under the shell company name [[SixtyEight Research]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/15/03/13/project-titan-sixtyeight-sg5-inside-apples-top-secret-electric-car-project|title=Project Titan, SixtyEight & SG5: Inside Apple's top-secret electric car project|work=appleinsider.com}}</ref>
In 2006, Apple announced its intention to build a second campus in Cupertino about {{convert|1|mi}} east of the current campus and next to Interstate 280.<ref>{{cite web | title = The Bay Area: Apple Inc | work = traveldk.com | publisher = Dorling Kindersley Limited | url = http://traveldk.com/san-francisco/bay-area/member/apple-inc | accessdate =May 7, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080618233109/http://traveldk.com/san-francisco/bay-area/member/apple-inc| archivedate= June 18, 2008| deadurl= no}}</ref> The new campus building will be designed by [[Norman Foster]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Apple's New Headquarters Will Be Designed by Norman Foster| work=Inhabitat | url= http://inhabitat.com/apples-new-headquarters-will-be-designed-by-norman-foster/ | accessdate =June 9, 2010}}</ref> The Cupertino City Council approved the proposed "spaceship" design campus on October 15, 2013, after a 2011 presentation by Jobs detailing the architectural design of the new building and its environs. The new campus is planned to house up to 13,000 employees in one central, four-storied, circular building surrounded by extensive landscape. It will feature a café with room for 3,000 sitting people and parking underground as well as in a parking structure. The 2.8 million square foot facility will also include Jobs's original designs for a fitness center and a corporate auditorium.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite news | title = Apple's 'spaceship' HQ gets green light from Cupertino | work=CNET Tech News | url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13579_3-57607733-37/apples-spaceship-hq-gets-green-light-from-cupertino/ | accessdate =November 1, 2013}}</ref>
Apple's headquarters for Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA) are located in [[Cork (city)|Cork]] in the south of [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]].<ref name="bbc17782206">{{cite news | title = Apple to create 500 jobs in Cork | work=BBC News | url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17782206 | accessdate =April 21, 2012 | date=April 20, 2012}}</ref><ref name="humphries1">{{cite news | title = Reuters News Article Discussing Addition of 500 new jobs to Apple's European Headquarters | work=Reuters | url= http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/04/20/us-apple-ireland-idUKBRE83J0PI20120420 | accessdate =April 21, 2012 | first=Conor | last=Humphries | date=April 20, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Job Description on Apple Website describing Apple's EMEA headquarters |work=Apple Website |url=http://www.apple.com/de/jobs/cork/cust_service.html |accessdate=April 18, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20070901082502/http://www.apple.com:80/de/jobs/cork/cust_service.html |archivedate=September 1, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Irish Independent Article Discussing Addition of 500 new jobs to Apple's EMEA Headquarters | work=Irish Independent | url= http://www.independent.ie/business/technology/apple-to-create-500-jobs-as-demand-for-products-soars-3087871.html | accessdate =April 21, 2012 | first1=Ralph | last1=Riegel | first2=Anne-Marie | last2=Walsh | date=April 21, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Article from the Irish Examiner Describing Cork as Apple's European Headquarters | work=Irish Examiner | url= http://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/apple-rejects-greenpeace-claims-after-cork-protest-547997.html | accessdate =April 18, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Article from the Irish Times Describing Cork as Apple's European Headquarters | work=Irish Times | url= http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2012/0418/breaking24.html | accessdate =April 18, 2012 | first1=Barry | last1=Roche}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Article from the Belfast Telegraph Describing Cork as Apple's European Headquarters | work=Belfast Telegraph | url= http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/republic-of-ireland/green-protest-targets-apples-hq-16146651.html | accessdate =April 18, 2012}}</ref> The facility, which opened in 1980, was Apple's first location outside of the United States.<ref>{{cite web | title = Irish Examiner Article | work=Irish Examiner | url= http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/kfgbsnsnmhoj/rss2/ | accessdate =April 21, 2012}}</ref> Apple Sales International, which deals with all of Apple's international sales outside of the USA, is located at Apple's campus in Cork<ref>{{cite web | title = Bloomberg Businessweek Profile of Apple Sales International | work=Bloomberg Business Week | url= http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=26016763l | accessdate =April 18, 2012}}</ref> along with Apple Distribution International, which similarly deals with Apple's international distribution network.<ref>{{cite web | title = Apple's Irish website with contact information for Apple Distribution International at Cork | work=Apple Website | url= http://www.apple.com/ie/contact/ | accessdate =April 18, 2012}}</ref> On April 20, 2012, Apple added 500 new jobs at its European headquarters, increasing the total workforce from around 2,800 to 3,300 employees.<ref name="autogenerated2"/><ref name="humphries1"/><ref>{{cite web|title=AFP Article on France 24 website discussing addition of 500 jobs |work=AFP |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20120420-apple-create-500-jobs-ireland |accessdate=April 21, 2012 }}{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The company will build a new office block on its Hollyhill Campus to accommodate the additional staff.<ref>{{cite news|title=Irish Times Article Discussing Addition of 500 new jobs to Apple's European Headquarters |work=Irish Times |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2012/0420/breaking6.html?via=mr |accessdate=April 21, 2012 |first=Ciara |last=O'Brien |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421010453/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2012/0420/breaking6.html?via=mr |archivedate=April 21, 2012 }}</ref> Its [[United Kingdom]] headquarters is at [[Stockley Park]] on the outskirts of [[London]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Occupiers|url=http://www.stockleypark.co.uk/occupiers|publisher=Stockley Park|accessdate=November 22, 2015}}</ref>
In February 2015, Apple opened their new 180,000-square-foot headquarters in [[Herzliya]], [[Israel]], which will accommodate approximately 800 employees. This opening was Apple's third office located within Israel; the first, also in Herzliya, was obtained as part of the [[Anobit]] acquisition, and the other is a research center in [[Haifa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/New-Tech/Apple-CEO-Tim-Cook-to-inaugurate-new-Israeli-headquarters-next-week-390866|title=Apple CEO Tim Cook to inaugurate new Israeli headquarters next week|work=The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com|accessdate=February 12, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://9to5mac.com/2015/02/12/tim-cook-apple-israel-offices/|title=Tim Cook reportedly headed to Israel for opening of new Apple offices|work=9to5Mac|accessdate=February 12, 2015}}</ref>
===Stores===
Apple has 478 retail stores ({{as of|2016|03|lc=y}}) in seventeen countries<ref name="storenum"/> and an [[Apple Store (online)|online store]] available in 39 countries.<ref name="Apple online stores">{{cite web|url=http://store.apple.com/us/browse/open/country_selector|title=The Apple Store – International|publisher=Apple Inc.|accessdate=June 9, 2014}}</ref> Each store is designed to suit the needs of the location and regulatory authorities. Apple has received numerous architectural awards for its store designs, particularly its midtown Manhattan location on [[Fifth Avenue]].<ref name="Fifth Ave">{{cite news|date=May 19, 2006|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/19/technology/19apple.html|title=Apple, a Success at Stores, Bets Big on Fifth Avenue|work=The New York Times|accessdate=May 19, 2006|first=Steve|last=Lohr}}</ref><ref name="IDSA">{{cite web|year=2002|url=http://www.idsa.org/idea/idea2002/G7001.htm|title=Apple Computer Retail Stores: Gold, Environments|publisher=[[Industrial Designers Society of America]]|accessdate=May 12, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060214005509/http://www.idsa.org/idea/idea2002/G7001.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive -->|archivedate=February 14, 2006}}</ref>
The Apple Store in [[Regent Street]], [[London]], was the first to open in Europe in November 2004, and is the most profitable shop in London with the highest sales per square foot, taking £60,000,000 pa, or £2,000 per square foot.<ref name="Apple Store London">{{cite web|year=2010|url=http://www.macdailynews.com/index.php/weblog/comments/apple_store_regent_street_the_most_profitable_shop_in_london_for_its_size|title=Apple Store London|publisher=Macdailynews|accessdate=August 6, 2010}}</ref> The Regent Street store was surpassed in size by the nearby Apple Store in [[Covent Garden]], which was surpassed in size by the [[Grand Central Terminal]] Apple Store, [[New York City]], in December 2011.
Of the 43,000 Apple employees in the United States 30,000 work at Apple Stores. Apple Store employees make above average pay for retail employees and are offered money toward college as well as gym memberships, [[401(k)|401k]] plans, healthcare plans, product discounts, and reduced price on purchase of stock.<ref name=9to5624>{{cite news|title=New York Times profiles Apple’s retail operations and employees|url=http://9to5mac.com/2012/06/23/new-york-times-profiles-apples-retail-operations-and-employees/#more-196816|accessdate=June 24, 2012|newspaper=9 to 6 Mac|date=June 23, 2012}}</ref>
<gallery mode=packed>
File:Apple store fifth avenue.jpg|[[Fifth Avenue]], [[New York City]]
File:Apple Store, Sydney.jpg|[[Sydney]]
File:HK Apple Store Opened Exterior.JPG|[[Hong Kong]]
File:Apple Store Carrousel du Louvre, 18 March 2011.jpg|[[Paris]]
File:Apple Store, Barcelona - 0001.JPG|[[Barcelona]]
File:Regent Street Apple Store, London 12297897574 o.jpg|[[London]]
</gallery>
==Corporate affairs==
{{see also|List of mergers and acquisitions by Apple|Braeburn Capital|FileMaker Inc.}}
===Corporate culture===
Apple was one of several highly successful companies founded in the 1970s that bucked the traditional notions of [[corporate culture]]. Jobs often walked around the office barefoot even after Apple became a [[Fortune 500]] company. By the time of the "1984" television commercial, Apple's informal culture had become a key trait that differentiated it from its competitors.<ref>{{cite web|last=Deutschman|first=Alan|title=The once and future Steve Jobs|url=http://www.salon.com/technology/books/2000/10/11/jobs_excerpt/|work=Salon.com|accessdate=November 22, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101202183854/http://www.salon.com/technology/books/2000/10/11/jobs_excerpt/| archivedate= December 2, 2010| deadurl= no}}</ref> According to a 2011 report in ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]],'' this has resulted in a corporate culture more akin to a startup rather than a multinational corporation.<ref name=Fortune1>{{cite news|url=http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2011/08/25/how-apple-works-inside-the-worlds-biggest-startup|title=How Apple works: inside the world's largest startup|last=Lashinsky|first=Adam|publisher=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|date=August 25, 2011}}</ref>
As the company has grown and been led by a series of differently opinionated chief executives, it has arguably lost some of its original character. Nonetheless, it has maintained a reputation for fostering individuality and excellence that reliably attracts talented workers, particularly after Jobs returned to the company. Numerous Apple employees have stated that projects without Jobs's involvement often take longer than projects with it.<ref name="cultofmacwork">{{cite web|url=http://www.cultofmac.com/what-its-like-to-work-at-apple|title=What It's Like To Work At Apple|first=John|last=Brownlee|date=July 7, 2010}}</ref> To recognize the best of its employees, Apple created the Apple Fellows program which awards individuals who make extraordinary technical or leadership contributions to [[personal computing]] while at the company. The Apple Fellowship has so far been awarded to individuals including [[Bill Atkinson]],<ref name="hertzfeld">[[Andy Hertzfeld|Hertzfeld, Andy]]. [http://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=Credit_Where_Due.txt Credit Where Due],''Folklore.org'', January 1983. Retrieved May 26, 2006.</ref> [[Steve Capps]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msu.edu/~luckie/hallofame.htm|title=Newton Hall of Fame!<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref> Rod Holt,<ref name="hertzfeld" /> [[Alan Kay]],<ref name="yoyow">Eisenhart, Mary. [http://www.yoyow.com/marye/mtstories/kawasaki.html Fighting Back For Mac], ''MicroTimes'', 1997. Retrieved May 26, 2006.</ref><ref>[[Andy Hertzfeld|Hertzfeld, Andy]]. [http://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=Leave_Of_Absence.txt Leave of Absence],''Folklore.org'', March 1984. Retrieved May 26, 2006.</ref> [[Guy Kawasaki]],<ref name="yoyow" /><ref>Kawakami, John. [http://www.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.11/11.09/Sep95Newsbits/index.html Apple Taps Guy Kawasaki For Apple Fellows Program], ''[[MacTech]]'', September 1995. Retrieved May 26, 2006.</ref> [[Al Alcorn]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.10/atari.html|title=Wired 4.10: Spawn of Atari | first=Nick | last=Montfort}}</ref> [[Don Norman]],<ref name="yoyow" /> [[Rich Page]],<ref name="hertzfeld" /> and [[Steve Wozniak]].<ref name="hertzfeld" />
At Apple, employees are specialists who are not exposed to functions outside their area of expertise. Jobs saw this as a means of having "best-in-class" employees in every role. For instance, [[Ron Johnson (businessman)|Ron Johnson]]—Senior Vice President of Retail Operations until November 1, 2011—was responsible for site selection, in-store service, and store layout, yet had no control of the inventory in his stores (this was done by Cook, who had a background in supply-chain management).<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news|last=Lashinsky |first=Adam |url=http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2011/08/25/how-apple-works-inside-the-worlds-biggest-startup/ |title=How Apple works: Inside the world's biggest startup – Fortune Tech |publisher=Tech.fortune.cnn.com |accessdate=December 24, 2011}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1"/> Apple is also known for strictly enforcing accountability. Each project has a "directly responsible individual," or "DRI" in Apple jargon.<ref name=Fortune1/> As an example, when iOS senior vice president [[Scott Forstall]] refused to sign Apple's official apology for numerous errors in the redesigned [[Apple Maps|Maps app]], he was forced to resign.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lashinsky|first=Adam|title=Inside Apple's major shakeup|url=http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2012/10/29/inside-apples-major-shakeup/|work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|date=October 29, 2012|accessdate=December 10, 2012}}</ref> Unlike other major U.S. companies Apple provides a relatively simple compensation policy for executives that does not include perks enjoyed by other CEOs like country club fees or private use of company aircraft. The company typically grants stock options to executives every other year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/apple-ceo-gets-modest-2012-pay-after-huge-2011-1.1092906|title=Apple CEO gets modest 2012 pay after huge 2011|date=December 27, 2012}}</ref>
===Customer service===
In 1999 Apple retained Eight Inc. as a strategic retail design partner and began creating the Apple retail stores. Tim Kobe of Eight Inc. prepared an "Apple Retail" white paper for Jobs, outlining the ability of separate Apple retail stores to directly drive the Apple brand experience—Kobe used their recently completed work with The North Face and Nike as a basis for the white paper.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}} The first two Apple Stores opened on May 19, 2001 in Tysons Corner, Virginia, and [[Glendale, California]]. More than 7,700 people visited Apple’s first two stores in the opening weekend, spending a total of US$599,000.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Benj Edwards|title=A tale of two Apple Stores (the first two)|url=http://www.macworld.com/article/1159817/first2applestores.html|website=MacWorld|publisher=IDG Consumer & SMB|accessdate=September 14, 2014|date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> {{As of|2014|06}}, Apple maintains 425 [[Apple Store|retail stores]] in fourteen countries.<ref name = "AppleRetailStoreList">{{cite web | url = //www.apple.com/retail/storelist/ | title = Apple Retail Store – Store List | accessdate =June 9, 2014 | publisher = Apple Inc.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2013/07/23Apple-Reports-Third-Quarter-Results.html|title=Apple – Press Info – Apple Reports Third Quarter Results|publisher=Apple Inc.|accessdate=October 10, 2014}}</ref> In addition to Apple products, the stores sell third-party products like software titles, digital cameras, camcorders and handheld organizers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2003/may/20retail.html |title=Apple Marks Second Anniversary of Retail Stores |publisher=Apple.com |accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref>
A media article published in July 2013 provided details about Apple's "At-Home Apple Advisors" customer support program that serves as the corporation's call center. The advisors are employed within the U.S. and work remotely after undergoing a four-week training program and testing period. The advisors earn between US$9 and $12 per hour and receive intensive management to ensure a high quality of customer support.<ref>{{cite web|title=How Apple Gets At-Home Workers To Work|url=http://techcrunch.com/2013/07/28/how-apple-gets-at-home-workers-to-work/?ncid=tcdaily|work=TechCrunch|publisher=AOL Inc|accessdate=July 29, 2013|author=Ashley Verrill|date=July 28, 2013}}</ref>
===Manufacturing===
The company's manufacturing, procurement and logistics enable it to execute massive product launches without having to maintain large, profit-sapping inventories. In 2011, Apple's profit margins were 40 percent, compared with between 10 and 20 percent for most other hardware companies. Cook's catchphrase to describe his focus on the company's operational arm is: “Nobody wants to buy sour milk”.<ref name=supply/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://business.financialpost.com/2011/11/09/ruthlessness-and-lasers-apples-supply-chain-revealed/ |title=Ruthlessness and lasers: Apple's supply chain revealed | Smart Shift | Executive | Financial Post |publisher=Business.financialpost.com |accessdate=December 24, 2011}}</ref>
During the Mac's early history Apple generally refused to adopt prevailing industry standards for hardware, instead creating their own.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lawlor.cs.uaf.edu/~olawlor/ref/mac_ports/index.html |title=Mac Ports |publisher=Lawlor.cs.uaf.edu |date=March 17, 2001 |accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref> This trend was largely reversed in the late 1990s, beginning with Apple's adoption of the [[Peripheral Component Interconnect|PCI]] bus in the [[Power Macintosh 7500|7500]]/[[Power Macintosh 8500|8500]]/[[Power Macintosh 9500|9500]] [[Power Macintosh|Power Macs]]. Apple has since joined the industry standards groups to influence the future direction of technology standards such as [[USB]], [[AGP]], [[HyperTransport]], [[Wi-Fi]], [[NVM Express|NVMe]], [[PCI Express|PCIe]] and others in its products. [[FireWire]] is an Apple-originated standard that was widely adopted across the industry after it was standardized as [[IEEE 1394]] and is a legally mandated port in all Cable TV boxes in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1394ta.org/consumers/WhatIsFireWire.html |title=1394 Trade Association: What is 1394? |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20140404152533/http://www.1394ta.org/consumers/WhatIsFireWire.html |archivedate=April 4, 2014 }}</ref>
====Labor practices====
{{further|Criticism of Apple Inc.#Labor practices}}
The company advertised its products as being made in America until the late 1990s; however, as a result of [[outsourcing]] initiatives in the 2000s, almost all of its manufacturing is now handled abroad. According to a report by the ''[[New York Times]]'', Apple insiders "believe the vast scale of overseas factories as well as the flexibility, diligence and industrial skills of foreign workers have so outpaced their American counterparts that “Made in the U.S.A.” is no longer a viable option for most Apple products".<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/22/business/apple-america-and-a-squeezed-middle-class.html?pagewanted=all | work=The New York Times | first1=Charles | last1=Duhigg | first2=Keith | last2=Bradsher | title=Apple, America and a Squeezed Middle Class | date=January 21, 2012}}</ref>
In 2006, the ''[[Mail on Sunday]]'' reported on the working conditions of the Chinese factories where contract manufacturers [[Foxconn]] and [[Inventec]] produced the iPod.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://www.mailonsunday.co.uk/news/article-401234/The-stark-reality-iPods-Chinese-factories.html |title=The Stark Reality of iPod's Chinese Factories |work=Daily Mail |location=UK |date=August 18, 2006 |ref=harv |postscript=<!-- None -->}}</ref> The article stated that one complex of factories that assembled the iPod and other items had over 200,000 workers living and working within it. Employees regularly worked more than 60 hours per week and made around $100 per month. A little over half of the workers' earnings was required to pay for rent and food from the company.<ref name="wpsweatshop">{{Cite journal |last=Musgrove |first=Mike |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/15/AR2006061501898.html |title=Sweatshop Conditions at IPod Factory Reported |work=The Washington Post |date=June 16, 2006 |ref=harv |postscript=<!-- None -->}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kahney |first=Leander |url=http://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/commentary/cultofmac/2006/06/71138 |title=Judging Apple Sweatshop Charge |publisher=Wired |date=June 13, 2006 |ref=harv |postscript=<!-- None -->|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616163344/http://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/commentary/cultofmac/2006/06/71138|archivedate=June 16, 2008|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dean |url=http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB118677584137994489.html?mod=blog |title=The Forbidden City of Terry Gou |work=The Wall Street Journal|date=November 2, 2010 |ref=harv |postscript=<!-- None -->|publisher=Wired|accessdate=November 13, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101104233204/http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2010/11/foxconn-photo-gallery/?pid=731&viewall=true| archivedate= November 4, 2010| deadurl= no}}</ref>
Apple immediately launched an investigation after the 2006 media report, and worked with their manufacturers to ensure acceptable working conditions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Morphy |first=Ericka |url=http://www.macnewsworld.com/story/61454.html |title=Apple, IT and the Specter of Sweatshop Labor |publisher=Mac New World |date=January 31, 2008 |ref=harv |postscript=<!-- None -->}}</ref> In 2007, Apple started yearly audits of all its suppliers regarding [[worker's rights]], slowly raising standards and pruning suppliers that did not comply. Yearly progress reports have been published since 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://images.apple.com/supplierresponsibility/pdf/L418102A_SR_2010Report_FF.pdf|title=Apple 2010 Supplier Responsibility Report|format=PDF}}</ref> In 2011, Apple admitted that its suppliers' child labor practices in China had worsened.<ref>{{cite news|author=Apple |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/8324867/Apples-child-labour-issues-worsen.html |title=Apple's child labour issues worsen |publisher=Telegraph |date= February 15, 2011|accessdate=October 7, 2011 |location=London}}</ref>
The [[Foxconn suicides]] occurred between January and November 2010, when 18<ref name=tian>{{cite news | title=Struggle for Foxconn girl who wanted to die | work=South China Morning Post | date=December 15, 2010 | author=Lau, Mimi | location=Wuhan, Hubei}}</ref> [[Foxconn]] (Chinese: 富士康) employees attempted [[suicide]], resulting in 14 deaths—the company was the world’s largest contract electronics manufacturer, for clients including Apple, at the time.<ref name=tian/><ref name="scmpreport">{{cite news | title=Foxconn factories are labour camps: report | work=South China Morning Post | date=October 11, 2010 | author=Tam, Fiona}}</ref><ref name="reuters3">{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6A41M920101105|title=Foxconn worker plunges to death at China plant: report|publisher=Reuters|date=November 5, 2010}}</ref><!-- 6:05 am EDT --> The suicides drew media attention, and employment practices at Foxconn were investigated by Apple.<ref name="WSJ-Foxconn">{{cite news|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704026204575267603576594936.html|title=Apple, H-P to Examine Asian Supplier After String of Deaths at Factory|author=Jason Dean|date=May 27, 2010|accessdate=May 29, 2010|work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> Apple issued a public statement about the suicides, and company spokesperson Steven Dowling said:
<blockquote>
[Apple is] saddened and upset by the recent suicides at Foxconn ... A team from Apple is independently evaluating the steps they are taking to address these tragic events and we will continue our ongoing inspections of the facilities where our products are made.<ref name="Huff">{{cite news|author1=William Foreman|title=Tech: Apple Supplier Foxconn Suffers 10th Death This Year, Asks Workers To Sign Anti-Suicide Pledge|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/05/25/foxconn-suffers-10th-deat_n_588524.html|accessdate=20 December 2014|work=The Huffington Post|date=26 May 2010}}</ref></blockquote>
The statement was released after the results from the company's probe into its suppliers' labor practices were published in early 2010. Foxconn was not specifically named in the report, but Apple identified a series of serious labor violations of labor laws, including Apple's own rules, and some child labor existed in a number of factories.<ref name="Huff" /> Apple committed to the implementation of changes following the suicides.<ref name="Fire" />
Also in 2010, workers in China planned to sue iPhone contractors over poisoning by a cleaner used to clean LCD screens. One worker claimed that he and his coworkers had not been informed of possible occupational illnesses.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2010/05/wintek-employees-sue/ |title=Workers Plan to Sue iPhone Contractor Over Poisoning |first=Brian X. |last=Chen |date=May 14, 2010 |publisher=Wired |ref=harv |postscript=<!-- None -->}}</ref> After a high suicide rate in a Foxconn facility in China making iPads and iPhones, albeit a lower rate than that of China as a whole,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/16231588|title=Suicides at Foxconn: Light and death|publisher=Economist|date=May 27, 2010|accessdate=April 24, 2012}}</ref> workers were forced to sign a legally binding document guaranteeing that they would not kill themselves.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1285980/Revealed-Inside-Chinese-suicide-sweatshop-workers-toil-34-hour-shifts-make-iPod.html |title=Revealed: Inside the Chinese suicide sweatshop where workers toil in 34-hour shifts to make your iPod | Mail Online |work=Daily Mail |location=London |date=December 6, 2010 |accessdate=October 7, 2011 |first1=Andrew |last1=Malone |first2=Richard |last2=Jones}}</ref> Workers in factories producing Apple products have also been exposed to n-[[hexane]], a [[neurotoxin]] that is a cheaper alternative than alcohol for cleaning the products.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/10/26/3048024.htm Workers poisoned while making iPhones] ABC News, October 25, 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/foreign/content/2010/s3044840.htm Dirty Secrets] ABC Foreign Correspondent, 2010-Oct-26</ref><ref>[https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/n-hexane/recognition.html Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for n-Hexane] {{wayback|url=https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/n-hexane/recognition.html |date=20130504125822 }}, OSHA.gov</ref>
A 2014 BBC investigation found excessive hours and other problems persisted, despite Apple's promise to reform factory practice after the 2010 Foxconn suicides. The Pegatron factory was once again the subject of review, as reporters gained access to the working conditions inside through recruitment as employees. While the BBC maintained that the experiences of its reporters showed that labor violations were continuing since 2010, Apple publicly disagreed with the BBC and stated: “We are aware of no other company doing as much as Apple to ensure fair and safe working conditions".<ref name="Fire">{{cite news|title=Apple under fire again for working conditions at Chinese factories|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/19/apple-under-fire-again-for-working-conditions-at-chinese-factories?CMP=EMCNEWEML6619I2|accessdate=December 20, 2014|work=The Guardian|date=December 19, 2014}}</ref>
In December 2014, the [[Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights]] published a report which documented inhumane conditions for the 15,000 workers at a Zhen Ding Technology factory in Shenzhen, China, which serves as a major supplier of circuit boards for Apple's iPhone and iPad. According to the report, workers are pressured into 65-hour work weeks which leaves them so exhausted that they often sleep during lunch breaks. They are also made to reside in "primitive, dark and filthy dorms" where they sleep "on plywood, with six to ten workers in each crowded room." Omnipresent security personnel also routinely harass and beat the workers.<ref>Dave Jamieson (December 23, 2014). [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/12/23/apple-zhen-ding-labor_n_6372294.html The Factory Workers Behind Your iPhone Are Too Tired To Eat, Report Says]. ''[[The Huffington Post]].'' Retrieved December 24, 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.globallabourrights.org/reports/exhaustion-has-no-limit-at-apple-supplier-in-china Exhaustion Has No Limit at Apple Supplier in China]. [[Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights]]. December 22, 2014.</ref>
===Environmental practices and initiatives===
====Energy====
Following a [[Greenpeace]] protest, Apple released a statement on April 17, 2012, committing to ending its use of coal and shifting to 100% renewable clean energy.<ref name=" After Greenpeace Protests, Apple Promises to Dump Coal Power ">{{cite news |publisher=[[Wired Magazine]] |url= http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2012/05/apple_coal/|title= After Greenpeace Protests, Apple Promises to Dump Coal Power|accessdate=August 22, 2013|first=Robert|last=McMillan|date=May 17, 2012}}</ref><ref name=" Powering Our Facilities with Clean, Renewable Energy">{{cite web |publisher=[[Wired Magazine]] |url= http://www.apple.com/environment/renewable-energy/|title= Powering Our Facilities with Clean, Renewable Energy |accessdate=August 22, 2013}}</ref> By 2013 Apple was using 100% renewable energy to power their data centers. Overall, 75% of the company's power came from clean renewable sources.<ref>{{cite news|first=Peter |last=Burrows |title=Apple Says Data Centers Now Use 100% Renewable Energy |publisher=Business Week |date=March 21, 2013 |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-03-21/apple-says-data-centers-now-use-100-percent-renewable-energy |accessdate=August 30, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223855/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-03-21/apple-says-data-centers-now-use-100-percent-renewable-energy |archivedate=December 2, 2013 }}</ref>
In 2010, [[Climate Counts]], a nonprofit organization dedicated to directing consumers toward the greenest companies, gave Apple a score of 52 points out of a possible 100, which puts Apple in their top category "Striding".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.climatecounts.org/scorecard_score.php?co=7 |title=Climate Counts scorecard |publisher=Climatecounts.org |accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref> This was an increase from May 2008, when Climate Counts only gave Apple 11 points out of 100, which placed the company last among electronics companies, at which time Climate Counts also labeled Apple with a "stuck icon", adding that Apple at the time was "a choice to avoid for the climate conscious consumer".<ref name="iwclimate">{{cite news|url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/hardware/mac/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=207601672|title=Environmental Group Hits Apple}}</ref>
{{As of|2016}}, 100% of Apple's U.S. operations run on [[renewable energy]], 100% of Apple's [[data center]]s run on renewable energy and 93% of Apple's global operations run on renewable energy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/environment/|title=Environment|website=Apple|language=en-US|access-date=2016-05-26}}</ref> The [[Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool]] (EPEAT) allows consumers to see the effect a product has on the environment. Each product receives a Gold, Silver, or Bronze rank depending on its efficiency and sustainability. Every Apple [[Tablet computer|tablet]], [[Laptop|notebook]], [[desktop computer]], and [[Computer monitor|display]] that EPEAT ranks achieves a Gold rating, the highest possible.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/environment/climate-change/|title=Environment - Climate Change|date=March 2016|website=Why we measure our carbon footprint so rigorously.|publisher=Apple Inc.|access-date=March 27, 2016}}</ref>
In May 2015, Greenpeace evaluated the state of the Green Internet and commended Apple on their environmental practices saying, "Apple’s commitment to renewable energy has helped set a new bar for the industry, illustrating in very concrete terms that a 100% renewable Internet is within its reach, and providing several models of intervention for other companies that want to build a sustainable Internet."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/global-warming/click-clean/#report|title=ClickClean|website=Click Clean|access-date=2016-04-28}}</ref>
During an event on March 21, 2016, Apple provided a status update on its environmental initiative to be 100% renewable in all of its worldwide operations. [[Lisa P. Jackson]], Apple's vice president of Environment, Policy and Social Initiatives who reports directly to CEO, Tim Cook, announced that as of March 2016, 93% of Apple's worldwide operations are powered with renewable energy. Also featured was the company's efforts to use sustainable paper in their product packaging; 99% of all paper used by Apple in the product packaging comes from [[Post-consumer|post-consumer recycled]] paper or sustainably-managed forests, as the company continues its move to all paper packaging for all of its products.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/environment/pdf/Apple_Environmental_Responsibility_Report_2015.pdf|title=Apple Environmental Responsibility Report (2015)|date=|website=|publisher=Apple Inc.|access-date=March 30, 2016}}</ref> Apple working in partnership with [[The Conservation Fund|Conservation Fund]], have preserved 36,000 acres of working forests in [[Maine]] and [[North Carolina]]. Another partnership announced is with the [[World Wide Fund for Nature|World Wildlife Fund]] to preserve up to 1,000,000 acres of forests in China. Featured was the company's installation of a 40 [[Megawatt|MW]] [[Solar power|solar power plant]] in the [[Sichuan]] province of [[China]] that was tailor made to coexist with the indigenous yaks that eat hay produced on the land, by raising the panels to be several feet off of the ground so the yaks and their feed would be unharmed grazing beneath the array. This installation alone compensates for more than all of the energy used in Apple's Stores and Offices in the whole of China, negating the company's energy carbon footprint in the country. In [[Singapore]], Apple has worked with the Singaporean government to cover the rooftops of 800 buildings in the city-state with solar panels allowing Apple's Singapore operations to be run on 100% renewable energy. Liam was introduced to the world, an advanced robotic disassembler and sorter designed by Apple Engineers in California specifically for recycling outdated or broken iPhones. Reuses and recycles parts from traded in products.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/apple-events/march-2016/|title=Watch the Apple Special Event|website=Apple|access-date=2016-03-30}}</ref>
====Toxins====
Following further campaigns by Greenpeace,<ref name=itox>{{cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/apple/itox.html|title=iTox + iWaste|accessdate=August 12, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080721152923/http://www.greenpeace.org/apple/itox.html| archivedate= July 21, 2008| deadurl= no}}</ref> in 2008, Apple became the first electronics manufacturer to fully eliminate all [[polyvinyl chloride]] (PVC) and [[brominated flame retardant]]s (BFRs) in its complete product line.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/environment/reports/update.html |title=Apple – Environment – Update|publisher=Apple Inc. |accessdate=November 22, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101115215221/https://www.apple.com/environment/reports/update.html| archivedate=November 15, 2010| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/toxics/electronics/Guide-to-Greener-Electronics/which-companies-really-sell-gr/ |title=Which companies are phasing out PVC and BFRs |publisher=Greenpeace International |accessdate=January 13, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20101110055341/http://www.greenpeace.org:80/international/en/campaigns/toxics/electronics/Guide-to-Greener-Electronics/which-companies-really-sell-gr/ |archivedate=November 10, 2010 }}</ref> In June 2007, Apple began replacing the [[cold cathode]] fluorescent lamp (CCFL) backlit [[LCD]] displays in its computers with [[Mercury (element)|mercury]]-free [[LED-backlit LCD display]]s and [[arsenic]]-free glass, starting with the upgraded [[MacBook Pro]].<ref name="Apple-environmental-news"/><ref name="agreenapple">{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/hotnews/agreenerapple/|title=Apple – A Greener Apple|accessdate=August 12, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080725082132/http://www.apple.com/hotnews/agreenerapple/| archivedate= July 25, 2008| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="green_notebooks">{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/mac/green-notebooks/|title=Apple — Mac — Green Notebooks|year=2008|publisher=Apple Inc.|accessdate=December 24, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081222083708/http://www.apple.com/mac/green-notebooks/| archivedate= December 22, 2008| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/macbookpro/graphics.html|title=Apple: MacBook Pro Graphics|accessdate=June 8, 2007| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070602180903/http://www.apple.com/macbookpro/graphics.html| archivedate= June 2, 2007| deadurl= no}}</ref> Apple offers comprehensive and transparent information about the [[Carbon dioxide equivalent|CO<sub>2</sub>e]], [[Greenhouse gas#Direct greenhouse gas emissions|emissions]], materials, and [[Electric energy consumption|electrical usage]] concerning every product they currently produce or have sold in the past (and which they have enough data needed to produce the report), in their portfolio on their homepage. Allowing consumers to make informed purchasing decisions on the products they offer for sale.<ref>{{cite web|title=Apple – Environment – Reports|url=http://www.apple.com/environment/reports/|publisher=Apple Inc.}}</ref> In June 2009, Apple's [[iPhone 3GS]] was free of PVC, arsenic, and BFRs.<ref name="Apple-environmental-news">{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/environment/progress/|title=Apple – Environment – Environmental Progress|accessdate=November 22, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101124181606/http://www.apple.com/environment/progress/| archivedate=November 24, 2010| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/imac/environment.html|title=iMac and the Environment |publisher=Apple Inc. |accessdate=November 29, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101129205242/http://www.apple.com/imac/environment.html| archivedate= November 29, 2010| deadurl= no}}</ref> All Apple products now have mercury-free LED-backlit LCD displays, arsenic-free glass, and non-PVC cables. All Apple products have EPEAT Gold status and beat the latest Energy Star guidelines in each product's respective regulatory category.<ref name="Apple-environmental-news" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/specs//Version%206%201%20Computers%20Final%20Program%20Requirements.pdf|title=Energy Star Computers Final Program Requirements|date=March 2016|website=EPA|publisher=EPA|access-date=March 30, 2016}}</ref>
In November 2011, Apple was featured in Greenpeace's Guide to Greener Electronics, which ranks electronics manufacturers on sustainability, climate and energy policy, and how "green" their products are. The company ranked fourth of fifteen electronics companies (moving up five places from the previous year) with a score of 4.6/10 down from 4.9.<ref name="Guide to Greener Electronics">{{cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/climate-change/cool-it/Guide-to-Greener-Electronics/ |title=Guide to Greener Electronics |publisher=Greenpeace International |accessdate=November 14, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20111112022636/http://www.greenpeace.org:80/international/en/campaigns/climate-change/cool-it/Guide-to-Greener-Electronics/? |archivedate=November 12, 2011 }}</ref> Greenpeace praises Apple's [[Sustainability metrics and indices|sustainability]], noting that the company exceeded its 70% global recycling goal in 2010. It continues to score well on the products rating with all Apple products now being free of PVC plastic and BFRs. However, the guide criticizes Apple on the Energy criteria for not seeking external verification of its greenhouse gas emissions data and for not setting out any targets to reduce emissions.<ref name="Guide to Greener Electronics" /> In January 2012, Apple requested that its cable maker, Volex, begin producing [[Halogen-free substance|halogen-free]] [[USB]] and power cables.<ref>{{cite web|last=Anderson|first=Ash|title=Apple Power Cables to Become Even More Environmentally Friendly|url=http://www.keynoodle.com/apple-power-cables-to-become-even-more-environmentally-friendly/|publisher=KeyNoodle|accessdate=January 14, 2012}}</ref>
==== Green Bonds ====
In February 2016, Apple issued a US$1.5 billion [[green bond]] (climate bond), the first ever of its kind by a U.S. tech company. The green bond proceeds are dedicated to the financing of environmental projects.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/environment/reports/|title=Environment - Reports|website=Apple|language=en-US|access-date=2016-05-28}}</ref>
===Finance===
<!--clean up by subject and time-->
Apple is the [[List of the largest information technology companies|world's largest information technology company]] by revenue and the [[Mobile phone#Manufacturers|world's second-largest mobile phone manufacturer]].<ref name="mobile phone manufacturers"/> It is also the [[List of corporations by market capitalization|largest publicly traded corporation in the world by market capitalization]], with an estimated market capitalization of $446 billion by January 2014.<ref name="Marketwatch AAPL">{{cite web|title=Overview|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/aapl|publisher=Marketwatch|accessdate=February 2, 2014}}</ref> On February 17, 2015, Apple became the first US corporation to be valued at over $750B.<ref name="Macs 4 Newbies">{{cite web|title=Apple Pushes Past $750 Billion Value|url=http://macs4newbies.com/apple-pushes-past-750-billion/|accessdate=March 3, 2015}}</ref> {{As of|2016|03}}, Apple maintains 475 [[Apple Store|retail stores]] in seventeen countries, of which 207 are outside the U.S.,<ref name="storenum" /> as well as the [[Apple Store (online)|online Apple Store]] and [[iTunes Store]], the latter of which is the world's largest music retailer.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/26/tech/web/itunes-10th-anniversary|title=How iTunes changed music, and the world|publisher=CNN|date=April 26, 2013|accessdate=July 8, 2013}}</ref> It employs 115,000 permanent full-time employees {{as of|2015|07|lc=y}}<ref name="employee_num" /> and 3,300 temporary full-time employees {{as of|2012|09|29|alt=as of September 2012}} worldwide.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
In its fiscal year ending in September 2011, Apple Inc. reported a total of $108 billion in annual revenues—a significant increase from its 2010 revenues of $65 billion—and nearly $82 billion in [[Reserve (accounting)|cash reserves]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/6a7cac22-31db-11e1-9be2-00144feabdc0.html?ftcamp=rss#axzz1iGo2qA2S |title=Apple in race to keep ahead in 2012 |date=December 29, 2011}}</ref> On March 19, 2012, Apple announced plans for a $2.65-per-share [[dividend]] beginning in fourth quarter of 2012, per approval by their board of directors.<ref name=dividendfaq>{{cite news|last=Tsukayama|first=Hayley|title=FAQ: Apple's Dividend|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/faq-apples-dividend/2012/03/20/gIQAVxMgPS_story.html?tid=pm_business_pop|accessdate=March 21, 2012|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=March 20, 2012}}</ref> On September 2012, Apple reached a record share price of more than $705 and closed at above 700.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/finance?q=AAPL |title=Apple Inc.: NASDAQ:AAPL quotes & news – Google Finance |publisher=Google.com |date=October 25, 2012 |accessdate=November 7, 2012}}</ref> With 936,596,000 outstanding shares ({{as of|2012|06|30|lc=y|df=US}}),<ref>[http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/AAPL/1987632841x0x585701/beacb369-cb95-4950-acf4-4fbfa3569ec6/Q3_2012_Form_10-Q_As-Filed_.pdf Apple Q3 Financial Report (PDF)]. Shareholder.com. July 25, 2012. Retrieved February 7, 2013.</ref>
The company's worldwide annual revenue in 2013 totaled $170 billion.<ref>{{cite web|title=Annual Financials for Apple|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/aapl/financials|publisher=Marketwatch|accessdate=February 2, 2014}}</ref> In May 2013, Apple entered the top ten of the [[Fortune 500]] list of companies for the first time, rising 11 places above its 2012 ranking to take the sixth position.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rodriguez |first=Salvador |url=http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-apple-facebook-fortune-500-20130506,0,6186624.story |title=Apple makes Fortune 500's top 10 for first time; Facebook makes list |work=Los Angeles Times |date=May 6, 2013 |accessdate=June 10, 2013}}</ref> {{As of|2016}}, Apple has around US$234 billion of cash and marketable securities, of which 90% is located outside the United States for tax purposes.<ref name=b200>{{cite web|last1=La Monica|first1=Paul R.|title=Apple has $203 billion in cash. Why?|url=http://money.cnn.com/2015/07/22/investing/apple-stock-cash-earnings/|website=[[CNNMoney]]|publisher=[[Time Warner]]|accessdate=September 28, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818101000/http://money.cnn.com/2015/07/22/investing/apple-stock-cash-earnings/|archivedate=August 18, 2015|deadurl=no|date=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
Apple amassed 65% of all profits made by the eight largest worldwide smartphone manufacturers in quarter one of 2014, according to a report by [[Canaccord Genuity]].<ref name="smartphone profits">{{cite web|last1=Farivar|first1=Cyrus|title=Apple makes 92 percent of all smartphone profits|url=http://arstechnica.com/apple/2015/07/apple-makes-92-percent-of-all-smartphone-profits/|website=[[Ars Technica]]|publisher=[[Condé Nast]]|accessdate=April 1, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715185934/http://arstechnica.com/apple/2015/07/apple-makes-92-percent-of-all-smartphone-profits|archivedate=July 15, 2015|deadurl=no|date=July 13, 2015}}</ref> In the first quarter of 2015, the company garnered 92% of all earnings made by the eight largest global smartphone makers.<ref name="smartphone profits"/>
====Tax practices====
{{further|Criticism of Apple Inc.#Tax practices}}
Apple has created subsidiaries in low-tax places such as [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Luxembourg]] and the [[British Virgin Islands]] to cut the taxes it pays around the world. According to ''The New York Times,'' in the 1980s Apple was among the first tech companies to designate overseas salespeople in high-tax countries in a manner that allowed the company to sell on behalf of low-tax subsidiaries on other continents, sidestepping income taxes. In the late 1980s Apple was a pioneer of an accounting technique known as the "[[Double Irish with a Dutch sandwich]]," which reduces taxes by routing profits through Irish subsidiaries and the Netherlands and then to the Caribbean.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Duhigg|first1=Charles|last2=Kocieniewski|first2=David|title=How Apple Sidesteps Billions in Taxes|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/29/business/apples-tax-strategy-aims-at-low-tax-states-and-nations.html|website=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=April 29, 2012|location=Reno, Nevada|date=April 28, 2012}}</ref>
[[British Conservative Party]] Member of Parliament [[Charlie Elphicke]] published research on October 30, 2012,<ref>{{cite news|last=Watson|first=Roland|title=Foreign companies 'avoid billions in corporation tax'|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/politics/article3583772.ece|newspaper=The Times|date=October 30, 2012}}</ref> which showed that some multinational companies, including Apple Inc., were making billions of pounds of profit in the UK, but were paying an effective tax rate to the UK Treasury of only 3 percent, well below standard [[corporation tax]]. He followed this research by calling on the [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] [[George Osborne]] to force these multinationals, which also included [[Google]] and [[The Coca-Cola Company]], to state the effective rate of tax they pay on their UK revenues. Elphicke also said that government contracts should be withheld from multinationals who do not pay their fair share of UK tax.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebrahimi|first=Helia|title=Foreign firms could owe UK £11bn in unpaid taxes|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/consumertips/tax/9652516/Foreign-firms-could-owe-UK-11bn-in-unpaid-taxes.html|newspaper=Telegraph|date=November 2, 2012|location=London}}</ref> In June 2014 the [[European Commissioner for Competition]] launched an investigation of Apple's tax practices in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], as part of a wider probe of multi-national companies' tax arrangements in various European countries.<ref name="ECprobe">{{cite news|title=European Commission to probe tax affairs of Apple, Starbucks and Fiat|url=http://www.europesun.com/index.php/sid/222816605/scat/baf10b3527f6df38/ht/European-Commission-to-probe-tax-affairs-of-Apple-Starbucks-and-Fiat|accessdate=June 12, 2014|publisher=Europe Sun}}</ref>
It is a matter of [[Public records|public record]] that Apple Inc. is the single largest taxpayer to the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Department of the Treasury]] of the [[United States|United States of America]] with an [[Tax rate|effective tax rate]] of approximately of 26% as of the Second Quarter of the Apple [[Fiscal year|Fiscal Year]] 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://investor.apple.com|title=Apple - Investor Relations|website=investor.apple.com|access-date=2016-04-28}}</ref>
In 2015 [[Reuters]] reported that Apple had earnings abroad of $54.4 billion which were untaxed by the [[IRS]] of the United States. Under U.S. tax law governed by the [[Tax law|IRC]], corporations don't pay income tax on overseas profits unless the profits repatriated into the United States and as such Apple has the [[Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2007|fiscal responsibility]] to its [[shareholder]]s to leave it overseas until a repatriation holiday or comprehensive tax reform takes place in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Drawbaugh|first1=Kevin|last2=Temple-West|first2=Patrick|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/09/us-usa-tax-offshore-idUSBREA3729V20140409|title=Untaxed U.S. corporate profits held overseas top $2.1 trillion: study|work=Reuters|accessdate=February 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/investor/earnings-call/|title=Apple Earnings Call|website=Apple|access-date=2016-04-28}}</ref>
===Litigation===
{{main|Apple Inc. litigation}}
Apple has been a participant in various legal proceedings and claims since it began operation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Federal Court Cases Involving Apple, Inc.|url=https://www.docketalarm.com/cases/AllNaturesOfSuit/Apple%2C%20Inc./|publisher=Docket Alarm, Inc.|accessdate=May 10, 2014}}</ref> In particular, Apple is known for and promotes itself as actively and aggressively enforcing its intellectual property interests. Some litigation examples include ''[[Apple v. Samsung]]'', ''[[Apple v. Microsoft]]'', ''[[Motorola Mobility v. Apple Inc.]]'', and ''[[Apple Corps v. Apple Computer]]''. Apple has also had to defend itself against charges on numerous occasions of violating intellectual property rights. Most have been dismissed in the courts as [[Shell corporation|shell companies]] known as [[patent troll]]s, with no evidence of actual use of [[patent]]s in question.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/01/virnetx-kicks-off-final-massive-patent-trolling-attempt-vs-apple/|title=Patent troll VirnetX wants jury to give it a half-billion dollars of Apple’s cash|website=Ars Technica|access-date=2016-04-28}}</ref>
=== Privacy Stance ===
Apple has made clear its stance on Privacy and as such has made available Transparency Reports on the Governmental Requests it receives. Apple states plainly, "On devices running [[iOS 8]] and later versions, your personal data is placed under the protection of your passcode.<sup>[[IPhone|[305]]]</sup> For all devices running iOS 8 and later versions, Apple will not perform iOS data extractions in response to government search warrants because the files to be extracted are protected by an [[encryption key]] that is tied to the user’s passcode, which Apple does not possess."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/privacy/transparency-reports/|title=Privacy - Transparency Reports - Apple|website=Apple|access-date=2016-04-23}}</ref>
In its latest “Who Has Your Back?” report, once again the [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]] (EFF) awarded Apple 5 out of 5 stars “commend[ing] Apple for its strong stance regarding user rights, transparency, and privacy.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eff.org/who-has-your-back-government-data-requests-2015|title=Who Has Your Back? Government Data Requests 2015|website=Electronic Frontier Foundation|access-date=2016-04-23}}</ref>
===Charitable causes===
{{As of|2016}}, Apple is a partner of [[Product Red]], a campaign whose mission is to prevent the transmission of [[HIV]] from mother to child by 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=(RED) Partners|url=http://www.joinred.com/aboutred/red-partners/|publisher=[[Product Red]]|accessdate=October 13, 2012|year=2012}}</ref>{{update inline|date=March 2016}} {{as of|2014|06|25|alt=In June 2014}}, Apple's contributions to the campaign reached $75 million, making the company Product Red's largest partner.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Clover|first1=Juli|title=(Product) RED Thanks Apple for Contributions Totaling $75 Million, Explains Recent Comments From Bono|url=http://www.macrumors.com/2014/06/25/apple-product-red-contributions/|website=[[MacRumors]]|accessdate=March 30, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627121125/http://www.macrumors.com/2014/06/25/apple-product-red-contributions/|archivedate=June 27, 2014|deadurl=no|date=June 25, 2014}}</ref>
In November 2012, Apple donated $2.5 million to the [[American Red Cross]] to aid relief efforts after [[Hurricane Sandy]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Weintraub|first=Seth|title=Apple donates $2.5M to Hurricane Sandy relief|url=http://9to5mac.com/2012/11/09/apple-donates-2-5-million-to-hurricane-sandy-relief/|publisher=9to5Mac|accessdate=November 18, 2012}}</ref>
On April 14, 2016, Apple and the [[World Wide Fund for Nature]] (WWF) announced that they have engaged in a partnership to, "help protect life on our planet." Apple released a special page in the [[App Store (iOS)|iTunes App Store]], Apps for Earth. In the arrangement, Apple has committed that through April 24, WWF will receive 100% of the proceeds from the applications participating in the App Store via both the purchases of any paid apps and the In-App Purchases.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/pages/help-the-planet-one-app-at-a-time|title=Help the planet. One app at a time.|website=World Wildlife Fund|access-date=2016-04-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.apple.com/environment/|title=Environment|website=Apple|language=en-US|access-date=2016-04-14}}</ref>
==See also==
{{Wikipedia books|Apple Inc.}}
* [[Apple media events]]
* [[Pixar]]
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
'''Sources'''
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|title=So Far: The First Ten Years of a Vision|publisher=Apple Computer|year=1987|isbn=978-1-55693-974-7|author=Rob Price}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.microprocessor.sscc.ru/comphist/|title=Chronology of Events in the History of Microcomputers|author=Ken Polsson|accessdate=August 18, 2008| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080602225734/http://www.microprocessor.sscc.ru/comphist/| archivedate = June 2, 2008}}
* {{cite web|url=http://apple2history.org/appendix/ahb/ahb2/|title=Apple II history|accessdate=August 18, 2008}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.oazoo.com|title=Apple III history|accessdate=August 5, 2006}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.macrumors.com/2012/10/31/apples-2012-annual-report-more-employees-more-office-space-more-sales|title=Apple's 2012 Annual Report: More Employees, More Office Space, More Sales}}
{{refend}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* [[Gil Amelio]], William L. Simon (1999), ''On the Firing Line: My 500 Days at Apple'' ISBN 978-0-88730-919-9
* Jim Carlton, ''Apple: The Inside Story of Intrigue, Egomania and Business Blunders'' ISBN 978-0-88730-965-6
* Alan Deutschman (2000), ''[[The Second Coming of Steve Jobs]]'', [[Broadway Books|Broadway]], ISBN 978-0-7679-0432-2
* [[Andy Hertzfeld]] (2004), ''Revolution in the Valley'', [[O'Reilly Books]] ISBN 978-0-596-00719-5
* Paul Kunkel, ''AppleDesign: The Work of the Apple Industrial Design Group'' ISBN 978-1-888001-25-9
* {{cite book|title=Inside Apple: How America's Most Admired—and Secretive—Company Really Works|year=2013|isbn=978-1455512164|author=Adam Lashinsky}}
* [[Steven Levy]] (1994), ''Insanely Great: The Life and Times of Macintosh, the Computer That Changed Everything'' ISBN 978-0-14-029177-3
* Owen Linzmayer (2004), ''[[Apple Confidential 2.0]]'', [[No Starch Press]] ISBN 978-1-59327-010-0
* [[Michael S. Malone]] (1999), ''[[Infinite Loop (book)|Infinite Loop]]'' ISBN 978-0-385-48684-2
* Frank Rose (1990), ''West of Eden: The End of Innocence at Apple Computer'', [[Penguin Books]] ISBN 978-0-14-009372-8
* [[John Sculley]], John A. Byrne (1987) ''Odyssey: Pepsi to Apple'', [[HarperCollins]], ISBN 978-0-06-015780-7
* [[Steve Wozniak]], Gina Smith (2006), ''[[iWoz|iWoz: From Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It]]'', [[W. W. Norton & Company]], ISBN 978-0-393-06143-7
* Jeffrey S. Young (1988). ''Steve Jobs, The Journey is the Reward'', Lynx Books, ISBN 978-1-55802-378-9
* Jeffrey S. Young, William L. Simon (2005), ''[[iCon Steve Jobs: The Greatest Second Act in the History of Business]]'', [[John Wiley & Sons]], ISBN 978-0-471-72083-6
{{refend}}
==External links==
{{Sister project links|voy=Cupertino}}
* {{Official website}}
{{Finance links
| name = Apple Inc.
| symbol = AAPL
| sec_cik = 320193
| hoovers = Apple_Inc.4c9baa063908dbd8
}}
* {{OpenCorp|Apple}}
* {{Osmway|33463538|Apple Inc. headquarters}}
{{Apple|state=expanded}}
{{Apple celeb}}
{{NASDAQ-100}}
{{Dow Jones Industrial Average companies}}
{{Major information technology companies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Apple Inc.|Companies|San Francisco Bay Area}}
<!-- Please only add categories that apply to this specific article -->
[[Category:Apple Inc.| ]]
[[Category:Computer companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Companies based in Cupertino, California]]
[[Category:Companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average]]
[[Category:Computer companies established in 1976]]
[[Category:1976 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Computer hardware companies]]
[[Category:Display technology companies]]
[[Category:Electronics companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Home computer hardware companies]]
[[Category:Mobile phone manufacturers]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in the United States]]
[[Category:Networking hardware companies]]
[[Category:Portable audio player manufacturers]]
[[Category:Publicly traded companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Electronics companies]]
[[Category:Retail companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Software companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area]]
[[Category:Software companies established in 1976]]
[[Category:Steve Jobs]]
[[Category:Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area]]
[[Category:Technology companies established in 1976]]
[[Category:Warrants issued in Hong Kong Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Technology companies of the United States]]All content in the above text box is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license Version 4 and was originally sourced from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=724935562.
  This site is not affiliated with or endorsed in any way by the Wikimedia Foundation or any of its affiliates. In fact, we fucking despise them.
|