Revision 796698287 of "List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll" on enwiki

{{redirect|Death toll|the film|Death Toll}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{refimprove|date=April 2017}}
{{notability|date=April 2017}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=June 2017}}
}}

[[File:GolodomorKharkiv.jpg|300px|thumb|Starved peasants during the [[Holodomor]] disaster]]
This is a '''list of wars and [[anthropogenic hazard|anthropogenic disasters]] by death toll'''.
It covers the name of the event, the location, and the start and end of each event. Some events may belong in more than one category. In addition, some of the listed events overlap each other, and in some cases the death toll from a smaller event is included in the one for the larger event or time period of which it was part.

==Wars and armed conflicts whose highest estimated casualties are 1,000,000 or more==
{{main article|List of wars by death toll}}
''These figures of one million or more deaths include the deaths of civilians from [[infectious disease|diseases]], [[famine]], etc., as well as deaths of soldiers in battle and [[wikt:massacre|massacres]] and [[genocide]]. Where only one estimate is available, it appears in both the low and high estimates.''

{| style="width:100%;" class="sortable wikitable"
|- style="background:#CCCC;"
!data-sort-type="number" | Geom. mean estimate<ref name="Pinto 2014 173–180">{{Citation
|title = Casualties Distribution in Human and Natural Hazards|publisher = Springer Netherlands|journal = Mathematical Methods in Engineering|date = 2014|isbn = 978-94-007-7182-6|pages = 173–180|first = Carla M. A.|last = Pinto|first2 = A. Mendes|last2 = Lopes|first3 = J. A. Tenreiro|last3 = Machado|editor-first = Nuno Miguel Fonseca|editor-last = Ferreira|editor2-first = José António Tenreiro|editor2-last = Machado|doi = 10.1007/978-94-007-7183-3_16}}</ref>
!data-sort-type="number" | Lowest estimate!! style="width:7%;" data-sort-type="number" | Highest estimate !! style="width:12%;" | Event !! style="width:20%;" | Location !! style="width:5%;" | From !! width="5%" data-sort-type="number" | To !! width="5%" data-sort-type="number" | Duration (years) !! style="width:25%;" | Notes, See also

|-
|{{nts|74330344}}<ref name="WWII: The Casualties">{{cite web|url=http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob62.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225004221/http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob62.html|title=WWII: The Casualties|archivedate=25 December 2010|publisher=}}</ref>
|{{nts|65000000}}<ref name="David Wallechinsky">{{cite book| author = David Wallechinsky| title = David Wallechinskys 20th Century: History With the Boring Parts Left Out| date = 1996-09-01| publisher = Little Brown| isbn = 978-0-316-92056-8 }}</ref>||{{nts|85000000}}<ref name="Fink">{{Cite book|title = Stress of War, Conflict and Disaster|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=rOq4XV94wLsC&dq=Fink,+George:+Stress+of+War,+Conflict+and+Disaster&source=gbs_navlinks_s|publisher = Academic Press|date = 2010-11-25|isbn = 9780123813824|first = George|last = Fink}}</ref>||[[World War II]] ||Worldwide|| {{nts|1939|format=no}}||{{nts|1945|format=no}}||{{ntsh|6.03}}6 years and 1 day|| [[World War II casualties]] <small>(includes worldwide [[Holocaust]] and [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camps]] deaths). Estimates include the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]].</small>
|-
|{{nts|44721360}}
|{{nts|20000000}}<ref name="Concise.britannica.com">{{cite web|url=http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9380148/Taiping |title=Taiping Rebellion – Britannica Concise |work=Concise.britannica.com |accessdate=2013-08-23}}</ref>
|{{nts|100000000}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://taipingrebellion.com/ |title=The Taiping Rebellion 1850–1871 Tai Ping Tian Guo |work=Taipingrebellion.com |accessdate=2013-08-23}}</ref><ref>Livre noir du Communisme: crimes, terreur, répression, page 468</ref><ref>By Train to Shanghai: A Journey on the Trans-Siberian Railway By William J. Gingles page 259</ref>
|[[Taiping Rebellion]]
|China
|{{nts|1851|format=no}}
|{{nts|1864|format=no}}
|{{nts|14}}
|Inspired by [[Hong Xiuquan]]; see also [[Dungan Revolt (1862–77)|Dungan Revolt]], a Muslim rebellion.
|-
|{{nts|37947332}}
|{{nts|36000000}}<ref name="Robert B. Marks">{{cite book| author = Robert B. Marks| title = China: Its Environment and History (World Social Change)| year = 2011| publisher = Rowman & Littlefield Publishers| isbn = 1442212756 }}</ref>||{{nts|40000000}}<ref name="Graziella Caselli">{{cite book| author = Graziella Caselli| title = Demography – Analysis and Synthesis: A Treatise in Population| year = 2005| publisher = Academic Press| isbn = 012765660X  }}</ref>||[[Three Kingdoms|Three Kingdoms War]]||China||{{nts|184}}||{{nts|280}}||{{nts|96}}|| [[End of the Han dynasty]]
|-
|{{nts|34641016}}
|{{nts|30000000}}<ref name="White">The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368, 1994, p.622, cited by [http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Yuan White]</ref>||{{nts|40000000}}<ref name="horriblethings" /> ||[[Mongol conquests]]  ||Eurasia||{{nts|1206|format=no}}||{{nts|1368|format=no}}||{{nts|163}}|| [[Mongol Empire]], [[Destruction under the Mongol Empire]]
|-
|{{nts|34047026}}
|{{nts|8400000}}<ref name="BXScience">[http://www.bxscience.edu/ourpages/auto/2009/4/5/34767803/Pre-Columbian%20population.pdf Pre-Columbian Population]{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>||{{nts|138000000}}<ref name="American Philosophy 1491">''American Philosophy: From Wounded Knee to the Present''; Erin McKenna, Scott L. Pratt; Bloomsbury; 2015; Page 375; "It is also apparent that the shared history of the hemisphere is one framed by the dual tragedies of genocide and slavery, both of which are part of the legacy of the European invasions of the past 500 years.  Indigenous people north and south were displaced, died of disease, and were killed by Europeans through slavery, rape and war.  In 1491, about 145 million people lived in the western hemisphere.  By 1691, the population of indigenous Americans had declined by 90–95 percent."</ref>
||[[European colonization of the Americas]]
||[[Americas]]
||{{nts|1492|format=no}}
||{{nts|1691|format=no}}
||{{nts|199}}
||Death toll estimates vary due to lack of consensus as to the demographic size of the native population pre-Columbus, which might never be accurately determined.{{efn|
[[Spanish Empire]], [[Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas]], [[Native American disease and epidemics]]. These death toll estimates vary due to lack of consensus as to the demographic size of the native population pre-Columbus, which some say might never be accurately determined. Modern scholarship tend to side with the higher estimates, but there is still variance based on calculation methods used. Even using conservative populations estimates, however, "one dreadful conclusion is inescapable: the 150 years after Columbus's arrival brought a toll on human life in this hemisphere comparable to all of the world's losses during World War II."<ref>http://www.bxscience.edu/ourpages/auto/2009/4/5/34767803/Pre-Columbian%20population.pdf{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> "Against the alien agents of disease, the indigenous people never had a chance. Their immune systems were unprepared to fight smallpox and measles, malaria and yellow fever. The epidemics that resulted have been well documented."<ref name="NYT3">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/29/science/don-t-blame-columbus-for-all-the-indians-ills.html|title=Don't Blame Columbus for All the Indians' Ills|date=29 October 2002|work=The New York Times}}</ref>  A small industry of researchers in recent years have focused their attention on Native American population size in 1492, and the subsequent decimation of the population after contact with Europeans.<ref>Richard H. Steckel and Jerome C. Rose: ''The Backbone of History Health and Nutrition in the Western Hemisphere'', Cambridge University Press; 1st edition; p. 79; {{ISBN|9780521617444}}</ref>  They say their findings in no way diminish the "dreadful impact Old World diseases had on the people of the New World. But it suggests that the New World was hardly a healthful Eden." For example, they note that as the previously thriving indigenous peoples became more urbanized and less mobile, they succumbed to the same declining sanitation and health conditions of other urban cultures, including tuberculosis.  The researchers stress, however, that "their findings in no way mitigated the responsibility of Europeans as bearers of disease devastating to native societies."<ref name="NYT3"/>}}
|-
|{{nts|25000000}}
|{{nts|25000000}}<ref name="Alan Macfarlane">{{cite book| author = Alan Macfarlane| title = The Savage Wars of Peace: England, Japan and the Malthusian Trap| date = 1997-05-28| publisher = Wiley-Blackwell| isbn = 978-0-631-18117-0 }}</ref>|| {{nts|25000000}} ||[[Manchu conquest of China|Qing dynasty conquest of the Ming dynasty]]||[[China]]||{{nts|1618|format=no}}||{{nts|1683|format=no}}||{{nts|65}}|| [[Qing dynasty]]
|-
||{{nts|20770000}}
||{{nts|20770000}}
||{{nts|20770000}}
||[[Dungan Revolt (1862–77)|Dungan Revolt]]
||Gansu and Shaanxi, China
||1862
||1877
||{{nts|15}}
||[[Du Wenxiu Rebellion]]
|-
|{{nts|18384776}}
|{{nts|13000000}}<ref name="horriblethings">{{cite book| author = Matthew White| author-link = Matthew White (historian)| year = 2012| title = The Great Big Book of Horrible Things: The Definitive Chronicle of History's 100 Worst Atrocities| publisher = W. W. Norton| pages = 529–530| isbn = 978-0-393-08192-3 }}</ref>||{{nts|36000000}}<ref name="ALSR">{{cite web | url=http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm | title=Death toll figures of recorded wars in human history}}</ref> ||[[An Lushan Rebellion]]||[[China]]||{{nts|755}}||{{nts|763}}||{{nts|9}}|| [[Medieval warfare]]
|-
|{{nts|17748239}}
|{{nts|15000000}}<ref>{{harvnb|Willmott|2003|p=307}}</ref>||{{nts|21000000}} ||[[World War I]]
||Worldwide
||{{nts|1914|format=no}}||{{nts|1918|format=no}}||{{ntsh|4.27}}4 years, 3 months, 1 week|| [[World War I casualties]]<br />Does not include worldwide [[Spanish flu]] deaths.
|-
||{{nts|17000000}}
||{{nts|17000000}}
||{{nts|17000000}}
||[[Timur|Conquest of Timur]]
||Central, East and South Asia
||1400s
||1500s
||{{nts|35}}
||17 million people or 5% of the world's population at the time.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1999-01-17/news/9901170256_1_uzbek-islam-karimov-tashkent | work=Chicago Tribune | title=The Rehabilitation Of Tamerlane | date=17 January 1999}}</ref><ref>[[John Joseph Saunders|J.J. Saunders]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=nFx3OlrBMpQC&pg=PA174&lpg=PA174 The history of the Mongol conquests] (page 174), Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., 1971, {{ISBN|0812217667}}</ref>
|-
|{{nts|8000000}}
|{{nts|8000000}}<ref name="Michael Lynch">{{cite book| author = Michael Lynch| title = The Chinese Civil War 1945–49| year = 2010| publisher = Osprey Publishing.| isbn = 978-1-84176-671-3 }}</ref>||{{nts|11692000}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/CHINA.CHAP1.HTM |title=China's Bloody Century |accessdate=2017-07-31 |deadurl=no}}</ref>||[[Chinese Civil War]]||China||{{nts|1927|format=no}}||{{nts|1949|format=no}}||{{nts|22}}|| [[List of civil wars]]
|-
|-
|{{nts|6708204}}
|{{nts|5000000}}{{Citation needed|date=August 2007}}||{{nts|9000000}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUScivilwar.htm |title=Russian Civil War |work=Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk |accessdate=2013-08-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205201225/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUScivilwar.htm |archivedate=2010-12-05 |df= }}</ref>||[[Russian Civil War]]||Russia||{{nts|1917|format=no}}||{{nts|1921|format=no}}||{{nts|5}}|| [[Russian Revolution]], [[List of civil wars]]
|-
|{{nts|8000000}}
|{{nts|3000000}}{{Citation needed|date=August 2007}}||{{nts|11500000}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#30YrW |title=The Thirty Years War (1618–48) |work=Users.erols.com |accessdate=2013-08-23}}</ref>||[[Thirty Years' War]]||[[Holy Roman Empire]], Europe||{{nts|1618|format=no}}||{{nts|1648|format=no}}||{{nts|30}}|| Initially a [[religious war]] between [[Catholics]] and [[Protestants]], became a general European political war. It was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in [[History of Europe|European history]].
|-
|{{nts|4949747}}
|{{nts|3500000}}<br />{{Citation needed|date=August 2007}}||{{nts|7000000}}<ref>Charles Esdaile "Napoleon's Wars: An International History."</ref>||[[Napoleonic Wars]]||Europe, Atlantic, Pacific and [[Indian Ocean]]||{{nts|1803|format=no}}||{{nts|1815|format=no}}||{{nts|13}}||[[Napoleonic Wars casualties]]
|-
|{{nts|4582576}}
|{{nts|3000000}}<ref name="turban" />||{{nts|7000000}}<ref name="turban">{{cite web|url=http://www.paranormalknowledge.com/articles/mankinds-worst-wars-and-armed-conflicts.html|title=Mankind's Worst Wars and Armed Conflicts
|accessdate=December 7, 2010}}</ref>||[[Yellow Turban Rebellion]]||China||{{nts|184}}||{{nts|205}}||{{nts|22}}|| Part of [[Three Kingdoms War]]
|-
|{{nts|3674235}}
|{{nts|2500000}}<ref>Bethany Lacina and Nils Petter Gleditsch, [http://www.eui.eu/Documents/DepartmentsCentres/SPS/Seminars/SeminarsF09/PVSEMF08/LacinaGleditschMonitoringTrendsInGlobalCombatEJP2005.pdf "Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths], European Journal of Population" (2005) 21: 145–166.</ref>||{{nts|5400000}}<ref>[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L22802012.htm "Congo war-driven crisis kills 45,000 a month-study"] – ''[[Reuters]]'', 22 Jan 2008.</ref>||[[Second Congo War]]||[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]||{{nts|1998|format=no}}||{{nts|2003|format=no}}||{{nts|6}}||[[First Congo War]]
|-
|{{nts|2828427}}
|{{nts|2000000}}||{{nts|4000000}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#Huguenot |title=Huguenot Religious Wars, Catholic vs. Huguenot (1562–1598) |work=Users.erols.com |accessdate=2013-08-23}}</ref>||[[French Wars of Religion]]||[[France]]||{{nts|1562|format=no}}||{{nts|1598|format=no}}||{{nts|37}}|| Largely a [[religious war]] between [[Catholics]] and [[Huguenots]] ([[France|French]] [[Calvinist]] [[Protestants]])
|-
|{{nts|2754995}}
|{{nts|2300000}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Landscapes in History |author=Philip Pregill |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-471-29328-6}}</ref>||{{nts|3300000}}<ref>{{cite book |title=France in the Sixteenth Century |author=Frederic Baumgartner |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-312-15856-9}}</ref>||[[Hundred Years' War]]||[[Western Europe]]||{{nts|1337|format=no}}||{{nts|1453|format=no}}||{{nts|116}}||[[Hundred Years' War (1337–60)|Edwardian War (1337–1360)]], [[Hundred Years' War (1369–89)|Caroline War (1369–1389)]], [[Hundred Years' War (1415–53)|Lancastrian War (1415–53)]]
|-
|{{nts|1732051}}
|{{nts|1500000}}<ref name="horriblethings" />||{{nts|2000000}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historynet.com/wars_conflicts/19_century/3032216.html?page=4&c=y |title=Shaka: Zulu Chieftain |work=Historynet.com |accessdate=2013-08-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209113856/http://www.historynet.com/wars_conflicts/19_century/3032216.html?page=4&c=y |archivedate=2008-02-09 |df= }}</ref>||[[Shaka]]'s conquests||[[Southern Africa]]||{{nts|1816|format=no}}||{{nts|1828|format=no}}||{{nts|13}}|| [[Ndwandwe–Zulu War]]
|-
|{{nts|1732051}}
|{{nts|1500000}}<ref name="whiteafghan" />||{{nts|2000000}}<ref name="whiteafghan" />||[[War in Afghanistan (1978–present)|War in Afghanistan]]||Afghanistan||{{nts|1979|format=no}}||{{nts|2000|format=no}}||{{nts|22}}|| [[Soviet–Afghan War]], [[Taliban]] era.  Death toll estimates through 1999 (2M) and 2000 (1.5M and 2M).
|-
|{{nts|1732051}}
|{{nts|1000000}}|| {{nts|3000000}}{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} || [[Nigerian Civil War]] || [[Nigeria]] || {{nts|1966|format=no}} || {{nts|1970|format=no}} || {{nts|4}} || Ethnic cleansings of the [[Igbo people]] followed by Civil War.
|-
|{{nts|1732051}}
|{{nts|1000000}}<ref>John Shertzer Hittell, "A Brief History of Culture" (1874) p.137: "''In the two centuries of this warfare one million persons had been slain...''" [http://users.rcn.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#Crusades cited by White]</ref>||{{nts|3000000}}<ref>Robertson, John M., "A Short History of Christianity" (1902) p.278. [http://users.rcn.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#Crusades Cited by White]</ref> ||[[Crusades]]||[[Holy Land]], Europe||{{nts|1095|format=no}}||{{nts|1291|format=no}}|| {{nts|197}}|| Christian military excursions against the [[Muslim Conquests]].
|-
|{{nts|1549193}}
|{{nts|800000}}<ref>Charles Hirschman et al., "Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate," Population and Development Review, December 1995.</ref>|| {{nts|3000000}}<ref>{{cite news |title=20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate |first=Philip |last=Shenon |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/23/world/20-years-after-victory-vietnamese-communists-ponder-how-to-celebrate.html |date=23 April 1995 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=24 February 2011 }}</ref>||[[Vietnam War]]||[[Southeast Asia]]||{{nts|1955|format=no}}||{{nts|1975|format=no}}||{{nts|21}}|| [[Cold War]] and [[First Indochina War]]
|-
|{{nts|1520691}}
|{{nts|1250000}}<ref>Nigel Bagnall., "The Punic Wars" June 23, 2005.</ref>||{{nts|1850000}}||[[Punic Wars]]||[[Mediterranean]]||{{ntsh|-264}}264 BC||{{ntsh|-146}}146 BC||{{nts|118}}|| [[Carthage]], [[Roman Republic]]
|-
|{{nts|1414214}}
|{{nts|1000000}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.refugees.org/news/crisis/sudan.htm |title=Sudan: Nearly 2 million dead as a result of the world's longest running civil war |accessdate=2004-12-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041210024759/http://www.refugees.org/news/crisis/sudan.htm |archivedate=2004-12-10 |df= }}, U.S. Committee for Refugees, 2001. Archived 10 December 2004 on the [[Internet Archive]]. Accessed 10 April 2007</ref>||{{nts|2000000}} ||[[Second Sudanese Civil War]]|| [[Sudan]]||{{nts|1983|format=no}}||{{nts|2005|format=no}}||{{nts|23}}|| [[First Sudanese Civil War]]
|-
||{{nts|1341641}}
||{{nts|1200000}}
||{{nts|1500000}}
||[[Warring States period]]
||[[China]]
||475 B.C.
||221 B.C.
||255
||<ref>[[Derk Bodde]], ''China's First Unifier: A Study in the Ch'in Dynasty as Seen in the Life of Li Ssu, 280? – 208 BC'', Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1967, p 5-6.</ref><ref>Chris Peers estimates that 1,500,000 were killed before the last campaign in 230–221 BC, ''Warlords of China, 700 BC to AD 1662'', London: Arms and Armour, 1998, p 59.</ref>
|-
|{{nts|1200000}}
|{{nts|1200000}}<ref name="Lacina/Gleditsch">{{cite journal|last1=Lacina|first1=Bethany|last2=Gleditsch|first2=Nils Petter|url=http://www.bethanylacina.com/LacinaGleditsch_newdata.pdf|title=Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths|journal=European Journal of Population|volume=21|year=2005|p=154}}</ref>
||{{nts|1200000}}<ref name="Lacina/Gleditsch"/>||[[Korean War]]||[[Korean Peninsula]]||{{nts|1950|format=no}}||{{nts|1953|format=no}}||{{nts|4}}|| Categorized as part of the [[Cold War]].
|-
|{{nts|1095445}}
|{{nts|600000}}<ref name="whiteafghan">{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Afghanistan |title=Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century |work=Necrometrics.com |accessdate=September 24, 2012}}</ref>||{{nts|2000000}}<ref name="whiteafghan" /> ||[[Soviet–Afghan War]]||[[Afghanistan]]||{{nts|1980|format=no}}||{{nts|1988|format=no}}||{{nts|9}}|| Sometimes categorized as a [[proxy war]] during the [[Cold War]].
|-
||{{nts|1000000}}
||{{nts|1000000}}
||{{nts|1000000}}
||[[Japanese invasions of Korea]]
||[[Korea]]
||1592
||1598
||7
||<ref>Jones, Geo H., Vol. 23 No. 5, p. 254.</ref>
|-
|{{nts|1000000}}
|{{nts|890000}}{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}||{{ntsh|890000}}-||[[Du Wenxiu Rebellion]]||[[China]]||{{nts|1856|format=no}}||{{nts|1873|format=no}}||{{nts|18}}||
|-
|{{nts|1000000}}
|{{nts|500000}}<ref name="Mexdeaths">{{cite book| last = Buchenau| first = Jürgen| title = Mexico otherwise: modern Mexico in the eyes of foreign observers| url = https://books.google.com/?id=kxRMQXQuKYMC&pg=PA146| year = 2005| publisher = UNM Press| isbn = 0-8263-2313-8| page = 285 }}</ref>
||{{nts|2000000}}<ref name="Mexdeaths" />||[[Mexican Revolution]]||[[Mexico]], [[United States]]||{{nts|1911|format=no}}||{{nts|1920|format=no}}||{{nts|10}}|| Includes [[Pancho Villa]]'s raids and the [[Battle of Columbus (1916)|Columbus Raid]].
|-
|{{nts|948683}}
|{{nts|900000}}{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}||{{nts|1000000}} ||[[Gallic Wars]]||[[France]]||{{ntsh|-58}}58 BC||{{ntsh|-50}}50 BC||{{nts|9}}|| [[Roman Empire]]
|-
||{{nts|871,779}}
||{{nts|760300}}
||{{nts|1000000}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Alemayehu|title=My Journey with the United Nations and Quest for the Horn of Africa's Unity and Justice for Ethiopia|date=2017|publisher=Dorrance Publishing|page=314|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zc2DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA314&lpg=#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref>
||[[Abyssinian Conquest]]
||[[Ethiopia]]
||1935
||1941
||6
||
|-
||{{nts|800000}}
||{{nts|650000}}
||{{nts|1000000}}
||[[American Civil War]]
||[[Southeastern United States]]
||1861
||1865
||4 Years
||[[United States]]
|-
||{{nts|724569}}
||{{nts|350000}}
||{{nts|1500000}}
||[[Algerian War]]
||[[Algeria]]
||1954
||1962
||7 Years, 4 Months, 2 Weeks, and 4 Days
||<ref name="Horne 538">{{cite book|first=Alistair|last=Horne|pages=538|title=A Savage War of Peace|ISBN=0-670-61964-7}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|707389}}
||{{nts|400000}}
||{{nts|1251000}}
||[[War of the Spanish Succession]]
||[[Europe]], [[North America]], [[South America]]
||1702
||1714
||12
||
|-
|{{nts|707107}}
|{{nts|500000}}||{{nts|1000000}}||[[Spanish Civil War]]||[[Spain]]||{{nts|1936|format=no}}||{{nts|1939|format=no}}||{{nts|4}}||
|-
|{{nts|600000}}
|{{nts|300000}}<ref>Jurg Meister, Francisco Solano López Nationalheld oder Kriegsverbrecher?, Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag, 1987. 345, 355, 454–5</ref>
||{{nts|1200000}}<ref>Another estimate is that from the pre-war population of 1,337,437, the population fell to 221,709 (28,746 men, 106,254 women, 86,079 children) by the end of the war (War and the Breed, David Starr Jordan, p. 164. Boston, 1915; Applied Genetics, Paul Popenoe, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1918)</ref>||[[Paraguayan War]]||[[Southern Cone]]||{{nts|1864|format=no}}||{{nts|1870|format=no}}||{{nts|7}}|| [[Military history of South America]], [[Francisco Solano López]] and [[Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias]]
|-
|{{nts|585423}}
|{{nts|272000}}<ref name="costsofwar">{{cite web|url=http://costsofwar.org/sites/default/files/HMCHART_2.pdf|title=Human costs of war: Direct war death in Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan October 2001 – February 2013|work=Costs of War|date=February 2013|accessdate=14 June 2013}}</ref>
|| {{nts|1260000}}<ref name="costsofwar" /><ref name="update">[http://www.opinion.co.uk/Newsroom_details.aspx?NewsId=88 "Update on Iraqi Casualty Data"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201144355/http://www.opinion.co.uk/Newsroom_details.aspx?NewsId=88 |date=2008-02-01 }} by [[Opinion Research Business]]. January 2008.</ref><ref name="orb2008jan28">[http://www.opinion.co.uk/Documents/Revised%20Casulaty%20Data%20-%20Press%20release.doc "Revised Casualty Analysis. New Analysis 'Confirms' 1 Million+ Iraq Casualties"]. January 28, 2008. [[Opinion Research Business]]. [http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=3657ce88-7cfa-457a-9aec-f4f827f20cac Word Viewer for.doc files].</ref> || [[War on Terror]] || Worldwide || {{nts|2001|format=no}} || {{nts|2013|format=no}} || {{nts|12}} || Includes [[Iraq War]], [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)]], and [[War in North-West Pakistan]].
|-
||{{nts|564041}}
||{{nts|289220}}
||{{nts|1100000}}
||[[Iran-Iraq War]]
||[[Iran-Iraq border]]
||1980
||1988
||Over 8 Years
||[[Iran]] claims: 123,220 [[Killed in action|KIA]] + 11,000 civilians
[[Iraq]] claims: 105,000 [[Killed in action|KIA]] + 50,000 in [[Kurdish Genocide]]

Others claim 600,000 [[Iranian peoples|Iranians]] killed and 500,000 [[Iraqis]]
|-
||{{nts|279285}}
||{{nts|26000}}
||{{nts|3000000}}
||[[Bangladesh Liberation War]]
||[[East Pakistan]]
||1971
||1971
||1
||[[1971 Bangladesh genocide#Estimated killed|See Bangladeshi Genocide casualties]]

|}

==Genocide, ethnic cleansing, and mass ethno/religious persecution==
{{main article|List of genocides by death toll|Genocides in history}}
[[File:Nyamata Memorial Site 13.jpg|thumb|Skulls from [[Rwandan genocide]]]]
''Event that entail the intentional mass murder of individuals on the basis of ethnicity, religion, or race, or death caused by the forced eviction of individuals on the basis of race, religion or ethnicity.''

{| style="width:100%;" class="sortable wikitable"
|- style="background:#CCCC;"
!data-sort-type="number" | Geom. mean estimate<ref name="Pinto 2014 173–180"/>
!data-sort-type="number" | Lowest estimate!! data-sort-type="number" | Highest estimate !! data-sort-type="number" | Event !! style="width:10%;" | Location !! style="width:5%;" | From !! width="5%" data-sort-type="number" | To !! width="50%" data-sort-type="number" | Notes
|-
||{{nts|13684700}}
||{{nts|13684700}}
||{{nts|13684700}}
||[[World War II casualties of the Soviet Union|Nazi Genocide of Soviet Slavs]]
||[[Nazi]] occupied Europe and Russia
||1939
||1945
||[[Nazi Germany|The Nazi Regimes]] extermination of Slavic peoples and citizens of the USSR. Figure given is both as intentional genocide and overall civilian war casualties.
|-
||{{nts|5143928}}||{{nts|4200000}}<ref>Reitlinger, Gerald. The Final Solution. The Attempt to Exterminate the Jews of Europe, 1939–1945. New York: Beechhurst Press. Review by Friedman, Philip (1954). "Review of The Final Solution". Jewish Social Studies 16 (2): 186–9. {{JSTOR|4465231}}. See also a review by Hyamson, Albert M. (1953). "Review of The Final Solution". International Affairs 29 (4): 494–5. {{JSTOR|2606046}}</ref>
||{{nts|6300000}}<ref>"How many Jews were murdered in the Holocaust?". Yad Vashem. (FAQs about the Holocaust).</ref><ref>"The Holocaust: Tracing Lost Family Members". JVL. Retrieved November 2013.</ref>
||[[Holocaust]]
||[[Nazi]] occupied Europe
||1941
||1945
||The main systematic and bureaucratic genocide against European Jewry by [[Nazi Germany]] and its puppet states.
|-
||{{nts|4601698}}<br /><br /><br />{{nts|4242641}}
||{{nts|2711000}}<br /><br /><br />{{nts|2400000}}
||{{nts|7811000}}<br /><br /><br />{{nts|10000000}}
||[[Holodomor|Ukrainian Genocide]]<br /><br />[[Soviet famine of 1932–33]]
||[[Ukraine]]
||1932<br /><br /><br />1932
||1947<br /><br /><br />1933
||Ukrainian Genocide usually refers to the man made famine of 1932 through 1933 called the [[Holodomor]] in which the grain of [[Ukrainians]] were confiscated to the point where [[Ukrainians]] could not survive off the amount of grain they had and were also restricted from fleeing their villages to find food under threat of execution or deportation into a [[Gulag]] camp. The term also refers to the killing of Ukrainian intelligentsia during the [[Great Purge]] especially the [[Orthodox Church]]. The main advocate for this view was [[Raphael Lemkin]] creator of the word [[genocide]]. First death toll is famine and second death toll is combined body count of famine and executions of [[Ukrainians]] and uses data from after the opening of the soviet archives. (2.4 to 7.5 million in famine, 0.3 million during the purge and 0.011 million from [[Law of Spikelets]].)<ref>"Seven million died in the 'forgotten' holocaust – Eric Margolis". www.ukemonde.com. Retrieved 2016-01-05.</ref><ref>Stanislav Kulchytsky, "How many of us perished in Holodomor in 1933", Zerkalo Nedeli, 23–29 November 2002. Available online in Russian at the Wayback Machine (archived 21 July 2006) and in Ukrainian at the Wayback Machine (archived 5 May 2006)</ref><ref>Stalislav Kulchytsky, "Demographic losses in Ukrainian in the twentieth century" at the Wayback Machine (archived 21 July 2006), Zerkalo Nedeli, 2–8 October 2004 (in Russian), and (in Ukrainian) at the Wayback Machine (archived 13 March 2007)</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Ellman | first1 = Michael | year = 2005 | title = "The Role of Leadership Perceptions and of Intent in the Soviet Famine of 1931–1934" (PDF) | url = | journal = Europe-Asia Studies | volume = 57 | issue = 6| pages = 823–41 | doi = 10.1080/09668130500199392 }}</ref><ref name="Ellman">[http://www1.fee.uva.nl/pp/mjellman/ Michael Ellman] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014232729/http://www1.fee.uva.nl/pp/mjellman/ |date=2007-10-14 }},
[http://www.paulbogdanor.com/left/soviet/famine/ellman1933.pdf Stalin and the Soviet Famine of 1932–33 Revisited] ''Europe-Asia Studies'', [[Routledge]]. Vol. 59, No. 4, June 2007, 663–693. [[PDF]] file</ref><ref>Snyder 2010, p. 53. "One demographic retrojection suggests a figure of 2.5 million famine deaths for Soviet Ukraine. This is too close to the recorded figure of excess deaths, which is about 2.4 million. The latter figure must be substantially low, since many deaths were not recorded. Another demographic calculation, carried out on behalf of the authorities of independent Ukraine, provides the figure of 3.9 million dead. The truth is probably in between these numbers, where most of the estimates of respectable scholars can be found. It seems reasonable to propose a figure of approximately 3.3 million deaths by starvation and hunger-related disease in Soviet Ukraine in 1932–1933".</ref><ref>David R. Marples. Heroes and Villains: Creating National History in Contemporary Ukraine. p.50</ref><ref>Deleting the Holodomor:Ukraine Unmakes Itself on World Affairs by Alexander J.Motyl http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/deleting-holodomor-ukraine-unmakes-itself</ref>
|-
||{{nts|2770000}}
||{{nts|2770000}}
||{{nts|2770000}}
||[[Nazi crimes against the Polish nation|Nazi Holocaust against ethnic Poles]]
||[[Nazi]] occupied [[Poland]]
||1941
||1945
||[[Genocide]] of Christian Poles during the invasion of [[Poland]] by [[Nazi Germany]].
|-
||{{nts|2171381}}
||{{nts|1386734}}<ref name="Bruce Sharp">{{cite web
 | last = Sharp
 | first = Bruce
 | title = Counting Hell: The Death Toll of the Khmer Rouge Regime in Cambodia
 |date= April 1, 2005
 | url = http://www.mekong.net/cambodia/deaths.htm
 | accessdate =July 5, 2006 }}</ref>
||{{nts|3400000}}<ref name="Heuveline, Patrick 2001">Heuveline, Patrick (2001). "The Demographic Analysis of Mortality in Cambodia." In Forced Migration and Mortality, eds. Holly E. Reed and Charles B. Keely. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.</ref>
||[[Khmer Rouge Killing Fields]]
||[[Democratic Kampuchea]]
||1975
||1979
||The arbitrary torture, execution, starvation and enslavement of the population [[Cambodia]] under the rule of [[Pol Pot]] and the [[Khmer Rouge]] for the sake of achieving [[Agrarian socialism]], and the [[Cambodian Genocide#Ethnic and Religious Victims|genocide of religious and ethnic minorities by the Khmer Rouge]]. Minimum death toll is the number of corpses found in the [[Killing Fields]].
|-
||{{nts|1777484}} <br /> {{nts|1989284}}
||{{nts|1239000}} <br /> {{nts|1439000}}
||{{nts|2550000}} <br /> {{nts|2750000}}
||[[Ottoman Empire]] [[Armenian Genocide|Ho]] [[Assyrian Genocide|loc]] [[Greek Genocide|au]] [[Great Famine of Mount Lebanon|st]]
||[[Ottoman Empire]]
||1913
||1922
||A collective term to refer to the various [[genocides]] and [[Ethnic cleansings]] the [[Ottoman Empire]] committed under the administration of the [[Young Turks]]. Death toll is the combined death tolls of the [[Armenian Genocide]] (800,000 to 1,500,000), [[Assyrian Genocide]] (150,000 to 300,000), and [[Greek Genocide]] (289,000 to 750,000), and other death toll is the genocides combined with the [[Great Famine of Mount Lebanon]] which some also consider part of the same genocidal policy.
|-
||{{nts|1234190}}
||{{nts|905000}}
||{{nts|1595000}}
||[[First Congo War|Hutu]] [[Burundian Genocide|and Tutsi]]<br />[[Rwandan Genocide|Holocaust]]
||[[Burundi]], [[Rwanda]] and [[Zaire]]
||1959
||1997
||Combined death toll of all [[genocides]] and other massacres between the [[Hutus]] and the [[Tutsis]].
|-
||{{nts|1224745}}
||{{nts|1000000}}
||{{nts|1500000}}
||[[Population transfer in the Soviet Union]]
||[[Soviet Union]]
||1920
||1951
||May include casualties of [[decossackization]].
|-
|| {{nts|1224745}}
|| {{nts|500000}}
|| {{nts|3000000}}
|| [[Expulsion of Germans after World War II|The Ethnic Cleansing of Germans]]
|| Eastern Europe
|| 1945
|| 1950
||Both direct and indirect deaths of ethnic German civilians and POWs during the redrawing of national borders after World War II.
|-
||{{nts|1095445}}
||{{nts|800000}}
||{{nts|1500000}}
||[[Armenian Genocide|Armenian Genocide / Medz Yeghern / Aghet]]
||[[Ottoman Empire]]
||1914
||1918
||The first [[genocide]] of the 20th century to kill over 1,000,000 people, this event was conducted by the [[Young Turks]] government of the [[Ottoman Empire]] under the administration of [[Talaat Pasha]], [[Enver Pasha]] and [[Djemal Pasha]].
|-
||{{nts|1000000}}
||{{nts|1000000}}
||{{nts|1000000}}
||[[Punti-Hakka Clan Wars#Resolution|Hakka Genocide by Qing Empire]]
||[[China]]
||Unclear but a single month between 1850 and 1867
||Unclear but a single month between 1850 and 1867
||After the fall of the [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]] the [[Qing]] government cracked down on the [[Hakka]] ethnic group for allying with the kingdom slaughtering 30,000 per day. The death toll of the [[Punti-Hakka Clan Wars]] is estimated to be 1,000,000 and there was also a mass execution during the [[Taiping Rebellion]] that killed 1,000,000. It is unclear whether these events refer to the Qing crackdown. If this death toll is applied to the estimated death rate, the massacre likely took place over the course of a month.<ref>Purcell, Victor. CHINA. London: Ernest Benn, 1962. p. 167</ref><ref>Quoted in Ibid., p. 239.</ref><ref>Chesneaux, Jean. PEASANT REVOLTS IN CHINA, 1840–1949. Translated by C. A. Curwen. New York: W. W. Norton, 1973. p. 40</ref>
|-

||{{nts|829,819}}
||{{nts|628000}}
||{{nts|1100000}}
||[[Persecution of Ottoman Muslims#Caucasus Campaign|Turkish and Kurdish massacres by the Russian Empire]]
||[[Russian Empire]]
||1914
||1916
||Hundreds of thousands to over a million [[Turkish peoples|Turkish]] and [[Kurd]]ish civilians are alleged to have been massacred by forces loyal to the [[Russian Empire]] during [[World War I]] including half a million in Central Asia according to [[Arnold Toynbee]] and another 128 to 600 thousand perished during the Caucasus Campaign.<ref>{{cite web|first1=R.J.|last1=Rummel|title=Statistics Of Russian Democide Estimates, Calculations, And Sources|url=https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP12.HTM#3|website=STATISTICS OF DEMOCIDE}}<br />Who calculated from<br />{{cite book|last1=McCarthy|first1=Justin|title=MUSLIMS AND MINORITIES: THE POPULATION OF OTTOMAN ANATOLIA AND THE END OF THE EMPIRE|date=1983|publisher=New York University Press|page=138}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first1=M.A.|last1=Czaplicka|title=THE TURKS OF CENTRAL ASIA IN HISTORY AND AT THE PRESENT TIME: AN ETHNOLOGICAL ENQUIRY INTO THE PAN-TURANIAN PROBLEM, AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL RELATING TO THE EARLY TURKS AND THE PRESENT TURKS OF CENTRAL ASIA.|date=1918|publisher=Oxford: At The Clarendon Press|pages=16–17}}<br />link:  https://archive.org/stream/turksofcentralas00czapuoft#page/16/mode/2up</ref>
|-
||<br />
'''{{nts|821204}}'''<br />+thousands to millions more in [[Encomienda|forced labor]] and unnumbered wars and massacres in Latin America<br />(Both Americas)

'''--------------'''
<br />
{{ntsh|57038}}'''53924'''<br />+[[Siege of Fort Pitt]] victims<br />(U.S. only)

||'''{{nts|518993}}'''<br />+thousands to millions more in [[Encomienda|forced labor]] and unnumbered wars and massacres in Latin America<br />(Both Americas)

'''--------------'''
<br />
{{ntsh|39512}}'''39,193'''<br />+[[Siege of Fort Pitt]] victims<br />(U.S. only)

||<br />
'''{{nts|1299393}}'''<br />+thousands to millions more in [[Encomienda|forced labor]] and unnumbered wars and massacres in Latin America<br />(Both Americas)

'''--------------'''
<br />
{{ntsh|328193}}'''74,193'''<br />+[[Siege of Fort Pitt]] victims<br />(U.S. only)

||[[Native American Genocide]]
||[[North America|North]] and [[South America|South]] America
||1492
||Any Time Past 1492
||While the overall death toll of man made deaths of Native Americans (from both Americas) is unknown, a few events in which many Native Americans (from both Americas and across all centuries) perished. The combined death toll is the one used in this table. <br />'''United States'''
<br />[[Trail of Tears]]-2,000 to 6,000<ref>{{cite book|author=Prucha|title=Great Father''|page= 241}} note 58</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Ehle|title=Trail of Tears|pages= 390–92}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Thompson, Russel & Anderson (Editor) |title=Demography of the Trail of Tears|work=Trail of Tears|pages= 75–93}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Carter (III), Samuel |date=1976|title=Cherokee sunset: A Nation Betrayed: A Narrative of Travail and Triumph, Persecution and exile|location= New York|publisher= Doubleday|page= 232}}</ref><ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book|first= Nancy C.|last= Curtis|title= Black Heritage Sites|year= 1996|publisher= ALA Editions|location= United States|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Rk7NPRm_nB0C|page= 543|isbn = 0-8389-0643-5
}}</ref>
<br />
[[List of Indian massacres|Indian Massacres]]-7,193<ref name="Osborn, William M. 2001">Osborn, William M. (2001). ''The Wild Frontier: Atrocities During The American-Indian War from Jamestown Colony to Wounded Knee''. Garden City, NY: Random House. {{ISBN|978-0-375-50374-0}}.</ref>
9,400 to 16,000 Californian natives<ref>[[#refMadley2016|Madley 2016]], p.11, p.351</ref> (excluded from lower esrimate due to o to possible overlap, and higher estimate used for higher total
<br />
[[American Indian Wars]]-30,000 to 45,000<ref>{{cite book|title=Report on Indians taxed and Indians not taxed in the United States (except Alaska)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWkUAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA637|origyear=1894|year=1994|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|page=637}}</ref>
<br />
''Overall 39,193 to 74,193''
<br />
'''Guatemala'''
<br />
[[Guatemalan Civil War|Guatemalan Genocide]]-35,000<ref name=MayaMin>Namely the 83% of the "fully identified" 42,275 civilians killed by human rights violations during the Guatemalan Civil War. See {{harvnb|CEH|1999|p=17}}, and {{cite web |date=1 March 1999 |title=Press conference by members of the Guatemala Historical Clarification Commission |website=United Nations website |url=https://www.un.org/News/briefings/docs/1999/19990301.guate.brf.html |accessdate=June 2016  }}</ref>
to 170,000<ref name=MayaMax>Applying the same proportion as for the fully identified victims to the estimated total amount of person killed or disappeared during the Guatemalan civil war (at least 200.000). See {{harvnb|CEH|1999|p=17}}.</ref>
<br />
'''Mexico'''
<br />
[[Caste War of Yucatán]]-200,000{{sfn|Robins|Jones|2009|p=50}}
<br />
+ Unknown number of [[Apache]] killed for bounty
<br />
'''Brazil'''
<br />
[[Genocide of indigenous peoples in Brazil|Native Brazilian Genocide]]-235,000 to 800,000<ref name="necrometrics.com">{{cite web|last1=White|first1=Matthew|title=Secondary Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century – Brazil|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c300k.htm#Brazil|website=Necrometrics}}</ref>
<br />
'''Argentina'''
<br />
[[Conquest of the Desert]]-1,300<ref>Carlos A. Floria and César A. García Belsunce, 1971. ''Historia de los Argentinos'' I and II; {{ISBN|84-599-5081-6}}. {{Page needed|date=December 2008}}</ref>
<br />
'''Spain'''
<br />
[[Encomienda]]-?Thousands ? Millions?
<br />
[[Spanish colonization of the Americas]]-?Thousands ? Millions?
<br />
'''Chile'''
<br />
[[Selknam genocide]]-2,500{{sfn|Chapman|2010|p=544}} to 3,900<ref name="Gardini 1984 645–47">{{cite journal|title=Restoring the Honour of an Indian Tribe-Rescate de una tribu|first=Walter|last=Gardini|journal=Anthropos|date=1984|volume=Bd. 79, H. 4./6.|pages=645–47}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|707107}}
||{{nts|500000}}
||{{nts|1000000}}
||[[Rwandan genocide|The 100 Days of Rwandan genocide]]
||[[Rwanda]]
||April 7, 1994
||July 15, 1994
||Regarded as the most efficient [[genocide]] of the 20th century, the [[Rwandan genocide]] was the disorganized communal mass murder of [[Tutsi]]s,  by their rival tribe the [[Hutu]] through the Rwandan government and [[Hutu Power]] militias such as the [[Interahamwe]] and [[Impuzamugambi]].
|-
||{{nts|707107}}
||{{nts|500000}}
||{{nts|1000000}}
||[[French conquest of Algeria]]
||[[Algeria]]
||1827
||1875
||<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kiernan|first1=Ben|title=Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur|page=374|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XR91bs70jukC&q=374#v=snippet&q=374&f=false}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|632456}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|2000000}}
||[[Partition of India|Genocidal Massacres of the Indian Partition]]
||[[India]]
||1947
||1957
||In the riots which preceded the partition in the Punjab Province, it is believed that between 200,000 and 2,000,000 people were killed in the retributive genocide between [[Hindus]] and [[Muslims]].<ref>D'Costa, Bina (2011). Nationbuilding, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia. Routledge. p. 53. {{ISBN|9780415565660}}.</ref><ref>Sikand, Yoginder (2004). Muslims in India Since 1947: Islamic Perspectives on Inter-Faith Relations. Routledge. p. 5. {{ISBN|9781134378258}}.</ref><ref>Butalia, Urvashi (2000). The Other Side of Silence: Voices From the Partition of India. Duke University Press.</ref>
|-
||{{nts|536656}}
||{{nts|480000}}
||{{nts|600000}}
||[[Dzungar genocide]]
||[[Dzungar Khanate]]
||1755
||1758
||The mass extermination of [[Dzungar people|Dzungar]] [[mongols]] by the [[Qing dynasty]] under the order of the [[Qianlong Emperor]].
|-
||{{nts|465564}}
||{{nts|289000}}
||{{nts|750000}}
||[[Greek genocide]]
||[[Ottoman Empire]]
||1913
||1922
||Violent [[Ethnic cleansing]] of [[Greeks]] from their historical homeland of [[Anatolia]].
|-
|| {{nts|447214}}
|| {{nts|400000}}
|| {{nts|500000}}
|| [[Ethnic cleansing of Circassians]]
|| [[Circassia]]
|| 1864
|| 1867
|| Deaths from mass expulsion of Circassians after Russian conquest.
|-
||{{nts|447214}}
||{{nts|200000}}<ref name="Albigensian Crusade">{{cite web|last1=White|first1=Matthew|title=Albigensian Crusade|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Albigensian|website=necrometrics}}</ref>
||{{nts|1000000}}<ref name="Albigensian Crusade"/>
||[[Albigensian Crusade]]
||[[Languedoc]], [[France]]
||1209
||1229
||[[Raphael Lemkin]], well known as the coiner of the term [[genocide]], referred to the [[Albigensian Crusade]] as "one of the most conclusive cases of genocide in religious history".<ref name="LemkinJacobs2012">{{cite book|author=Raphael Lemkin|authorlink=Raphael Lemkin|editor=Steven Leonard Jacobs|title=Lemkin on Genocide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9pkney_zw8C&pg=PA71|accessdate=14 February 2016|year=2012|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-4526-5|page=71}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|446774}}<br />(Geometric mean of all numbers listed to the right)
||{{ntsh|26000}}26,000<br /><ref name="deathcount-pakistani">{{cite web |url= http://www.bangla2000.com/Bangladesh/Independence-War/Report-Hamoodur-Rahman/chapter2.shtm |title=Alleged atrocities by the Pakistan Army (paragraph 33) |work=Hamoodur Rahman Commission Report |date=23 October 1974 |accessdate=13 June 2014}}</ref><br />50,000<br /><ref name="bose">{{cite news |last=Jack |first=Ian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/may/21/ian-jack-bangladesh-war-genocide |title=It's not the arithmetic of genocide that's important. It's that we pay attention |publisher=The Guardian |date=20 May 2011}}</ref><br /> 100,000<br /><ref name="bose"/><br />200,000<br /><ref name="Bass">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/looking-away-from-genocide|title=Looking Away from Genocide|last=Bass|first=Gary|date=2013-11-19|newspaper=The New Yorker|issn=0028-792X|access-date=2016-03-31}}</ref><br />269,000<br /><ref>The British Medical Journal in 2008, conducted a study by Ziad Obermeyer, Christopher J. L. Murray, and Emmanuela Gakidou estimated that up to 269,000 civilians died as a result of the conflict</ref><br />300,000<br /><ref name="BBC">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16207201|title=Bangladesh war: The article that changed history – Asia |publisher=BBC |date=25 March 2010}}</ref><br />500,000<br /><ref>http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Bangladesh
* D.Smith says 500,000
* S&S: 500,000 (Civil War, Mar.-Dec. 1971)</ref><br />1,000,000<br /><ref>http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Bangladesh
* 1984 World Almanac: up to 1,000,000 civilians were killed.
* Hartman: 1,000,000 Bengalis
* B&J: 1,000,000 Bengalis
* Porter: 1M-2M
</ref><br />1,247,000 +/- 3,000<br /><ref>http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Bangladesh
* Harff & Gurr: 1,250,000 to 3,000,000
* Kuper cites a study by Chaudhuri which counted 1,247,000 dead, and mentions the possibility that it may be as many as 3,000,000.</ref><br />1,500,000<br /><ref>http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Bangladesh
* Eckhardt: 1,000,000 civ. + 500,000 mil. = 1,500,000 (Bangladesh)
* Rummel: 1,500,000.</ref><br />2,000,000<br /><ref>http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Bangladesh
* Porter: 1M-2M</ref><br />2,400,000<br /><ref>http://www.genocidebangladesh.org/</ref>
||{{nts|3000000}}<ref>http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Bangladesh
* Harff & Gurr: 1,250,000 to 3,000,000
* The official estimate in Bangladesh is 3 million dead. [AP 30 Dec. 2000; Agence France Presse 3 Oct. 2000;
* Rounaq Johan: 3,000,000 (in Century of Genocide: Eyewitness Accounts and Critical Views, Samuel Totten, ed., (1997))
* Compton's Encyclopedia, "Genocide": 3,000,000
* Encyclopedia Americana (2003), "Bangladesh": 3,000,000</ref>
||[[1971 Bangladesh genocide|The Genocide of Bangladeshis in Eastern Pakistan during Operation Searchlight]]
||[[East Pakistan]]
||March<br />21<br />1971
||December<br />16<br />1971
||See
* [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]
* [[Operation Searchlight]]
* [[List of massacres in Bangladesh]]
* [[Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War]]
|-
||{{nts|441588}}
||{{nts|260000}}
||{{nts|750000}}
||Genocide of Poles by the Soviet Union
||[[Soviet Union]] and [[Poland]]
||1937
||1946
||Combined death toll of [[Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–46)]] and [[Polish Operation of the NKVD (1937–38)]]
|-
||{{nts|433590}}
||{{nts|235000}}
||{{nts|800000}}
||[[Genocide of indigenous peoples in Brazil|Genocide of Native Brazilians]]
||[[Brazil]]
||1900
||1985
||<ref name="necrometrics.com"/>
|-
||{{nts|415692}}
||{{nts|144000}}<ref>Smith 1997, p. 600–1 n. 8</ref>
||{{nts|1200000}}<ref name="Tibet: Proving Truth from Facts">[http://www.tibet.net/en/diir/pubs/wp/tb96/Tibet%20Proving%20Truth.pdf 'Tibet: Proving Truth from Facts'], ''The Department of Information and International Relations: Central Tibetan Administration'', 1996. p. 53</ref>
||[[Occupation of Tibet|The Chinese Occupation of Tibet]]
||[[Tibet]]
||1950
||ongoing
||In 1960 the western-based [[Nongovernmental organization|nongovernmental]] [[International Commission of Jurists]] (ICJ) gave a report titled ''Tibet and the Chinese People's Republic to the United Nations''. The report was prepared by the ICJ's Legal Inquiry Committee, composed of eleven international lawyers from around the world. This report accused the Chinese of the crime of [[genocide]] in Tibet, after nine years of full occupation, six years before the devastation of the [[cultural revolution]] began. The ICJ also documented accounts of massacres, tortures and killings, bombardment of monasteries, and extermination of whole nomad camps. Declassified Soviet archives provides data that Chinese communists, who received a great assistance in military equipment from the USSR, broadly used Soviet aircraft for bombing monasteries and other punitive operations in Tibet.<ref>[http://savetibet.ru/img/2010/tibet-book-eng.pdf Kuzmin, S.L. ''Hidden Tibet: History of Independence and Occupation''. Dharamsala, LTWA, 2011]</ref>
|-
||{{nts|400000}}<br />''rough estimate:''<ref>897,000 [[Circassians]] were deported and killed  in an event similar in time period and method to this one and of those about 45% died.
({{cite news|title=Caucasus Report: July 15, 2005|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1341730.html|agency=Radio Free Europe}})
if this is applied to the median of the following '''rough''' estimates and then rounded up (Since this a very '''rough''' estimate anyway) you will end up with a very '''rough''' estimate of 390,000 killed.<br /><br />'''following estimates:'''<br /><br />
'''low estimate'''
In 1893 the [[Hazaras]] of [[Afghanistan]] were massacred and displaced to a point in which they lost over 60% of their population. The number of living [[Hazaras]] at the time is unknown but their population in 2014 was 2,864,056.  2,864,056 population out of a 2014 world population of 7,200,000,000 making Hazaras in [[Afghanistan]] approximately 0.04%  of the world's population.<br />{{Cite book|title = تاریخ باستانی هزاره ها|last = دلجو|first = عباس|publisher = انتشارات امیری|year = 2014|isbn = 9936801504|location = کابل|pages = }}<br />{{lower|{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html |title=Afghanistan: 31,822,848 (July 2014 est.) @ 9% (2014) |accessdate=July 17, 2015 |work=[[The World Factbook]]| publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]}}}}<br />http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2014/2014-world-population-data-sheet/data-sheet.aspx<br />[[World population estimates#Before 1950]]<br />The population of the world in 1892–93 is unknown but there are estimates for years that are close to these: In 1875, the world population was estimated to be 1,325,000,000. If the Hazara proportion is applied to this population there were roughly 530,000 Hazaras at the time. Since the Hazaras have already lost 60% of their population is likely 250% of this or 1,325,000. 60% of 1,325,000 is 795,000. <br /><br />
'''high estimate'''
In 1893 the [[Hazaras]] of [[Afghanistan]] were massacred to a point in which they lost over 60% of their population. The number of living [[Hazaras]] at the time is unknown but their population in 2014 was 2,864,056.  2,864,056 population out of a 2014 world population of 7,200,000,000 making Hazara's in [[Afghanistan]] approximately 0.04%  of the world's population.<br />{{Cite book|title = تاریخ باستانی هزاره ها|last = دلجو|first = عباس|publisher = انتشارات امیری|year = 2014|isbn = 9936801504|location = کابل|pages = }}<br />{{lower|{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html |title=Afghanistan: 31,822,848 (July 2014 est.) @ 9% (2014) |accessdate=July 17, 2015 |work=[[The World Factbook]]| publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]}}}}<br />http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2014/2014-world-population-data-sheet/data-sheet.aspx<br />[[World population estimates#Before 1950]]<br />The population of the world in 1892–93 is unknown but there are estimates for years that are close to these: In 1900 the world population was estimated to be 1,656,000,000. If the Hazara proportion is applied to this population there were roughly 662,400 [[Hazaras]] at the time. Since the Hazaras had already lost 60% of their population at the time the death and displacement toll would be 150% of this making it 993,600.</ref>
||{{ntsh|100000}}?
||{{ntsh|936000}}?
||[[Massacre and displacement of Hazaras in 1888 to 93]]
||[[Afghanistan]]
||1888
||1893
||Over 60% of the Hazara population were either massacred or displaced in [[Abdur Rahman Khan]]'s crackdown of the [[Hazaras]].
|-
||{{nts|387896}}
||{{nts|379000}}
||{{nts|397000}}
||[[The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia]]
||[[Independent State of Croatia]]
||1941
||1945
||Genocide of [[Serbs]], [[Jews]], and [[Romani people|Romani]] by the [[Ustaše]] including 322 to 340 thousand [[Serbs]], 25 thousand [[Romani people|Roma]] and 32 thousand [[Jews]].<ref name="USHMM">{{cite web|title=Jasenovac|url=http://www.ushmm.org/exhibition/jasenovac/frameset.html|publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum}}</ref><ref>"Axis Invasion of Yugoslavia"</ref>
|-
||{{nts|346410}}
||{{nts|300000}}
||{{nts|500000}}
||[[decossackization]]
||Former [[Russian Empire]]
||1917
||1933
||Violent class purge, [[Ethnic cleansing]], and mass murder of [[Cossacks]], especially [[Kuban Cossacks|Kuban]] and [[Don Cossacks]], by the [[Bolshevik]] party.
|-
||{{nts|331662}}
||{{nts|220000}}
||{{nts|500000}}
||[[Porajmos]]
||[[Nazi]] occupied Europe
||1941
||1945
||The [[genocide]] of [[Romani people|Romani]] by [[Nazi Germany]] and its puppet states.
|-
||{{nts|273861}}
||{{nts|150000}}
||{{nts|500000}}
||[[Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–46)]]
||[[Poland]]
||1939
||1946
||<ref>Tomasz Szarota & Wojciech Materski (2009), Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami, Warsaw: Institute of National Remembrance, {{ISBN|978-83-7629-067-6}} (Excerpt reproduced in digital form).</ref>
|-
||{{nts|219943}}
||{{nts|215000}}<ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite web|last1=White|first1=Matthew|title=20th Century death tolls larger than one million but fewer than 5 million people-Cambodia|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Cambodia|website=necrometrics}}</ref>
||{{nts|225000}}
||[[Cambodian Genocide#Ethnic and Religious Victims|Chinese Genocide under Khmer Rouge]]
||[[Democratic Kampuchea]]
||1975
||1979
||More than half of the [[Chinese people|Chinese]] population of [[Cambodia]] were slaughtered by the [[Khmer Rouge]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Century of genocide: |last=Totten |first=Samuel |authorlink=Samuel Totten |author2=William S. Parsons |author3=[[Israel W. Charny]]  |year=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-94430-9 |page=345 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Ef8Hrx8Cd0C&pg=PA345&dq }}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|212132}}
||{{nts|90000}}<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
||{{nts|500000}}<ref>Hannum, Hurst (1989). "International Law and Cambodian Genocide: The Sounds of Silence". Human Rights Quarterly (The Johns Hopkins University Press) 11 (1): 82–138. {{doi|10.2307/761936}}. {{JSTOR|761936}}.</ref>
||[[Cambodian Genocide#Ethnic and Religious Victims|Cham Genocide under Khmer Rouge]]
||[[Democratic Kampuchea]]
||1975
||1979
||The [[genocide]] slaughtered over 70% of the [[Chams|Cham]] [[Muslim]] population in [[Cambodia]] according to themselves, and Cham were according to [[Ben Kiernan]] subjected to the most brutal treatment of those persecuted by the [[Khmer Rouge]] and subjected to the slaughter of 36% of their population according to [[Samuel Totten]].
|-
||{{nts|212132}}
||{{nts|150000}}
||{{nts|300000}}
||[[Assyrian genocide]]
||[[Ottoman Empire]]
||1914
||1918
||Mass murder and forced relocation of [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] in conjunction with the [[Greek genocide|Greek]] and [[Armenian Genocide|Armenian]] [[genocide]]s.
|-
||{{nts|209762}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|220000}}<ref>CDI:  The Center for Defense Information, The Defense Monitor, "The World At War: January 1, 1998".</ref>
||[[Hutu]] Refugee Massacres during the [[First Congo War]]
||[[Zaire]]
||1996
||1997
||During the [[First Congo War]], Rwanda was able to destroy refugee camps, which the ''génocidaires'' had been using as their safe-bases, and forcibly repatriate Tutsi to Rwanda. During this process, Rwandan and aligned forces committed multiple atrocities, mainly against Hutu refugees. The true extent of the abuses is unknown because the AFDL and RPF carefully managed NGO and press access to areas where atrocities were thought to have occurred<ref>Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996–2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. p. 100</ref> however [[Amnesty International]] claimed as many as 200,000 Rwandese Hutu refugees were massacred by them and the [[Rwandan Defence Forces]] and aligned forces.<ref name=amnesty1998>[https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR62/033/1998/en/4d95fd3e-d9c6-11dd-af2b-b1f6023af0c5/afr620331998en.pdf Democratic Republic of Congo. An long-standing crisis spinning out of control]. Amnesty International, 3 September 1998. p. 9. AI Index: AFR 62/33/98</ref> The United Nations similarly documented mass killings of civilians by Rwandan, Ugandan and the [[Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo|ADFL]] soldiers in the [[DRC Mapping Exercise Report]].
|-
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||[[Wei–Jie war#Extermination of the Wu Hu|Wu Hu and Jie Genocide]]
||[[Northern China]]
||350
||351
||Ancient Chinese texts record that General [[Ran Min]] ordered the extermination of the [[Five Barbarians|Wu Hu]], especially the [[Jie people]], during the [[Wei–Jie war]] in the fourth century AD. People with racial characteristics such as high-bridged noses and bushy beards were killed; in total, 200,000 were reportedly massacred.<ref>[http://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7107 《晉書·卷一百七》] [[Jin Shu]] '''Original text''' 閔躬率趙人誅諸胡羯，無貴賤男女少長皆斬之，死者二十余萬，屍諸城外，悉為野犬豺狼所食。屯據四方者，所在承閔書誅之，于時高鼻多須至有濫死者半。</ref>
|-
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||[[Cromwellian conquest of Ireland]]
||[[Ireland]]
||1649
||1653
||The Parliamentarian reconquest of Ireland was brutal, and Cromwell is still a hated figure in Ireland.<ref>"Of all these doings in Cromwell's Irish Chapter, each of us may say what he will. Yet to everyone it will at least be intelligible how his name came to be hated in the tenacious heart of Ireland". John Morley, Biography of Oliver Cromwell. Page 298. 1900 and 2001. {{ISBN|978-1-4212-6707-4}}.; "Cromwell is still a hate figure in Ireland today because of the brutal effectiveness of his campaigns in Ireland. Of course, his victories in Ireland made him a hero in Protestant England." {{cite web|url=http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/civilwar/g5/cs2/s4/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-05-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928062053/http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/civilwar/g5/cs2/s4/ |archivedate=2007-09-28 |df= }} British National Archives web site. Accessed March 2007; {{cite web|url=http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/military/1649-52-cromwell-ireland.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-01-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211163740/http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/military/1649-52-cromwell-ireland.htm |archivedate=2004-12-11 |df= }} From a history site dedicated to the English Civil War. "...&nbsp;making Cromwell's name into one of the most hated in Irish history". Accessed March 2007. Site currently offline. WayBack Machine holds archive here {{cite web|url=http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/military/1649-52-cromwell-ireland.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-01-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211163740/http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/military/1649-52-cromwell-ireland.htm |archivedate=December 11, 2004 |df= }}</ref> The extent to which Cromwell, who was in direct command for the first year of the campaign, was responsible for the atrocities is debated to this day. Some historians<ref>Philip McKeiver in his, 2007, ''A New History of Cromwell's Irish Campaign'' {{ISBN|978-0-9554663-0-4}} and Tom Reilly, 1999, ''Cromwell: An Honourable Enemy'' {{ISBN|0-86322-250-1}}</ref> argue that the actions of Cromwell were within the then-accepted rules of war, or were exaggerated or distorted by later propagandists; these claims have been challenged by others.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Coyle |first=Eugene |title=Cromwell: An Honourable Enemy, Tom Reilly [review of] |url=http://www.historyireland.com/cromwell/cromwell-an-honourable-enemy-tom-reilly-brandon-press-17-99-isbn-0863222501/ |date=Winter 1999 |journal=History Ireland |issue=4 |department=Book Reviews |volume=7 |accessdate=10 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||[[Caste War of Yucatán]]
||[[Yucatán Peninsula]], [[Mexico]]
||1847
||1901
||The [[Caste War of Yucatán]] (approx. 1847–1901) against the population of European descent, called Yucatecos, who held political and economic control of the region. Adam Jones wrote: Genocidal atrocities on both sides cost up to 200,000 killed."{{sfn|Robins|Jones|2009|p=50}}
|-
||{{nts|193649}}
||{{nts|150000}}<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Dutton |first1=Donald G. |title=The Psychology of Genocide, Massacres, and Extreme Violence: Why "normal" People Come to Commit Atrocities |year=2007 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |page=14 |isbn=9780275990008}}</ref>
||{{nts|250000}}<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Friedman |first1=Mark |title=Genocide (Hot Topics) |year=2013 |publisher=Raintree |page=58 |isbn=9781406235081}}</ref>
||[[Third Punic War|Destruction of the Carthaginians]]
||[[Tunisia]]
||149 BC
||146 BC
||This war was a much smaller engagement than the two previous Punic Wars and focused on [[Tunisia]], mainly on the [[Battle of Carthage (c. 149 BC)|Siege of Carthage]], which resulted in the complete destruction of the city, the annexation of all remaining Carthaginian territory by Rome, and the death or enslavement of the entire Carthaginian population. The Third Punic War ended Carthage's independent existence.
|-
||{{nts|168375}} (Non-government estimates)<br />---------------------<br />{{nts|54772}} (government estimates)
||{{nts|63000}}<br /><ref name="Darfur: Counting the Deaths: Mortality Estimates from Multiple Survey Data">{{cite web|url=http://www.cedat.be/sites/default/files/ID%20214%20-%20Counting%20the%20death%20(2).pdf |title=Microsoft Word – Letters9 |format=PDF |accessdate=24 March 2010}}</ref><br /><br />{{nts|10000}} (Sudan's)<br /><ref>[http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5gMU9_nxHnfBspo342jYG0nXyx7-gD91TRRCO0 Sudan president charged with genocide in Darfur], ''[[Associated Press]]''. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724220641/http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5gMU9_nxHnfBspo342jYG0nXyx7-gD91TRRCO0 |date=24 July 2008 }}</ref>
||{{nts|450000}}+<br /><ref name="Quantifying Genocide in Darfur">[http://www.sudanreeves.org/Article102.html Quantifying Genocide in Darfur] Dr. [[Eric Reeves]], 28 April 2006 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728071750/http://www.sudanreeves.org/Article102.html |date=28 July 2011 }}</ref><br /><br />{{nts|300000}} (U.N.'s)<br /><ref name="bodycount">{{cite news|title=U.N.: 100,000 more dead in Darfur than reported|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/04/22/darfur.holmes/index.html?eref=rss_topstories|publisher=CNN|date=22 April 2008|accessdate=22 April 2008}}</ref>
||[[War in Darfur|Darfurian Genocide]]
||[[Darfur]], [[Sudan]]
||2003
||Ongoing
||The [[War in Darfur]] is a major armed conflict in the [[Darfur]] region of [[Sudan]], that began in February 2003 when the [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army|Sudan Liberation Movement]] (SLM) and [[Justice and Equality Movement]] (JEM) rebel groups began fighting the [[government of Sudan]], which they accused of oppressing Darfur's non-[[Arab]] population.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3496731.stm |title=Q&A: Sudan's Darfur conflict |publisher=BBC News |date=8 February 2010 |accessdate=24 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alertnet.org/db/crisisprofiles/SD_DAR.htm |title=Reuters AlertNet – Darfur conflict |publisher=Alertnet.org |accessdate=24 March 2010}}</ref> The government responded to attacks by carrying out a campaign of [[ethnic cleansing]] against Darfur's non-Arabs. This resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of civilians and the indictment of Sudan's president [[Omar al-Bashir]] for [[genocide]], war crimes, and [[crimes against humanity]] by the [[International Criminal Court]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir|url=https://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/situations%20and%20cases/situations/situation%20icc%200205/related%20cases/icc02050109/Pages/icc02050109.aspx|website=[[International Criminal Court]] |accessdate=24 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|165831}}
||{{nts|110000}}
||{{nts|250000}}
||[[Polish Operation of the NKVD (1937–38)]]
||[[Soviet Union]]
||1937
||1938
||The operation from 1937 to 1938 to eliminate the Polish minority in the Soviet Union.
|-
||{{nts|154919}}
||{{nts|80000}}
||{{nts|300000}}
||[[Hamidian Massacres]]
||[[Ottoman Empire]]
||1894
||1896
||Mass murder of Armenian (and other Christian) civilians under [[Sultan]] [[Abdul Hamid II]] that foreshadowed the [[Armenian Genocide]]
|-
|| {{nts|135941}}
|| {{nts|60000}}<ref name="works.bepress.com">http://works.bepress.com/robert_cribb/2/ How many deaths? Problems in the statistics of massacre in Indonesia (1965–1966) and East Timor (1975–1980)</ref>
|| {{nts|308000}}<ref name="Defert, Gabriel 1992">Defert, Gabriel, Timor Est le Genocide Oublié, L'Hartman, 1992.</ref>
|| [[Indonesian occupation of East Timor|East Timorese Genocide]]
|| [[East Timor]]
|| {{nts|1974|format=no}}
|| {{nts|1999|format=no}}
|| The civilian deaths under the Indonesian occupation of East Timor, including killings, disappearances, and deaths caused by conflict-related hunger and illness<ref>{{cite web|title=Conflict-related deaths in Timor-Leste 1974–1999|url=http://www.cavr-timorleste.org/updateFiles/english/CONFLICT-RELATED%20DEATHS.pdf|publisher=Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref> resulted in an enormous proportional loss of life upon the island some estimating as high as 13% up to almost a third to almost 44% of the population.<ref name="Defert, Gabriel 1992"/><ref>Asia Watch, Human Rights in Indonesia and East Timor, Human Rights Watch, New York, 1989, p. 253.</ref><ref name="yale-university.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.yale-university.org/gsp/publications/KiernanRevised1.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-02-18 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227144225/http://www.yale-university.org/gsp/publications/KiernanRevised1.pdf |archivedate=2009-02-27 |df= }}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|134164}}
||{{nts|60000}}<ref>''The Reconstruction of Nations'', 2004</ref><ref>''W kręgu Łun w Bieszczadach'', 2009, page 13</ref><ref>''Od rzezi wołyńskiej do akcji "Wisła", 2011, pages 447–448</ref>
||{{nts|300000}}<ref>Terles In ''Ethnic Cleansing'' p61<br />Czesław Partacz ''Prawda historyczna na prawda polityczna w badaniach naukowych. Przykład ludobójstwa na Kresach Południowo-Wschodniej Polski w latach 1939–1946''<br />Lucyna Kulińska "Dzieci Kresów III", Kraków 2009, p.&nbsp;467<br />Józef Turowski, Władysław Siemaszko: Zbrodnie nacjonalistów ukraińskich dokonane na ludności polskiej na Wołyniu 1939–1945. Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich w Polsce – Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Środowisko Żołnierzy 27 Wołyńskiej Dywizji Armii Krajowej w Warszawie, 1990
Hochspringen ↑ Władysław Siemaszko, Ewa Siemaszko [2000]: Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na ludności polskiej Wołynia 1939–1945. Borowiecky, Warszawa 2000, {{ISBN|83-87689-34-3}}, S. 1056.</ref>
||[[Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia|The Volhynian Slaughter of Poles]]
||[[Volhyn]] and [[Eastern Galicia]]
||1943
||1944
||Genocide<ref>{{cite web|title=Uchwala Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 15 lipca 2009 r. w sprawie tragicznego losu Polakow na Kresach Wschodnich|url=http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WMP20090470684|publisher=Biuro Prasowe Kancelarii Sejmu|accessdate=17 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="Zbrodnie">''W świetle przedstawionych wyżej ustaleń nie ulega wątpliwości, że zbrodnie, których dopuszczono się wobec ludności narodowości polskiej, noszą charakter niepodlegających przedawnieniu zbrodni ludobójstwa.'' – Piotr Zając, ''Prześladowania ludności narodowości polskiej na terenie Wołynia w latach 1939–1945 – ocena karnoprawna zdarzeń w oparciu o ustalenia śledztwa OKŚZpNP w Lublinie'', [in:] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120323073558/http://ipn.gov.pl/download.php?s=1&id=19295 ''Zbrodnie przeszłości. Opracowania i materiały prokuratorów IPN'', t. 2: ''Ludobójstwo'', red. Radosław Ignatiew, Antoni Kura, Warszawa 2008], p.34-49</ref> of Polish civilian population in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA).<ref name="Snyder B">Timothy Snyder [http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2010/feb/24/a-fascist-hero-in-democratic-kiev/ A fascist hero in democratic Kiev]. NewYork Review of Books. February 24, 2010</ref><ref>Keith Darden. [https://keithdarden.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/darden-natural-experiment.pdf Resisting Occupation: Lessons from a Natural Experiment in Carpathian Ukraine]. Yale University. October 2, 2008. p. 5</ref><ref name="Himka2">J. P. Himka. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130423172827/http://www.foa.ualberta.ca/en/Research/~/media/arts/Research/celebration_jph_march28.pdf Interventions: Challenging the Myths of Twentieth-Century Ukrainian history]. University of Alberta. 28 March 2011. p. 4</ref><ref name="Od rzezi, 447">Grzegorz Motyka, Od rzezi wołyńskiej do akcji "Wisła". Konflikt polsko-ukraiński 1943–1947. Kraków 2011, p.447</ref><ref>Timothy Snyder. ''The Reconstruction of Nations. Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999.'' [[Yale University Press]]. 2003. pp. 170, 176</ref>
|-
||{{nts|129615}}
||{{nts|80000}}
||{{nts|210000}}
||[[Burundian genocide]] of [[Hutu]]s during 1972
||[[Burundi]]
||1972
||1972
||Communal mass murder of [[Hutu]]s by their rival tribe the [[Tutsi]] in [[Burundi]].
|-
||{{nts|115039}}
||{{nts|52000}}
||{{nts|254500}}
||[[Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire]]
||[[Russian Empire]]
||1903–06
||1917–22
||The massacres of [[Jews]] in the [[Russian Empire]] reached their peak in the early 20th century, through the [[Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire#1903–06|killing of  thousands from 1903 to 1906]]<ref>Weinberg, Robert. ''The Revolution of 1905 in Odessa: Blood on the Steps''. 1993, p. 164.</ref> and tens to hundreds of thousands from 1917 to 1922.<ref>https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/pogroms.html#4</ref>
|-
||{{nts|109905}}
||{{nts|33835}}
||{{nts|357000}}
||[[Kurdish rebellions in Turkey|Ethnic conflict against & /w/ Kurds in Turkey]]
||[[Turkey]]
||1921
||ongoing
||*7,594<ref>Lundgren, Asa (2007). The unwelcome neighbour: Turkey's Kurdish policy. London: Tauris & Co. p. 44.</ref> to 40,000<ref>McDowall, David (2007). A Modern History of the Kurds. London: Tauris & Co. pp. 207–208.</ref> [[Dersim rebellion]]
* 15,000<ref name="The Militant Kurds page 86">''The Militant Kurds: A Dual Strategy for Freedom'', Vera Eccarius-Kelly, page 86, 2010</ref>  to 250,000<ref name="page 104">[http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/val/sospo/vk/koivunen/theinvis.pdf (page 104)]</ref> [[Sheikh Said rebellion]]
* 6,741<ref name=nearly7000>{{cite web|url=http://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/nearly-7000-civilians-killed-by-pkk-in-31-years-2237092|title=Nearly 7,000 civilians killed by PKK in 31 years|first=Yeni|last=Şafak|publisher=}}</ref> to 20,000<ref>{{cite book|last1=Visweswaran|first1=edited by Kamala|title=Everyday occupations experiencing militarism in South Asia and the Middle East|date=2013|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=0812207831|page=14|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pGcUBAAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Romano|first1=David|title=The Kurdish nationalist movement : opportunity, mobilization and identity|date=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0521684269|page=81|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ohSNu6bidEQC}}</ref> [[Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)|Modern Turk-Kurd conflict]]
* 4,500 to 47,000 -<ref name="Cumhurıyetı16">Yusuf Mazhar, ''Cumhuriyet'', 16 Temmuz 1930, ''... Zilan harekatında imha edilenlerin sayısı 15,000 kadardır. Zilan Deresi ağzına kadar ceset dolmuştur...''</ref><ref name="Kahraman211">Ahmet Kahraman, ''ibid'', p. 211, ''[[Ağrı|Karaköse]], 14 (Özel muhabirimiz bildiriyor) ...''</ref><ref name="Ayse">[[Ayşe Hür]], [http://www.taraf.com.tr/haber/osmanlidan-bugune-kurtler-ve-devlet-4.htm "Osmanlı'dan bugüne Kürtler ve Devlet-4"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225123429/http://www.taraf.com.tr/haber/osmanlidan-bugune-kurtler-ve-devlet-4.htm |date=2011-02-25 }}, ''[[Taraf]]'', October 23, 2008, Retrieved August 16, 2010.</ref><ref>M. Kalman, ''Belge, tanık ve yaşayanlarıyla Ağrı Direnişi 1926–1930'', Pêrî Yayınları, İstanbul, 1997, {{ISBN|975-8245-01-5}}, p. 105.</ref><ref>"Der Krieg am Ararat" (Telegramm unseres Korrespondenten) ''[[Berliner Tageblatt]]'', October 3, 1930, "... die Türken in der Gegend von Zilan 220 Dörfer zerstört und 4500 Frauen und Greise massakriert."</ref>- [[Ararat rebellion]]
|-
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||[[Deportation of the Crimean Tatars]]
||[[Soviet Union]]
||1944
||1945
||Event is often considered an [[Ethnic cleansing]], and the [[Ukraine]] considers the event [[genocide]].
|-
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||Rebellions of [[Túpac Amaru II]] and [[Túpac Katari]]
||Present day [[Peru]]
||1780
||1782
||The indigenous rebellions of [[Túpac Amaru II]] and [[Túpac Katari]] against the Spanish between 1780 and 1782, cost over 100,000 colonists' lives in [[Peru]] and Upper Peru (present-day [[Bolivia]])."{{sfn|Robins|Jones|2009|p=1}}
|-
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||[[Eighty Years' War (1566–1609)|Spanish repressions of Dutch Protestants]]
||The [[Low Countries]]
||1566
||1609
||100,000 massacred under Charles V and Philip II<ref>{{cite book|title=Halley's Bible Handbook, 24th ed.|date=1965}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|95394}}
||{{nts|50000}}<ref name="hrw.org">{{cite web|url=http://hrw.org/reports/1993/iraqanfal/ |title=Iraqi Anfal|publisher=Human Rights Watch |date=1993 |accessdate=2013-08-31}}</ref>
||{{nts|182000}}<ref name="Frontline">"Frontline"</ref>
||[[Al-Anfal campaign]]
||[[Baathist Iraq]]
||1986
||1989
||The [[Al-Anfal campaign|Kurdish genocide]] led by [[Ali Hassan al-Majid]] under the order of [[Saddam Hussein]]
|-
||{{nts|86603}}
||{{nts|50000}}<ref name="Horne 537">{{cite book|first=Alistair|last=Horne|pages=537|title=A Savage War of Peace|ISBN=0-670-61964-7}}</ref>
||{{nts|150000}}<ref name="Horne 537"/>
||Atrocities against [[Harkis]] after the [[Algerian War]]
||[[Algeria]]
||1962
||1962
||The [[Harkis]] were seen as traitors by many Algerians, and many of those who stayed behind suffered severe reprisals after independence. French historians estimate that somewhere between 50,000 and 150,000 [[Harkis]] and members of their families were killed by the FLN or by lynch mobs in Algeria, often in atrocious circumstances or after torture.
|-
||{{nts|81068}}
||{{nts|70273}}
||{{nts|93521}}
||[[Aktion T4]]
||[[Nazi Germany]]
||1939
||1941
||A euthanasia program in [[Nazi Germany]] used to purge those deemed genetically deficient.
|-
||{{nts|80000}}
||{{nts|80000}}
||{{nts|80000}}
||[[Pacification of Libya|Ethnic cleansing of Cyrenaicans]]
||[[Libya]]
||1923
||1932
||<ref name= Mann309>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGHGPgj1_tIC&pg=PA309|title=The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing|last=Mann|first=Michael|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=|isbn=9780521538541|location=|pages=309|language=}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|76223}}
||{{nts|35000}}
||{{nts|166000}}
||[[Guatemalan genocide]]
||[[Guatemala]]
||1960
||1996
||According to the [[Historical Clarification Commission]] 140,000 to 200,000 were killed or disappeared and least 42,275 were killed by human rights violations during the [[Guatemalan Civil War]] of which 93% were from officially sanctioned government terror and 83% of the victims were [[Maya peoples|Maya]].
|-
||{{ntsh|75000}}50,000 Hutus<br /> and tens of thousands of <br />[[Tutsis]]
||{{ntsh|60000}}50,000 Hutus<br /> and tens of thousands of <br />[[Tutsis]]
||{{ntsh|90000}}50,000 Hutus<br /> and tens of thousands of <br />[[Tutsis]]
||[[Rwandan Revolution]]
||[[Burundi]] <br />and<br /> [[Rwanda]]
||1959
||1962
||<ref>{{cite web|title=Genocides, Politicides, and Other Mass Murder Since 1945, With Stages in 2008|url=http://www.genocidewatch.org/images/GenocidesandPoliticidessince1945withstagesin2008.pdf|website=Genocide Watch|publisher=©2008 Genocide Watch}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|73485}}
||{{nts|27000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||[[Indian integration of Hyderabad|1948 Massacre in Hyderabad]]
||[[Hyderabad State]], [[India]]
||1948
||1948
||<ref>{{cite web|last1=Noorani|first1=A.G.|title=Of a massacre untold|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1805/18051130.htm|website=Frontline}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Thompson|first1=Mike|title=Hyderabad 1948: India's hidden massacre|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-24159594|website=BBC}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|64807}}
||{{nts|60000}}
||{{nts|70000}}
||Cannibalism and Murder of [[Pygmy peoples]] during [[Great War of Africa]]
||[[Democratic Republic of Congo]]
||1998
||2003
||[[Pygmy peoples]] were murdered en masse as they were regarded as subhumans.
|-
||{{nts|58577}}
||{{nts|52856}}
||{{nts|64917}}
||[[Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War|Ethnic cleansing]] [[Bosnian genocide|and Genocide]] [[Yugoslav Wars|from all sides of the Yugoslav War]]
||[[Yugoslavia]]
||1991
||2001
||All civilians killed in the [[Yugoslav Wars]] including events such as the [[Srebrenica Massacre]], [[Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing]], [[Žepa#Bosnian War|Žepa Massacre]], and other atrocities. 69.8% to 82% of civilian victims of the [[Bosnian War]] were [[Bosniak]].
* 34,764<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.icty.org/x/file/About/OTP/War_Demographics/en/bih_casualty_undercount_conf_paper_100201.pdf |format=pdf |publisher=ICTY |title=THE 1992–95 WAR IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: CENSUS-BASED MULTIPLE SYSTEM ESTIMATION OF CASUALTIES' UNDERCOUNT |accessdate=27 January 2013}}</ref> to 40,330<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Bl9KT9NME0C&pg=PA96|title=Courting Democracy in Bosnia and Herzegovina |author=Lara J. Nettelfield|year=2010|work= |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]] |accessdate=22 July 2013}}, pp.&nbsp;96–98</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = After years of toil, book names Bosnian war dead |date = 2013-02-15 | publisher = [[Reuters]] | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/15/us-bosnia-dead-idUSBRE91E0J220130215}}</ref> [[Bosnian War]]
* 10,844<ref name=Kosovo>
* http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/kosovo-war-victims-list-published
* Kosovo Memory Book Database Presentation and Evaluation" (PDF). Retrieved 6 February 2016.
* http://www.hlc-rdc.org/?p=28616&lang=de
* "Serbia marks anniversary of NATO bombing". B92. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
</ref> to 14,661<ref name=Kosovo/> [[Kosovo War]]
* 7,158<ref name=croat>
* Srpske žrtve rata i poraća na području Hrvatske i bivše RSK 1990. – 1998. godine". Veritas. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
* Martic Witness Details Croatian War Casualties". Global Voices BALKANS. Retrieved April 13, 2006.
* Marko Attila Hoare (April 2008). "Genocide in Bosnia and the failure of international justice" (PDF). Kingston University. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
</ref> to 9,836<ref name=croat/> [[Croatian War of Independence]]
* 90<ref>
* "Dëshmorët e Ushtrisë Çlirimtare Kombëtare", shkruar nga Xhemal Selimi. Tanusha 2001. 15 February 2011
* Bender, Kristof (2013). "How the U.S. and EU Stopped a War and Nobody Noticed: The Containment of the Macedonian Conflict and EU Soft Power". In Berdal, Mats; Zaum, Dominik. Political Economy of Statebuilding: Power After Peace. London: Routledge. p. 341. {{ISBN|978-0-203-10130-8}}.
</ref> [[2001 insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia]]
|-
||{{nts|56000}}
||{{nts|49000}}
||{{nts|64000}}
||[[American Indian Wars]] of the [[United States]]
||Now the [[United States]]
||1511
||1890
||From the U.S. Bureau of the Census (1894): "The Indian wars under the government of the United States have been more than 40 in number. They have cost the lives of about 19,000 white men, women and children, including those killed in individual combats, and the lives of about 30,000 Indians. The actual number of killed and wounded Indians must be very much higher than the given... Fifty percent additional would be a safe estimate..."
|-
|| {{nts|54772}} || {{nts|50000}} || {{nts|60000}}<ref>Lukas, Richard C. (2012). The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles under German Occupation, 1939–1944. Hippocrene Books. p. 197. {{ISBN|978-0-7818-1302-0}}.</ref><ref>"The Rape of Warsaw". Stosstruppen39-45.tripod.com. Retrieved 3 February 2009.</ref><ref>Walter Laqueur, Judith Tydor Baumel (2001). "Dirlewanger, Oskar". The Holocaust Encyclopedia. Yale University Press. p. 150. {{ISBN|0300084323}}. Retrieved 24 June 2012.</ref> || Massacres of Polish civilians during Warsaw Uprising in 1944|[[Warsaw Uprising]] || [[Occupied Poland]] || {{ntsh|1944.60}}5 August 1944 || {{ntsh|1944.62}}12 August 1944 || Polish fatalities in district Wola and Ochota committed during [[Warsaw Uprising]]
|-
||{{nts|50000}}
||{{nts|50000}}
||{{nts|50000}}
||[[Burundian genocide]] of [[Tutsi]]s during 1993
||[[Burundi]]
||1993
||1993
||Communal mass murder of [[Tutsi]]s by their rival tribe the [[Hutu]] in [[Burundi]].
|-
||{{nts|48990}}
||{{nts|24000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||[[Herero and Namaqua genocide|Herero genocide]]
||[[German South-West Africa]]
||1904
||1907
||Part of the [[Herero and Namaqua genocide]] during the [[Herero Wars]].
|-
||{{nts|44721}}
||{{nts|20000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||[[Witch trials in the early modern period]]
||Europe
||1400
||1800
||<ref>http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Witch</ref>
|-

|| {{nts|31623}} || {{nts|10000}}<br /><ref>Biondich, Mark. ''The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence Since 1878.'' Oxford University Press, 2011. p. 92 [https://books.google.com/books?id=vC-Fk7Mxu2MC&pg=PA92&dq=Smyrna+1922+10000+Greeks+dead&hl=en&ei=gL_eTc-DMY3ysgay04W4BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Smyrna%201922%2010000%20Greeks%20dead&f=false]</ref><ref>Naimark, Norman M. ''Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe''. Cambridge: MA: Harvard University Press, 2002, p. 52.</ref> || {{nts|100000}}<br /><ref>{{cite book | first = [[Irving Louis Horowitz]] | last = Rudolph J. Rummel | title = Death by Government |publisher=Transaction Publishers |year=1994 |isbn=978-1-56000-927-6 |chapter=Turkey's Genocidal Purges}}, p. 233.</ref><ref>Naimark. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=L-QLXnX16kAC&pg=PA46&dq=atrocities+against+turks+occupation&hl=en&ei=WGvmTebjEsi6hAfWm9TQCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFAQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=atrocities%20against%20turks%20occupation&f=false Fires of Hatred]'', pp. 47–52.</ref> || [[Great Fire of Smyrna]] || [[Smyrna]], [[Ottoman Empire]] || {{ntsh|1922.70}}September 9, 1922 || {{ntsh|1922.73}}September 24, 1922 || Fires set during attacks on Greeks and Armenians by Turkish mobs and military forces in Smyrna at the end of the [[Greco-Turkish War (1919–22)]]. The violence and fires resulted in the destruction of the Greek and Armenian portions of the city and the massacre of their populations. After the attacks 30,000 Greek and Armenian men left behind were deported by Turkish forces, many of whom were subsequently killed.
|-
||{{nts|28460}}
||{{nts|3000}}
||{{nts|270000}}
||[[Urkun]]
||[[Russian Empire]], [[Krygyzstan]]
||1916
||1916
||In 1916 there was an uprising and crackdown of [[Krygyzstan]]is against and by Tsarist Russia in what is now known as the [[Urkun]].
A public commission in [[Kyrgyzstan]] called the crackdown of 1916 that killed 100,000 to 270,000 Kyrgyzstanis a [[genocide]] though [[Russia]] rejected this characterization.<ref>{{cite news|title=Commission Calls 1916 Tsarist Mass Killings Of Kyrgyz Genocide Print Share|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/kyrgyzstan-1916-russia-mass-killings-genocide/27926414.html|agency=Radio Free Europe}}</ref>
[[Russia]]n sources put the death toll at 3,000.<ref>[http://www.krugosvet.ru/articles/124/1012486/print.htm Krugosvet Encyclopaedia. Article on Sturmer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111155448/http://www.krugosvet.ru/articles/124/1012486/print.htm |date=2007-11-11 }}.</ref>
|-
||{{nts|25495}}
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|65000}}
||[[Captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam]]
||[[Kanara|Canara]]
||1784
||1799
||The Captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam (1784–1799) was a 15-year imprisonment of [[Mangalorean Catholics]] and other Christians at [[Seringapatam]] in the Indian region of [[Kanara|Canara]] by [[Tipu Sultan]], the ''de facto'' ruler of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]]
|-
||{{nts|25000}}
||{{nts|25000}}
||{{nts|25000}}
||1988 [[Burundi]]an [[Hutu]] Massacre
||[[Burundi]]
||1988
||1988
||<ref>{{cite web|title=Genocides, Politicides, and Other Mass Murder Since 1945, With Stages in 2008|url=http://www.genocidewatch.org/images/GenocidesandPoliticidessince1945withstagesin2008.pdf|website=Genocide Watch|publisher=©2008 Genocide Watch}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|22249}}
||{{nts|22000}}
||{{nts|22500}}+see [[List of massacres of Indigenous Australians]]
||[[Australian frontier wars]]
||[[Australia]]
||1788
||1934
||War between [[Indigenous Australians]] and settlers in which about 20,000 aboriginal were massacred along with 2–2.5 thousand settlers dying in combat.
|-
||{{nts|21817}}
||{{nts|17000}}
||{{nts|28000}}
||[[Ethnic cleansing of Georgians]]
||[[Abkhazia]] and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
||1992
||1993
||The ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia',<ref>Budapest Declaration and Geneva Declaration on Ethnic Cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia between 1992 and 1993 adopted by the OSCE and recognized as ethnic cleansing in 1994 and 1999</ref><ref name="Russia p 27">The Guns of August 2008, Russia's War in Georgia, Svante Cornell & Frederick Starr, p 27</ref><ref>Anatol Lieven, "Victorious Abkhazian Army Settles Old Scores in An Orgy of Looting, THe Times, 4 October 1993</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">In Georgia, Tales of Atrocities Lee Hockstander, International Herald Tribune, 22 October 1993</ref>
<ref>The Human Rights Field Operation: Law, Theory and Practice, Abkhazia Case, [[Michael C. O'Flaherty|Michael O'Flaherty]]</ref><ref>The Politics of Religion in Russia and the New States of Eurasia, Michael Bourdeaux, p. 237</ref><ref>Managing Conflict in the Former Soviet Union: Russian and American Perspectives, Alekseĭ Georgievich Arbatov, p. 388</ref><ref name="Empire p. 72">On Ruins of Empire: Ethnicity and Nationalism in the Former Soviet Union Georgiy I. Mirsky, p. 72</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Europe/Georgia-HISTORY.html |title=Georgia – History |publisher=Nationsencyclopedia.com |accessdate=2013-04-16}}</ref><ref>Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties by Roger Kaplan, p 564</ref><ref>Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus, p 174</ref><ref>The Politics of Religion in Russia and the New States of Eurasia, by Michael Bourdeaux, p. 238</ref> also known as the "massacres of Georgians in Abkhazia"<ref name="ReferenceA">Chervonnaia, Svetlana Mikhailovna. ''Conflict in the Caucasus: Georgia, Abkhazia, and the Russian Shadow.'' Gothic Image Publications, 1994.</ref><ref>Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Soviet Union, Svante E. Cornell</ref> and "genocide of Georgians in Abkhazia"<ref>Tamaz Nadareishvili, Conspiracy Against Georgia, Tbilisi, 2002</ref> — refers to [[ethnic cleansing]],<ref>Human Rights Watch Helsinki, Vol 7, No 7, March 1995, p 230</ref> massacres<ref>Crossroads and Conflict: Security and Foreign Policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia, Gary K. Bertsch, Page 161</ref> and forced mass expulsion of thousands of ethnic [[Georgian people|Georgians]].
|-
||{{nts|17429}}
||{{nts|7594}}
||{{nts|40000}}
||[[Dersim Massacre]]
||[[Dersim]], [[Turkey]]
||1937
||1937
||The [[Dersim massacre]] was a massacre of [[Kurdish people]] ([[Alevism|Alevi]] [[Kurmanj]] and [[Zaza people|Zaza]]) by the [[Turkey|Turkish government]] in the [[Dersim]] region of eastern Turkey, which includes parts of [[Tunceli Province]], [[Elazığ Province]], and [[Bingöl Province]].<ref name="Dersim 38 Conference">[http://www.pen-kurd.org/almani/haydar/Dersim-PresseerklC3A4rungEnglish.pdf Dersim '38 Conference]</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Suppression of the Dersim Rebellion in Turkey (1937–38)|url=http://www.hum.uu.nl/medewerkers/m.vanbruinessen/publications/Dersim_rebellion.pdf|accessdate=20 January 2016|publisher=University of Pennsylvania}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PUSgS0Y-pRsC&pg=PA119|title=Etre Kurde, un dщlit?: portrait d'un peuple niщ – Jacqueline Sammali – Google Livres |publisher=Books.google.fr |date= |accessdate=2013-12-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MxKFhFCzeLcC&pg=PA125|title=Les Kurdes et leur histoire – Sabri Cigerli – Google Livres |publisher=Books.google.fr |date= |accessdate=2013-12-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weeklyzaman.com/en/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=4970 |title=Can Kurds rely on the Turkish state? |publisher=Weeklyzaman.com |date=2011-10-14 |accessdate=2013-12-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region/turkeykurds-1922-present/ |title=16. Turkey/Kurds (1922–present) |publisher=Uca.edu |date= |accessdate=2013-12-24}}</ref><ref name="GD">Birinci Genel Müfettişlik Bölgesi, ''Güney Doğu'', İstanbul, p. 66, 194. {{tr icon}}</ref> The massacre occurred after a rebellion led by [[Seyid Riza]] against the [[Turkification]] policies of the Turkish government.<ref>http://www.massviolence.org/IMG/article_PDF/Dersim-Massacre-1937-1938.pdf</ref> As a result of the Turkish military campaign against the rebellion, thousands of [[Alevi]] [[Zazas]]<ref>http://www.massviolence.org/Dersim-Massacre-1937-1938 (According to the organisation encyclopedia of mass violence, Dersim is a Kurdish alevi province, and the massacre of turks were towards zaza speaking alevi kurds)</ref> died and many others were internally displaced due to the conflict.
|-
||{{nts|17321}}
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|30000}}
||[[1966 anti-Igbo pogrom]]
||[[Nigeria]]
||May 29, 1966
||October 1966
||<ref name="McKenna-1969">{{cite journal|last1=McKenna|first1=Joseph C.|title=Elements of a Nigerian Peace|journal=Foreign Affairs|date=1969|volume=47|issue=4|page=668|doi=10.2307/20039407|jstor=20039407}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|16349}}
||{{nts|16349}}
||{{nts|16349}}+ See [[List of Indian massacres]]
||[[List of Indian massacres|Indian Massacres]]
||Now the [[United States]]
||1511
||1890
||It is difficult to determine the total number of people who died as a result of Indian massacres. However, one book, ''The Wild Frontier: Atrocities during the American-Indian War from Jamestown Colony to Wounded Knee'' presents an estimate by counting every recorded atrocity in the area that would eventually become the continental United States, from first contact (1511) to the closing of the frontier (1890). The parameters were limited to the intentional and indiscriminate [[murder]], [[torture]], or mutilation of civilians, the wounded, and prisoners. The results revealed that 7,193 people died from atrocities perpetrated by those of European descent, and 9,156 people died from atrocities perpetrated by Native Americans.<ref name="Osborn, William M. 2001"/>
|-
||{{nts|12247}}
||{{nts|1000}}
||{{nts|150000}}<ref name="Fink2010">{{cite book|author=George Fink|title=Stress of War, Conflict and Disaster|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rOq4XV94wLsC&pg=PA292 |date=25 November 2010 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-381382-4|pages=292}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace and Conflict: Po – Z, index. 3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TG2kN033mDkC&pg=PA64 |date=1999 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-227010-9|pages=64}}</ref>
||Massacres of [[Biharis]] by [[Bengalis|Bengali]] mobs
||[[Bangladesh]]
||1971
||1971
||Most extreme episode of the [[Persecution of Biharis in Bangladesh]]
|-
||{{nts|10607}}
||{{nts|3750}}<ref>"CCJP"</ref>
||{{nts|30000}}<ref name=hill77>{{cite book
|title=The Battle for Zimbabwe: The Final Countdown
|last=Hill
|first=Geoff
|location=Johannesburg
|publisher=Struik Publishers
|year=2005|origyear=2003
|isbn=978-1-86872-652-3
|page=77}}</ref>
||[[Gukurahundi]]
||[[Zimbabwe]]
||1983
||1987
||[[Ethnic cleansing]] and executions of members of the [[Southern Ndebele people|Ndebele]] by the [[Robert Mugabe]]'s [[Zimbabwean Fifth Brigade|Fifth Brigade]].
|-
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|10000}}<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
||{{nts|10000}}
||[[Cambodian Genocide#Ethnic and Religious Victims|Vietnamese Genocide by Khmer Rouge]]
||[[Democratic Kampuchea]]
||1975
||1979
||100% of the [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]] in [[Cambodia]] were slaughtered during the [[genocide]] according to [[Samuel Totten]].
|-
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|10000}}
||[[Herero and Namaqua genocide|Namaqua genocide]]
||[[German South-West Africa]]
||1904
||1907
||Part of the [[Herero and Namaqua genocide]] during the [[Herero Wars]].
|-
||{{nts|8000}}
||{{nts|8000}}
||{{nts|8000}}
||Thai Genocide by [[Khmer Rouge]]<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
||[[Democratic Kampuchea]]
||1975
||1979
||40% of Thai in [[Cambodia]] were killed during the [[Cambodian Genocide]] according to [[Samuel Totten]].
|-
||{{nts|7746}}
||{{nts|2000}}
||{{nts|30000}}
||[[1946 Bihar riots]]
||[[Bihar]], [[British India]]
||October 30, 1946
||November 7, 1946
||<ref>Ian Stephens, ''Pakistan'' (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1963), p. 111.</ref> However, By 3 November, the official estimate put the figure of death at only 445.<ref name="Das">
{{cite journal
 |last=Das
 |first=Suranjan
 |date=May 2000
 |title=The 1992 Calcutta Riot in Historical Continuum: A Relapse into 'Communal Fury'?
 |journal=Modern Asian Studies
 |publisher=Cambridge University Press
 |volume=34
 |issue=2
 |pages=281–306
 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X0000336X
 |jstor=313064
 |quote=
 }}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|7071}}
||{{nts|5000}}
||{{nts|10000}}
||[[Noakhali riots]]
||[[Noakhali]] Region, [[Bengal]], British India
||October 1946
||November 1946
||The Noakhali riots, also known as the Noakhali genocide or the Noakhali Carnage, were a series of massacres, rapes, abductions and forced conversions of Hindus and looting and arson of Hindu properties, perpetrated by the Muslim community in the districts of Noakhali in the Chittagong Division of Bengal in October–November 1946, a year before India's independence from British rule. It affected the areas under the Ramganj, Begumganj, Raipur, Lakshmipur, Chhagalnaiya and Sandwip police stations in Noakhali district and the areas under the Hajiganj, Faridganj, Chandpur, Laksham and Chauddagram police stations in Tipperah district, a total area of more than 2,000 square miles.
|-
||{{nts|6775}}
||{{nts|1020}}
||{{nts|45000}}
||[[Sétif and Guelma massacre|Algerian Massacres by the French]]
||[[Algeria]]
||1945
||1945
||<ref>"[[Horne27]]"</ref>
|-
||{{nts|6708}}<br /><br />878
||{{nts|3000}}<br /><br />878
||{{nts|15000}}<br /><br />878
||[[Aboriginal Tasmanians|Tasmanian Extinction]]<br />[[Black War]]
||[[Australia]]
||1803<br /><br />Mid 1820s
||1905<br /><br />1832
||After the death of [[Fanny Cochrane Smith]] there were no non-mixed raced [[Tasmanians]] left in the world.
|-
||{{nts|6325}}
||{{nts|2000}}
||{{nts|20000}}
||[[Zanzibar Revolution]]
||[[Zanzibar]]
||1964
||1964
||Thousands of [[Arabs]] and Indians were massacred during the [[Zanzibar Revolution]]
|-
||{{nts|5640}}
||{{nts|5590}}
||{{nts|5690}}+
||[[1964 East Pakistan riots]]
||[[East Pakistan]]
||January 1964
||January 1964
||Khulna 200–300<ref name="sgd">{{cite book |title=Empire's Last Casualty: Indian Subcontinent's vanishing Hindu and other Minorities |last=Ghosh Dastidar |first=Sachi |authorlink= |year=2008 |publisher=Firma KLM |location=Kolkata |isbn=81-7102-151-4 |page=170}}</ref><br />Dhaka 1,000<ref name="hindu23011964">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/this-day-that-age-dated-january-23-1964/article5607686.ece|title=1,000 KILLED IN RIOTS|date=23 January 1964|work=The Hindu|accessdate=17 August 2014|location=Madras}}</ref> 
Narayanganj 3,500<ref name="skb96">{{cite book |title=Genocide in East Pakistan/Bangladesh |last=Bhattacharyya |first=S.K. |authorlink= |year=1987 |publisher=A. Ghosh (Publisher) |location=Houston |isbn=0-9611614-3-4 |page=96}}</ref><br />Bhulta 267<ref name="skb100">{{cite book |title=Genocide in East Pakistan/Bangladesh |last=Bhattacharyya |first=S.K. |authorlink= |year=1987 |publisher=A. Ghosh (Publisher) |location=Houston |isbn=0-9611614-3-4 |page=100}}</ref><br />Golkandli 623<br />Almost 100% of [[Hindu]] population of Mainam ?<br />100s or 1000s more?
|-
||{{nts|5477}}
||{{nts|5000}}<ref name=Zubaida370>{{Harvnb|Zubaida|2000|p=370}}</ref>
||{{nts|6000}}<ref name = "IFHR">{{cite web|title=Displaced persons in Iraqi Kurdistan and Iraqi refugees in Iran|url=http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/iq350a.pdf|work=fidh.org|publisher=International Federation for Human Rights|date=January 2003|accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref><ref name = "DeKelaita">{{cite web|last=DeKelaita|first=Robert|title=The Origins and Developments of Assyrian Nationalism|url=http://www.aina.org/books/oadoan.pdf|work=Committee on International Relations Of the [[University of Chicago]]|publisher=Assyrian International News Agency|date=22 November 2009|accessdate=23 September 2011}}</ref>
||[[Simele massacre]]
||[[Simele]], [[Kingdom of Iraq]]
||August 7, 1933
||August 11, 1933
||The Simele massacre inspired [[Raphael Lemkin]] to create the concept of [[genocide]].<ref name="Donabed2015">{{cite book|author=Sargon Donabed|title=Reforging a Forgotten History: Iraq and the Assyrians in the 20th Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bwLdCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT110|date=1 February 2015|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-8605-6|pages=110–}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|4818}} [[1950 Barisal Riots#Killings|+ 3?]]
||{{nts|4803}} [[1950 Barisal Riots#Killings|+ 3?]]
||{{nts|4833}} [[1950 Barisal Riots#Killings|+ 3?]]
||[[1950 Barisal Riots]]
||[[East Bengal]]
||February 1950
||March 1950
||Kalshira?<br />
70–100 Nachole<br />
215 Dhaka<br />
2,500 Barisal<br />
Chittagong ?<br />
Sylhet ?<br />
Rajshahi 17<br />
Mymensingh 2,000<br />
Jessore 1
|-
||{{nts|4733}}
||{{nts|2800}}
||{{nts|8000}}
||[[1984 Sikh Massacre]]
||[[India]]
||October 31, 1984
||November 3, 1984
||A series of [[pogroms]] against [[sikhs]] primarily done by members of the [[Indian National Congress]] party due to the [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|assassination of the prime minister]].
|-
||{{nts|4681}}
||{{nts|2191}}
||{{nts|10000}}
||[[Nellie massacre]]
||[[Assam]], [[India]]
||Six hours on February 18, 1983
||Six hours on February 18, 1983
||<ref>[http://www.slideshare.net/umain30/genesis-of-nellie-massacre-and-assam-agitation Genesis of nellie massacre and assam agitation], Indilens news team, Retrieved 10 November 2015.</ref>
|-
||{{nts|4000}}
||{{nts|4000}}
||{{nts|4000}}
||Laotian Genocide by [[Khmer Rouge]]<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
||[[Democratic Kampuchea]]
||1975
||1979
||40% of Laotians in [[Cambodia]] were killed during the [[Cambodian Genocide]] according to [[Samuel Totten]].
|-
||{{nts|4000}}
||{{nts|4000}}
||{{nts|4000}}
||[[Direct Action Day]]
||[[India]]
||August 16, 1946
||August 18, 1946
||[[Direct Action Day]] (16 August 1946), also known as the [[Great Calcutta Killings]], was a day of widespread riot and manslaughter between Hindus and Muslims in the city of [[Calcutta]] (now known as Kolkata) in the [[Bengal]] province of [[British India]].
|-
||{{nts|3873}}
||{{nts|3000}}
||{{nts|5000}}
||[[1804 Haiti massacre]]
||[[Haiti]]
||Early February 1804
||April 22, 1804
||[[Genocide]] of white people in Haiti.{{sfn|Girard|2011|pp=319–322}}
|-
||{{nts|3464}}
||{{nts|2000}}
||{{nts|6000}}
||[[Trail of Tears]]
||[[United States]]
||1830
||1850
||The forced relocation of various Native American tribes under the order of [[Andrew Jackson]].
|-
||{{nts|3162}}
||{{nts|2000}}<ref>
https://web.archive.org/web/20140807191105/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/07/world/meast/stopping-isis
http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/06/world/meast/iraq-crisis-minority-persecution/index.html
</ref>
||{{nts|5000}}+<ref>Hopkins, Steve (14 October 2014). "Full horror of the Yazidis who didn't escape Mount Sinjar: UN confirms 5,000 men were executed and 7,000 women are now kept as sex slaves". London: The Daily Mail.</ref>
||[[Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL]]
||[[Sinjar]], [[Iraq]] and [[Syria]]
||2014
||ongoing
||[[Ethnic cleansing]], execution, forced conversion, rape, and enslavement of [[Yazidi]]s by [[ISIL]]
|-
||{{nts|3122}}
||{{nts|2500}}{{sfn|Chapman|2010|p=544}}
||{{nts|3900}}<ref name="Gardini 1984 645–47"/>
||[[Selknam genocide]]
||[[Tierra del Fuego]], [[Chile]]
||Late 1800s
||Early 1900s
||[[Genocide]] of [[Selknam]] Native Chilean tribe.
|-
||{{nts|2580}}
||{{nts|547}}
||{{nts|12166}}
||[[Parsley Massacre]]
||[[Dominican Republic]]
||October 2, 1937
||October 8, 1937
||[[Genocidal massacre]] of people who say perejil(Spanish for parsely) in a French accent in order to determine if they're [[Afro-Haitian]] or [[Afro-Dominicans (Dominican Republic)|Afro-Dominican]].
|-
||{{nts|1763}}
||{{nts|1044}}
||{{nts|2977}}<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|title=Communal Riots in Gujarat: The State at Risk?|journal=Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics|date=July 2003|page=16|url=http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/4127/1/hpsacp17.pdf|accessdate=5 November 2013}}</ref>
||[[2002 Gujarat riots]]
||[[Gujarat]], [[India]]
||February 2002
||March 2002
||Minimum death toll inlcludes 790 [[Muslim]] death toll. Both death tolls include 254 [[Hindu]] deaths and maximum death toll includes 223 presumed mixing as dead and 2,500 Muslim higher death toll.
|-
||{{nts|1566}}
||{{nts|1566}}<ref>"Which groups are under threat by ISIS in Iraq? – CNN.com". CNN. Retrieved 2015-12-22.</ref>
||{{nts|1566}}+
||[[Genocide of Shias by ISIL]]
||[[Iraq]], [[Syria]]
||2014
||ongoing
||[[Ethnic cleansing]], execution, forced conversion, rape, and enslavement of [[Shias]]s by [[ISIL]]
|-
||{{nts|1300}}
||{{nts|1300}}
||{{nts|1300}}
||[[Conquest of the Desert]]
||[[Argentina]]
||Mid 1870s
||1884
||The [[Conquest of the Desert]] was a military campaign directed mainly by General [[Julio Argentino Roca]] in the 1870s, which established Argentine dominance over [[Patagonia]], then inhabited by [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas#Argentina|indigenous peoples]], killing more than 1,300.<ref>Carlos A. Floria and César A. García Belsunce, 1971. ''Historia de los Argentinos'' I and II; {{ISBN|84-599-5081-6}}. {{Page needed|date=December 2008}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|1000}}
||{{nts|1000}}<ref>As Christians Flee, Governments Pressured To Declare ISIS Guilty Of Genocide". NPR. 24 December 2015. "At least a thousand Christians have been killed. Hundreds of thousands have fled."</ref>
||{{nts|1000}}+
||[[Genocide of Christians by ISIL]]
||[[Iraq]], [[Syria]], and [[Libya]]
||2014
||ongoing
||[[Ethnic cleansing]], execution, forced conversion, rape, and enslavement of [[Christians]] by [[ISIL]]
|-
||{{ntsh|9281}}?
||{{ntsh|319}}?
||{{ntsh|270000}}?
||[[Siege of Fort Pitt|Biological Warfare at the Siege of Fort Pitt]]
||[[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]]
||1763
||1763
||The death toll resulting from the event is unknown but here are some statistics that may allow for some extrapolations: The [[Siege of Fort Pitt|Fort Pit outbreak]] hit the [[Lenni Lenape]] and [[Shawnee]].<ref>{{cite book |title=American Indian Chronology: Chronologies of the American Mosaic |date=June 2, 2011 |author=Phillip M. White |page=44 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]}}</ref> The population of these two groups in 2008 were 16,000 and 14,000 respectively.<ref name=p422>Pritzker 422</ref><ref name="oic">Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission. [http://www.ok.gov/oiac/Publications/index.html ''Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211145522/http://www.ok.gov/oiac/Publications/index.html |date=2009-02-11 }}'' 2008.</ref> The US's population in 2008 was likely about 305 million as it was 281,421,906 in 2000 and grew by 1.9 million each year afterwards, meaning the two tribes were likely about one ten thousandth of the population. The population of the aforementioned tribes is unknown but the non-native population of the United States in 1760 was 1,593,625 and in 1770 was 2,148,076,.<ref>{{cite web|title=CT1970p2-13: Colonial and Pre-Federal Statistics|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/CT1970p2-13.pdf|website=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=20 August 2015|page=1168|date=2004}}</ref> Note that the census numbers do not include [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] until 1860, but in 2010 Native Americans made up about 0.7% of the U.S. population.<ref name="Census1860">[https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990...]. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2013-05-28.</ref><ref name=c2010>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf |title=Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010 |format=PDF |accessdate=2013-05-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429214029/http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf |archivedate=2011-04-29 |df= }}</ref> The native populations grow at slower rates then non-native and sometimes even decreased. The mortality rates of disease on indigenous people can be as high as 90%.<ref name="NDCook">Cook, Noble David. ''Born To Die''; Cambridge University Press ;1998; pp. 1–14.</ref> There is also widespread intermarriage between the natives and non-natives.
|-

|}

==Political purges and repressions (politicides)==

''This section includes events that entail the mass killings of political opposition (such as those of certain ideology, class or just someone protesting the government) in what are sometimes called "Red" or "White" Terrors depending on who's committing them and the type of opposition they target (Red=Communist, White=Anti-Communist/Nationalist). Another term used to refer to these types of killing is politicide. This list is incomplete please help by adding to it. see also [[Red Terror (disambiguation)]], [[White Terror (disambiguation)|White Terror]], and [[Politicide]]. ''

{| style="width:100%;" class="sortable wikitable"
|- style="background:#CCCC;"
!data-sort-type="number" | Geom. mean estimate<ref name="Pinto 2014 173–180"/>
!data-sort-type="number" | Lowest estimate!! style="width:7%;" data-sort-type="number" | Highest estimate !! style="width:7%;" | Event !! style="width:5%;" | Location !! style="width:5%;" | From !! width="5%" data-sort-type="number" | To !! width="50%" data-sort-type="number" | Notes
|-
||{{nts|4732864}} || {{nts|800000}} || {{nts|28000000}}  || [[Landlord Classicide under Mao Zedong]] || [[People's Republic of China]]  || 1946 || 1949 ||<ref name="Rummel223">{{cite book|last=Rummel|first=Rudolph J.|title=China's bloody century: genocide and mass murder since 1900|publisher=Transaction Publishers|year=2007|page=223|url=http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/NOTE2.HTM|isbn=978-1-4128-0670-1}}</ref><br /> Millions of landlords were murdered during land reforms before the formation of the [[People's Republic of China]] because they were seen as class enemies.<br /> See [[Struggle session]]
|-
||{{nts|2000000}} || {{nts|400000}}<ref name="Maurice Meisner 1999 354"/>  || {{nts|10000000}}<ref>The Chinese Case: Was It Genocide or Poor Policy?<br />
Merrill Goldman<br />
Tuesday, December 5, 1995<br />
Lydia Perry<br />
"The Cultural Revolution was modern China's most destructive episode. It is estimated that 100 million people were persecuted and about five to ten million people, mostly intellectuals and party officials lost their lives."
<br />
https://www.ushmm.org/confront-genocide/speakers-and-events/all-speakers-and-events/genocide-and-mass-murder-in-the-twentieth-century-a-historical-perspective/the-chinese-case-was-it-genocide-or-poor-policy
</ref> || [[The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution]] || [[People's Republic of China]] || 1966 || 1976 || The [[Cultural Revolution]], formally the ''Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution'', was a sociopolitical movement that took place in the [[People's Republic of China]] from 1966 until 1976. Set into motion by [[Mao Zedong]], then [[Chairman]] of the [[Communist Party of China]], its stated goal was to preserve 'true' [[Communist ideology]] in the country by purging remnants of [[capitalist]] and [[traditional]] elements from Chinese society.<br /><br /> See [[Struggle session]]
|-
||{{nts|1325000}}
||{{nts|1325000}}
||{{nts|1325000}}
||[[Cambodian genocide#Autogenocide|Cambodian Autogenocide]]
||[[Democratic Kampuchea]]
||1975
||1979
||<ref name="ReferenceC"/><br />Some have referred to the mass killing of ethnic [[Khmer people]] under the [[Khmer Rouge]] as a [[genocide]] despite the fact the mass killings were committed by fellow Khmer and the Khmer were killed less in proportion to their population, according to [[Samuel Totten]], then other victims of the Khmer Rouge making it more of a politicide. These killings have been described as ''autogenocide'' or ''civil genocide.'' The death toll used here is the combined death of rural and urban Khmer according to Samuel Totten. Note this is not the total number of people killed in the [[Cambodian genocide]] just the number of ethnic Khmers killed.
|-
||{{nts|1193315}} || {{nts|712000}}<ref name="Yang Kuisong">{{cite journal | url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1809176 | title=Reconsidering the Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries | author=[[Yang Kuisong]] | journal=[[The China Quarterly]] | date=March 2008 | volume=193 | pages=102–121 | doi=10.1017/S0305741008000064}}{{paywall}}[https://chinachange.org/2011/11/28/reconsidering-the-campaign-to-suppress-counterrevolutionaries/ summary] at China Change blog</ref> || {{nts|2000000}}<ref>[[Maurice Meisner]]. ''Mao's China and After: A History of the People's Republic, Third Edition.'' Free, Press, 1999. {{ISBN|0-684-85635-2}} p. 72: "...the estimate of many relatively impartial observers that there were 2,000,000 people executed during the first three years of the People's Republic is probably as accurate a guess as one can make on the basis of scanty information."<br />{{cite book|last=Twitchett |first=Denis |author2=[[John K. Fairbank]] |author3=[[Roderick MacFarquhar]] |title=The Cambridge history of China |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=0-521-24336-X |page=87 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ioppEjkCkeEC&pg=PA87&dq=at+least+one+landlord,+and+usually+several,+in+virtually+every+village+for+public+execution&ei=wP14R6muKIi0iQHR4ezAAQ&ie=ISO-8859-1&sig=9REVjFOEIx_4TIMFixd7fhgC9FY |accessdate=2008-08-23 }}<br />"Mao's Killing Quotas">{{cite web|url=http://hrichina.org/public/PDFs/CRF.4.2005/CRF-2005-4_Quota.pdf |format=PDF |title=Mao's "Killing Quotas." Human Rights in China (HRIC). 26 September 2005, at Shandong University |last=Changyu |first=Li |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090729194758/http://www.hrichina.org/public/PDFs/CRF.4.2005/CRF-2005-4_Quota.pdf |archivedate=29 July 2009 |df= }}</ref>  || [[Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries in China]] || [[People's Republic of China]] || 1950 || 1951 ||  The [[Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries]] ({{zh|c=镇压反革命|p=zhènyā fǎn gémìng|l=suppressing [[counterrevolutionaries]]}} or abbreviated as {{zh|c=鎮反|p=zhènfǎn}}) was the first political campaign launched by the [[People's Republic of China]] designed to eradicate opposition elements, especially former [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) functionaries accused of trying undermine the new [[Communist Party of China|Communist government]].<ref name="Yang Kuisong"/>
|-
||{{nts|1077850}} || {{nts|681692}}<ref name=Pipes>Communism: A History (Modern Library Chronicles) by [[Richard Pipes]], pg 67</ref> || {{nts|1704230}}<ref name="AW-C">Wielka czystka by [[Alexander Weissberg-Cybulski]], {{ISBN|83-07-02122-7}}</ref> || [[Great Purge in the Soviet Union]]  || [[Soviet Union]] || 1936 || 1938 || The [[Great Purge]] or Great Terror was a period of intense political repression in the [[Soviet Union]] including execution (especially through open air shootings) and forced labor through the [[Gulag]] system.
|-
||{{nts|485283}} || {{nts|78500}}<ref>Crouch (1978), cited in Cribb (1990). p. 7.</ref> || {{nts|3000000}}<ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/101east/2012/12/2012121874846805636.html Indonesia's killing fields]. ''[[Al Jazeera]]'', December 21, 2012. Retrieved January 24, 2016.<br />{{cite book |last1= Gellately|first1= Robert|author-link1= Robert Gellately|last2= Kiernan|first2= Ben|author-link2= Ben Kiernan|date= July 2003|title= The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective|url= http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/history/twentieth-century-regional-history/specter-genocide-mass-murder-historical-perspective|location= |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]|pages= [https://books.google.com/books?id=k9Ro7b0tWz4C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA290#v=onepage&q&f=false 290–291]|isbn=0521527503 |access-date= October 19, 2015}}<br />"Blumenthal80">Mark Aarons (2007). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=dg0hWswKgTIC&lpg=PA80&pg=PA69#v=onepage&q&f=false Justice Betrayed: Post-1945 Responses to Genocide]." In David A. Blumenthal and Timothy L. H. McCormack (eds). ''[http://www.brill.com/legacy-nuremberg-civilising-influence-or-institutionalised-vengeance The Legacy of Nuremberg: Civilising Influence or Institutionalised Vengeance? (International Humanitarian Law).]'' [[Martinus Nijhoff Publishers]]. {{ISBN|9004156917}} p.&nbsp;[https://books.google.com/books?id=dg0hWswKgTIC&pg=PA80 80].</ref> || [[Indonesian killings of 1965–66|1965 & 66 Indonesian Politicide]] || [[Indonesia]] || 1965 || 1966 || Massacres of people connected to the [[Indonesian Communist Party]] (PKI) were carried out in 1965 and 1966. Death tolls are difficult to estimate.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cribb|first=Robert|title=Unresolved Problems in the Indonesian Killings of 1965–1966|journal=Asian Survey|year=2002|volume=42|issue=4|pages=550–563|doi=10.1525/as.2002.42.4.550}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|300000}}
||{{nts|300000}}
||{{nts|300000}}<ref>{{Cite book|title=Потери народонаселения в XX веке.|last=Эрлихман|first=Вадим|publisher=Издательский дом "Русская панорама"|year=2004|isbn=5931651071}}</ref>
||[[White Terror (Russia)]]
||Former [[Russian Empire]]
||1917
||1923
||[[White movement]] equivalent to the [[Red Terror]].
|-
||{{nts|244949}}
||{{nts|150000}}<ref>Julián Casanova, Francisco Espinosa, Conxita Mir, Francisco Moreno Gómez. Morir, matar, sobrevivir. La violencia en la dictadura de Franco. Editorial Crítica. Barcelona. 2002. p. 8.</ref> || {{nts|400000}}<ref>Richards, Michael. ''A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936–1945.'' Cambridge University Press. 1998. p.11.</ref> || [[White Terror (Spain)]] || [[Spain]] during and after the [[Spanish Civil War]] ||  1936 || 1945 || In [[Spain]], the [[White Terror (Spain)|White Terror]] (also known as ''la Represión Franquista'', the "Francoist Repression") was the series of acts of politically motivated violence, rape, and other crimes committed by the Nationalist movement during the Spanish Civil War (17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939) and during Francisco Franco's dictatorship (1 October 1936 – 20 November 1975)<ref name="beevor">Beevor, Antony. ''The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939'' Weidenfeld and Nicholson (2006), pp.89–94.</ref>
|-
|| {{nts|150000}} || {{nts| 30000}} ||   {{nts|750000}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Genocides, Politicides, and Other Mass Murder Since 1945, With Stages in 2008|url=http://www.gpanet.org/content/genocides-politicides-and-other-mass-murder-1945-stages-2008|website=Genocide Prevention Advisory Network|accessdate=16/07/22}}</ref>
|| [[Qey Shibir]] || [[People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia]] || 1977 || 1978 || Violent purge of those deemed Anti-Communist in [[Ethiopia]].
Death Toll Sources:<ref>Harff, Barbara & Gurr, Ted Robert: "Toward an Empirical Theory of Genocides and Politicides", 32 International Studies Quarterly 359 (1988).</ref><ref>Agence France Presse (8 Oct. 1996)</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=4eSR1rHg5_YC&pg=PA457 ''The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World''] by Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, pg 457</ref><ref name="US admits helping Mengistu escape">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/575405.stm US admits helping Mengistu escape] [[BBC]], 22 December 1999</ref><ref>''Talk of the Devil: Encounters with Seven Dictators'' by Riccardo Orizio, pg 151</ref>
|-
||{{nts|141421}}
||{{nts|100000}}<ref>Historical Dictionary of the Korean War, Paul M. Edwards, Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press, 2010, p. 32, entry "Bodo League Massacre"</ref>
||{{nts|200000}}{{sfn|Kim|2004|p=535}}
||[[Bodo League Massacre]]
||[[Korea]]
||Summer 1950
||Summer 1950
||Massacre of communist and suspected communist during the [[Korean War]].
|-
||{{nts|126491}} || {{nts|80000}}<ref name="holocaust">{{cite book |last=Hodapp |first=Christopher |date=2013 |title=Freemasonry for Dummies, 2. Edition |url= |location= |publisher=Wiley Publishing Inc. |page= |isbn=1118412087 }}</ref> || {{nts|200000}}<ref name="holocaust"/> || [[Holocaust]] of the [[Freemasons]] || [[Nazi]] occupied territory || 1933 || 1945 || The [[Nazis]] targeted [[Freemasons]] for their killings as they saw them as collaborators in a [[Jewish]] Conspiracy.
See [[Suppression of Freemasonry]]
|-
|| {{nts|122474}} || {{nts|10000}}<ref>Ryan, James (2012). ''Lenin's Terror: The Ideological Origins of Early Soviet State Violence.'' London: [[Routledge]].  [https://books.google.com/books?id=XJ6LAgAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA114#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 114]. {{ISBN|978-1138815681}}.</ref> || {{nts|1500000}}<ref name="szaszdi">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZuXf0-HU4QMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Russian+civil-military+relations+and+the+origins+of+the+second+Chechen+war&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAGoVChMIz6HUuMG4xwIVgRKSCh3QawgD#v=onepage&q=Russian%20civil-military%20relations%20and%20the%20origins%20of%20the%20second%20Chechen%20war&f=false | title=Russian civil-military relations and the origins of the second Chechen war | publisher=University Press of America | author=Szaszdi, Lajos | year=2008 | pages=152 | isbn=9780761841784}}</ref> || [[Red Terror during the Russian Civil War]] || Former [[Russian Empire]] during [[Russian Civil War]] || 1918 || 1922 || Political repression by the [[Bolsheviks]] during the [[Russian Civil War]].
|-
||{{nts|67082}}
||{{nts|25000}}
||{{nts|180000}}
||[[1991 uprising in Iraq]]
||[[Iraq]]
||March the 1st, 1991
||April the 5th, 1991
||The death toll of the uprising against [[Saddam Hussein]]'s government during 1991 was high throughout the country. The rebels killed many Ba'athist officials and officers. In response, thousands of unarmed civilians were killed by indiscriminate fire from loyalist tanks, artillery and helicopters, and many historical and religious structures in the south were deliberately targeted under orders from Saddam Hussein. Saddam's security forces entered the cities, often using women and children as [[human shield]]s, where they detained and [[summary execution|summarily executed]] or [[Forced disappearance|"disappeared"]] thousands of people at random in a policy of [[collective responsibility]]. Many suspects were tortured, raped, or burned alive.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mafhoum.com/press4/126S23.htm |title=Justice For Iraq |publisher=Mafhoum.com |date= |accessdate=2013-08-14}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|63246}} || {{nts|50000}} || {{nts|80000}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Background on Chile|url=http://www.cja.org/article.php?list=type&type=196|publisher=The Center for Justice & Accountability|accessdate=9 July 2013}}</ref> || [[Operation Condor|Operation ''Condor'']] || [[South America]] || 1975 || 1983 || A campaign of political repression by right-wing dictatorships in South America, sponsored by the United States
|-
||{{nts|52432}} || {{nts|38000}}<ref>Beevor, Antony. ''The Battle for Spain; The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939''. Penguin Books. 2006. London. p. 87</ref> || {{nts|72344}}<ref name="Dela">de la Cueva, Julio, "Religious Persecution", ''Journal of Contemporary History'', 3, 198, pp. 355–369. {{jstor|261121}}</ref> || [[Red Terror (Spain)]] || [[Spain]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]] || 1936 || 1939 || The [[Red Terror]] in Spain ({{lang-es|Terror Rojo}})<ref>''Unearthing Franco's Legacy'', Julian Casanova, pp. 105–106, University of Notre Dame Press, 2010 {{ISBN|0-268-03268-8}}</ref> is the name given by historians to various acts of violence committed from 1936 until the end of the [[Spanish Civil War]] "by sections of nearly all the [[leftist]] groups".<ref>Beevor, Antony (2006), The Battle For Spain; The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939, p. 81 Weidenfeld and Nicholson</ref>
|-
||{{nts|51962}} || {{nts|13500}}<ref name="lib.washington.edu">Moise, pp. 205–222; "Newly released documents on the land reform", ''Vietnam Studies Group'',  https://www.lib.washington.edu/SouthEastAsia/vsg/elist_2007/Newly%20released%20documents%20on%20the%20land%20reform%20.html, accessed 3 Oct 2015</ref> || {{nts|200000}}<ref name="paulbogdanor.com">Lam Thanh Liem (2005), "Ho Chi Minh's Land Reform: Mistake or Crime," http://www.paulbogdanor.com/left/vietnam/landreform.html, accessed 4 October 2015</ref>  || [[Land reform in Vietnam#North Vietnam|North Vietnamese Land Reform]]  || [[North Vietnam]] || 1954 || 1956 || Some view the land reforms as a class purge.
|-
||{{nts|25923}} || {{nts|16000}} || {{nts|42000}} || The [[Reign of Terror]] || [[France]] during the [[French Revolution]] || 1793 || 1794 || The [[Reign of Terror]], was a period of violence that occurred after the onset of the [[French Revolution]], incited by conflict between two rival political factions, the [[Girondins]] and The [[Jacobins]], and marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution".
|-
||{{nts|20000}}
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|40000}}
||[[1982 Hama Massacre]]
||[[Hama]], [[Syria]]
||February 2, 1982
||February the 28th 1982
||The [[Hama massacre]] ([[Arabic]]: مجزرة حماة) occurred in February 1982, when the [[Syrian Arab Army]] and the [[Defense Companies]], under the orders of the country's president [[Hafez al-Assad]], besieged the town of [[Hama]] for 27 days in order to quell an [[uprising]] by the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] against al-Assad's government
|-
||{{nts|20000}}
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|40000}}<ref>{{cite web|author=[[University of California, San Diego]]|url=http://dodgson.ucsd.edu/las/elsal/1902-1932.html|title=El Salvador elections and events 1902–1932|year=2001|accessdate=August 12, 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080521064730/http://dodgson.ucsd.edu/las/elsal/1902-1932.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = May 21, 2008}}</ref>
||[[1932 Salvadoran peasant massacre]]
||[[El Salvador]]
||January 22, 1932
||July 11, 1932
||Many of the victims were [[Indigenous people]]
|-
||{{nts|17320}}
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|30000}}
||[[February 28 Incident]]
||[[Taiwan]]
||1947
||1947
||Crackdown by the [[Kuomintang]] government that ushered in the [[White Terror (Taiwan)]] era.
|-
||{{nts|16432}} || {{nts|9000}}<ref>{{cite news|author=Phil Gunson |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/apr/02/obituary-raul-alfonsin |title=The Guardian, Thursday 2 April 2009 |publisher=Guardian |accessdate=2013-08-23 |location=London |date=2009-04-02}}</ref> || {{nts|30000}}<ref>PBS News Hour, 16 Oct. 1997, et al. [http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat5.htm#Argentina Argentina Death Toll], Twentieth Century Atlas</ref> || [[Dirty War]] || [[Argentina]] || 1976 || 1983 || At least 9,000 people were tortured and killed in Argentina from 1976 to 1983, carried out primarily by the Argentinean military Junta (part of Operation ''Condor'').
|-
|| {{nts|11650}} || {{nts|11650}}   ||  {{nts|11650}} || [[Finnish Civil War#Red and White Terror|Red and White Terrors of the Finnish Civil War]] || [[Finland]] || 1918  || 1918  || Both sides of the [[Finnish Civil War]] used Terrors where 10,000 were killed in the White Terror and 1,650 were killed in the Red Terror.<ref>{{Harvnb|Paavolainen|1966|pp=183–208}}, {{Harvnb|Paavolainen|1967|pp=}}, {{Harvnb|Keränen et al.|1992|pp=121, 138}}, {{Harvnb|Eerola|Eerola|1998|pp=59, 91}},  {{Harvnb|Westerlund|2004a|p=15}}, {{Harvnb|Tikka|2006|pp=19–30}}, {{Harvnb|Jyränki|2014|pp=150–188}}, {{Harvnb|Tikka|2014|pp=90–118}}, {{Harvnb|Kekkonen|2016|pp=106–166, 287–356}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|11596}}
||{{nts|4482}}
||{{nts|30000}}
||[[1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners|1988 Iranian P.O.C. Massacre]]
||[[Iran]]
||1988
||1988<br />(5 months after starting of executions.)
||<ref name="amnesty">https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE13/021/1990/en/5c32759d-ee5e-11dd-9381-bdd29f83d3a8/mde130211990en.html</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranfocus.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=160|title=Iran Focus|publisher=|accessdate=12 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/02/04/wiran04.xml|title=News|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=12 May 2016}}</ref><br />Massacre of Prisoners of Conscience (P.O.C.s) in Iran.
|-
||{{nts|3464}}||  {{nts|3000}} || {{nts|4000}} || [[White Terror (Taiwan)]] || [[Taiwan]] || 1949 || 1987 || An era of martial law in [[Taiwan]] in which 140,000 where imprisoned and 3,000 to 4,000 were executed for real or perceived opposition to the [[Kuomintang]]
|-
||{{nts|1960}}
||{{nts|1200}}
||{{nts|3200}}
||[[Human rights violations in Pinochet's Chile|Chilean Politicide]]
||[[Chile]]
||1974
||1990
||1,200 to 3,200 alleged [[communist]] were executed, 80,000 were forcibly interned and 30,000 were tortured under the reign of [[Augusto Pinochet]].<ref>{{es icon}} [http://www.usip.org/publications/truth-commission-chile-90 English translation] of the [[Rettig Report]]</ref><ref>[http://www.comisiontortura.cl/inicio/index.php 2004 Commission on Torture] (dead link)</ref><ref name="latinamericanstudies.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/human-rights/false-reports.htm |title=Chile to sue over false reports of Pinochet-era missing |publisher=Latin American Studies |date=30 December 2008 |accessdate=10 March 2010}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|850}}
||{{nts|241}}
||{{nts|3000}}
||Massacre of the [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]]
||[[Tiananmen Square]], [[People's Republic of China]]
||1989
||1989
||Crackdown of anti-government protest in the [[People's Republic of China]].
|-
|}

==Forced labor, slavery, internment/extermination camps, and slave trades==
[[File:Arabslavers.jpg|thumb|300px|A 19th-century European engraving of Arab slave-trading caravan transporting African slaves across the [[Sahara]] during [[Arab slave trade]].]]

''Includes deaths caused by the poor labor conditions of the systems, executions for not performing the labor satisfactorily, and killing from trying to accumulate the work force.''

{| style="width:100%;" class="sortable wikitable"
|- style="background:#CCCC;"
!data-sort-type="number" | Geom. mean estimate<ref name="Pinto 2014 173–180"/>
!data-sort-type="number" | Lowest estimate!! style="width:7%;" data-sort-type="number" | Highest estimate !! style="width:7%;" | Event !! style="width:5%;" | Location !! style="width:5%;" | From !! width="5%" data-sort-type="number" | To !! width="50%" data-sort-type="number" | Notes
|-
||{{nts|32863353}}
||{{nts|22500000}}
||{{nts|48000000}}
||[[Maafa]]
||[[Middle East]], [[North Africa]], the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]] and the [[Horn of Africa]]
||650s
||1900s
||The summation of all those killed in Slave Trades and forced labour systems under both Europeans and Arab:<br /> 
5.5 to 15 million [[Atlantic Slave Trade|Atlantic Trade]]<br />
14 to 20 million [[Arab Slave Trade|Arab Trade]]<br />
3 to 13 million [[Congo Holocaust]] under [[Leopold II of Belgium|Leopold II]]
|-
||{{nts|20124610}}
||{{nts|15000000}}<ref name="The Laogai Archipelago"/>
||{{nts|27000000}}
||[[Laogai|Laogai<br /> "reform through labor" System]]
||[[People's Republic of China]]
||1945
||1976
||[[Laogai]] (勞改/劳改), the abbreviation for  ''Láodòng Gǎizào'' (勞動改造/劳动改造), which means "reform through labor", is a slogan of the Chinese [[criminal justice|criminal justice system]] and has been used to refer to the use of [[penal labour]] and [[prison farm]]s in the People's Republic of China (PRC), which once took up more than half of the world's slaves.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}} ''Laogai'' is different from ''laojiao'', or [[re-education through labor]], which was an administrative detention for a person who was not a criminal but had committed minor offenses, and was intended to reform offenders into law-abiding citizens.<ref name="HRW">{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/campaigns/china-98/laojiao.htm |title=Reeducation Through Labor in China |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] |accessdate=October 12, 2008 |date=June 1998 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915044818/http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/china-98/laojiao.htm |archivedate=September 15, 2008 |df= }}</ref>  Persons detained under ''laojiao'' were detained in facilities that were separate from the general prison system of ''laogai''. Both systems, however, involved [[Penal labour|penal labor]].
|-
||{{nts|16733201}}
||{{nts|14000000}}
||{{nts|20000000}}
||[[Arab slave trade|Slave Trade of Africans by Arabs]]
||[[Middle East]], [[North Africa]], and the [[Horn of Africa]]
||650s
||1900s
||<ref name=ForgottenHolocaust/><ref name="online at pp. 119-20">Patrick Manning, "The Slave Trade: The Formal Dermographics of a Global System" in Joseph E. Inikori and Stanley L. Engerman (eds), ''The Atlantic Slave Trade: Effects on Economies, Societies and Peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Europe'' (Duke University Press, 1992), pp. 117–44, [https://books.google.com/books?id=abvkqNGSTZ0C&pg=PA119 online at pp. 119–20.]</ref>

|-
||{{nts|10868533}}
||{{nts|10500000}}<ref>Davis, Robert. Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500–1800.</ref><ref>The Cambridge World History of Slavery: Volume 3, AD 1420–AD 1804</ref>
||{{nts|11250000}}
||[[Ottoman slave trade|European enslavement under the Ottoman Turks]]
||[[Southern Europe]], [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]]
||1450
||1800
||Slave raids carried out by Muslims from [[Ottoman Empire]] on European nations.
There is no concrete number for the number of people killed due to the [[Barbary Slave Trade]]. The method many people use such as Matthew White is to estimate the mortality rate of slave raids and multiply them by the number people took as slaves. White estimates 3 people were killed for every 1 slave abducted.<br />(Includes [[Barbary Slave Trade]])
|-
||{{nts|9082951}}
||{{nts|5500000}}
||{{nts|15000000}}
||[[Atlantic Slave Trade]]
||[[Africa]], the [[Americas]], and across the [[Atlantic]]
||1600s
||1800s
||<ref name="online at pp. 119-20"/>
The transatlantic slave trade resulted in a vast and as yet still unknown loss of life for African captives both in and outside America.
|-
||{{nts|6244998}}
||{{nts|3000000}}{{efn|The Casement estimate is used by Ascherson in his book ''[[The King Incorporated]]'', although he notes that it is "almost certainly an underestimate".{{sfn|Ascherson|1999|p=9}}}}
||{{nts|13000000}}{{sfn|Hochschild|1999|p=315}}
||[[Congolese Holocaust]]
|| [[Congo Free State]] || {{nts|1885|format=no}} || {{nts|1908|format=no}} ||[[International Association of the Congo|Private forces]] under the control of [[Leopold II of Belgium]] carried out mass murders, mutilations, and other crimes against the Congolese in order to encourage the gathering of valuable raw materials, principally [[rubber]]. Significant deaths also occurred due to major disease outbreaks and starvation, caused by population displacement and poor treatment.<ref name="Hochschild 1999">p.226-232, [[Adam Hochschild|Hochschild, Adam]] (1999), ''[[King Leopold's Ghost]]'', Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, {{ISBN|0-547-52573-7}}</ref> Estimates of the death toll vary considerably because of the lack of a formal census before 1924, but a commonly cited figure of 10 million deaths was obtained by estimating a 50% decline in the total population during the Congo Free State and applying it to the total population of 10 million in 1924.<ref name="Hochschild p.226–232">Hochschild p.226–232.</ref>
|-
||{{nts|1702101}}
||{{nts|1053829}}
||{{nts|2749163}}<ref>Pohl, ''The Stalinist Penal System'', p. 131.</ref>
||[[Gulag|Gulag Labor System]]
||[[Soviet Union]]
||1930s
||1950s
||[[Gulag]] is an acronym for the organization that administered the forced labor system in the [[Soviet Union]] that became a colloquialism in the west for the camps themselves. The system was used to punish genuine criminals, political dissidents, and prisoners of war.
|-
||{{nts|1500000}}
||{{nts|1500000}}
||{{nts|1500000}}
||Forced Labor in [[North Korea]]
||[[North Korea]]
||1972
||ongoing
||<ref>''[[Black Book of Communism]]'', p. 564.</ref>
|-
|{{nts|1095445}}
|{{nts|800000}}
|{{nts|1500000}}
|{{nowrap|[[Auschwitz-Birkenau]]}}
|[[Oświęcim]], Poland
|1940
|1945
|<ref>Wellers, Georges. Essai de determination du nombre de morts au camp d'Auschwitz (attempt to determine the number of dead at the Auschwitz camp), Le Monde Juif, Oct–Dec 1983, pp. 127–159</ref><ref>Brian Harmon, John Drobnicki, [http://www.vex.net/~nizkor/features/denial-of-science/appendix-2-01.html Historical sources and the Auschwitz death toll estimates]</ref>
|-
|{{nts|836660}}
|{{nts|700000}}
|{{nts|1000000}}
|[[Treblinka extermination camp|Treblinka]]
|[[Treblinka]], Poland
|1942
|1943
|<ref name="nizkor.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.nizkor.org/faqs/reinhard/reinhard-faq-13.html |title=Operation Reinhard: Treblinka Deportations |work=Nizkor.org |accessdate=2013-08-23}}</ref><ref name="ea">Encyclopedia Americana</ref>
|-
||{{nts|590419}}
||{{nts|173000}}
||{{nts|2015000}}
||[[Hacienda|Peonage and Chattel Slavery In Mexico]]
||[[Mexico]]
||1900
||1920
||[[R.J. Rummel]] coiner of the word "[[Democide]]" estimated the mortality rate for [[Mexico|Mexican]] [[Peonage]] a form of debt labor by comparing it to similar forced labor systems such as the Soviet [[Gulag]], and then applying and reducing it accordingly to the population of [[Mexico]] at the time coming up with an annual death rate of 69,000.
|-
|{{nts|536656}}
|{{nts|480000}}
|{{nts|600000}}
|[[Bełżec extermination camp|Bełżec]]
|[[Bełżec, Lublin Voivodeship|Bełżec]], Poland
|1942
|1943
|<ref name="witte-tyas">Peter Witte and Stephen Tyas, ''A New Document on the Deportation and Murder of Jews during "Einsatz Reinhardt" 1942'', [[Holocaust and Genocide Studies]], Vol. 15, No. 3, Winter 2001, {{ISBN|0-19-922506-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author = Raul Hilberg| title = The Destruction of the European Jews: Third Edition| year = 2003| isbn = 978-0-300-09557-9 }}</ref><ref name="arad">Yitzhak Arad, ''Bełżec, Sobibor, Treblinka. The Operation Reinhard Death Camps'', Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, 1987, NCR 0-253-34293-7</ref>
|-
||{{nts|467654}}
||{{nts|270000}}
||{{nts|810000}}
||Forced Labor of [[Koreans]] by [[Imperial Japan]]
||[[Korea]] and [[Manchuria]]
||1939
||1945
||<ref>{{cite book | first=R. J. | last=Rummel | coauthors= | title=Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1990 | publisher=Lit Verlag | location= | year=1999 | editor= | isbn=3-8258-4010-7}}
Available online: {{cite web | title=Statistics of Democide: Chapter 3 – Statistics Of Japanese Democide Estimates, Calculations, And Sources | work=Freedom, Democracy, Peace; Power, Democide, and War | url=http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP3.HTM | accessdate=2006-03-01}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|400000}}<br /><br />{{nts|13000000}}(Alleged population decline by [[Andre Gide's Politics : Rebellion and Ambivalence]])
||{{nts|200000}}<br /><br />{{nts|13000000}}(Alleged population decline by [[Andre Gide's Politics : Rebellion and Ambivalence]])
||{{nts|800000}}<br /><br />{{nts|13000000}}(Alleged population decline by [[Andre Gide's Politics : Rebellion and Ambivalence]])
||[[French colonial empire|French Colonial Slavery]]
||[[French colonial empire]]
||1900
||1940
||<ref>http://necrometrics.com/20c100k.htm#Fr00</ref>
|-
||{{nts|325000}}
||{{nts|325000}}
||{{nts|325000}}
||[[Slavery in Portugal|Portuguese Forced Labor]]
||[[Portuguese Empire]]
||1900
||1925
||<ref>{{cite web|last1=White|first1=Matthew|title=Secondary Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c300k.htm|website=Necrometrics}}</ref>
|-
|{{nts|264575}}
|{{nts|100000}}
|{{nts|700000}}
|[[Jasenovac concentration camp|Jasenovac]]
|[[Croatia]]
| 1941
| 1945
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/Jasenovac.html |title=Jewish virtual library |publisher=Jewish virtual library |accessdate=2013-08-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/1673249.stm
|title=Croatian holocaust still stirs controversy
|publisher=BBC News
|date=2001-11-29
|accessdate=2010-09-29}}</ref><ref name="bbc">{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4479837.stm
|title=Balkan 'Auschwitz' haunts Croatia
|publisher=BBC News
|date=2005-04-25
|accessdate=2010-09-29
|quote=No one really knows how many died here. Serbs talk of 700,000. Most estimates put the figure nearer 100,000.}}</ref>
|-
|{{nts|254951}}
|{{nts|130000}}
|{{nts|500000}}
|[[Kolyma#Accounts of the Kolyma Gulag camps|Kolyma Gulag]]
|[[Kolyma]], [[Soviet Union]]
|1932
|1954
|<ref>Ludwik Kowalski: Alaska notes on Stalinism Retrieved 18 January 2007. Case Study: Stalin's Purges from Genderside Watch. Retrieved 19 January 2007. George Bien, Gulag Survivor in the Boston Globe, June 22, 2005, [[Kolyma]]</ref>
|-
||{{nts|250000}}+
||{{nts|250000}}+
||{{nts|250000}}+
||[[Amazon rubber boom|Amazonian Rubber Slavery]]
||[[Amazon Basin|Amazon]], [[Brazil]]
||1900
||1912
||<ref>http://necrometrics.com/20c100k.htm#Amaz</ref>
|-
||{{nts|102621}}
||{{nts|102621}}<ref name="mansell.com">MacPherson, Neil, "Death Railway Movements", http://www.mansell.com/pow_resources/camplists/death_rr/movements_1.html, accessed 6 January 2015</ref>
||{{nts|102621}}<ref name="mansell.com"/>
||Construction of [[Burma Railway]]
||[[Burma]]
||1943
||1947
||
[[Forced labour]] was used in the construction of the [[Burma Railway]]. More than 180,000—possibly many more—Southeast Asian civilian labourers ([[Romusha]]) and 60,000 [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] [[prisoners of war]] (POWs) worked on the railway. Of these, estimates of Romusha deaths are little more than guesses, but probably about 90,000 died. 12,621 Allied POWs died during the construction. The dead POWs included 6,904 [[British people|British]] personnel, 2,802 [[Australians]], 2,782 [[Dutch people|Dutch]], and 133 [[Americans]].<ref name="mansell.com"/>
|-
|{{nts|85000}}
|{{nts|85000}}
|{{nts|85000}}
|[[Stutthof]]
|[[Stutthof]], [[Third Reich]]
|1939
|1945
|[[Nazi Germany|Second World War]]
|-
||{{nts|67082}}
||{{nts|30000}}
||{{nts|120000}}
||[[Suez Canal|Construction of the Suez Canal]]
||[[Egypt]], and [[Sudan]]
||1859
||1868
||French diplomat [[Ferdinand de Lesseps]] had obtained many concessions from [[Isma'il Pasha]], the [[Khedive]] of Egypt and Sudan, in 1854–56, to build the Suez Canal. Some sources estimate the workforce at 30,000,<ref>[http://www.arte.tv/fr/connaissance-decouverte/aventure-humaine/Cette_20semaine/1291022.html L'Aventure Humaine: ''Le canal de Suez'', Article de l'historien Uwe Oster] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819201458/http://www.arte.tv/fr/connaissance-decouverte/aventure-humaine/Cette_20semaine/1291022.html |date=2011-08-19 }}.</ref> but others estimate that 120,000 workers died over the ten years of construction due to malnutrition, fatigue and disease, especially [[cholera]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5195068.stm BBC News website:The Suez Crisis – Key maps].</ref>
|-
||{{nts|35000}}
||{{nts|35000}}
||{{nts|35000}}
||Forced Labor of Allied [[POWs]]
||In and around the [[Pacific]]
||1939
||1945
||According to the Japanese military's own record, nearly 25% of 140,000 Allied [[POWs]] died while interned in Japanese prison camps where they were forced to work (U.S. POWs died at a rate of 27%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.japantoday.com/jp/book/115 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207230309/http://www.japantoday.com/jp/book/115 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=7 February 2008 |title=Japan Today: Japan News and Discussion |publisher= |accessdate=15 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bataan/peopleevents/e_atrocities.html|title=American Experience – Bataan Rescue – People & Events|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
|{{nts|32249}}
|{{nts|26000}}
|{{nts|40000}}
|[[Second Boer War#Concentration camps (1900–1902)|Concentration Camps during the Second Boer War]]
|[[South African Republic]]
|1900
|1902
|116,000 Boer women and children; 26,370 died.
115,000 black people 15,000 died [[Second Boer War]]
<ref name="46 black people died in the black concentration camps">{{cite web
|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/523-people-die-black-concentration-camps-second-anglo-boer-war
|title=15 000 black people died in the black concentration camps}}</ref>
81% of the total fatalities in the camps were children [[Emily Hobhouse]]
|-
|{{nts|30972}}
|{{nts|12790}}
|{{nts|75000}}
|[[Stara Gradiška concentration camp|Stara Gradiška]]
|Croatia
|1941
|1945
|Primarily for women and children<ref name="Smreka">{{cite web
|url=http://public.mzos.hr/fgs.axd?id=13416
|title=STARA GRADIŠKA Ustaški koncentracijski logor
|publisher=Spomen područja Jasenovac
|author=Jelka Smreka
|accessdate=2010-08-25}}</ref><ref name="kovacic">{{cite web
|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/75758
|title=Iskapanja na prostoru koncentracijskog logora Stara Gradiška i procjena broj žrtava
|author=Davor Kovačić
|year=2004
|accessdate=2010-08-25}}</ref>
|-

|{{nts|17000}}
|{{nts|17000}}
|{{nts|17000}}
|[[Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum|Tuol Sleng]]
|[[Phnom Penh]], Cambodia
|1975
|1979
|<ref name="dccam-history-of-dk">{{cite book | title=A History of Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1979)| publisher=Documentation Center of Cambodia | page=74 | url=http://www.dccam.org/ | isbn=99950-60-04-3}}</ref>
|-
|{{nts|13171}}
|{{nts|13171}}
|{{nts|13171}}
|[[Andersonville National Historic Site|Camp Sumter]]
|[[Andersonville, Georgia]], USA
|1864
|1865
|<ref>The Andersonville Prison Trial: The Trial of Captain Henry Wirz, by General N.P. Chipman, 1911.</ref>
|-
|{{nts|12000}}
|{{nts|12000}}
|{{nts|12000}}
|[[Crveni Krst concentration camp|Crveni Krst]]
|[[Niš]], Serbia
|1941
|1941
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mrc.org.rs/?mod=prikaz&jezik=srpski&sta=vesti&id_tekst=2378 |title=On the killing of Roma in World War II |publisher=Mrc.org.rs |date=2013-03-13 |accessdate=2013-08-23}}</ref>
|-
|{{nts|2963}}
|{{nts|2963}}
|{{nts|2963}}
|[[Tammisaari prison camp|Tammisaari Prison Camp]]
|[[Ekenäs, Finland|Tammisaari]], Finland
|1918
|1918
|-
|{{nts|2963}}
|{{nts|2963}}
|{{nts|2963}}
|[[Elmira Prison]]
|[[Elmira, New York]], USA
|1864
|1865
|<ref>{{cite book| last = Horigan| first = Michael| title = Death Camp of the North: The Elmira Civil War Prison Camp| year = 2002| publisher = [[Stackpole Books]]| location = Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania| isbn = 0-8117-1432-2| ref = harv }}<!--need page number for citation--></ref>
|-
||{{nts|2032}}
||{{nts|1032}}
||{{nts|4000}}{{sfn|Erichsen|2005|p=133}}
||[[Shark Island Concentration Camp]]
||[[Luderitz]], [[German South-West Africa]]
||1905
||1907
||Minimum death toll is out of a camp population of 1,795 people and maximum is out of those in the Maximum includes those who died in the [[Luderitz]] area.
|-
||{{nts|1342}}
||{{nts|1200}}
||{{nts|1800}}
||[[Human rights in Qatar#FIFA World Cup preparations and reported abuses|World Cup Migrant Labor Deaths]]
||[[Qatar]]
||2013
||ongoing
||<ref>{{cite news|last1=Stephenson|first1=Wesley|title=Have 1,200 World Cup workers really died in Qatar?|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-33019838|agency=BBC News}}</ref><br />Out of 100,000 laborers.
|-
|}

==War Crimes and Ancient War Atrocities==
[[File:Nanking bodies 1937.jpg|300px|thumb|The corpses of [[Nanking Massacre]] victims on the shore of the Qinhuai River with a Japanese soldier standing nearby]]
''Massacre and unnatural death committed or caused by military, communal, terrorist, insurgent forces, or political entity that may or may not particularly target ethnic, religious, or political group but usually are part of either a morally bankrupt military strategy or is just an arbitrary act of sadism. Also try to only include events in which the majority of victims were civilians or is often referred to as an atrocity by significant mainstream scholarship.''

{| style="width:100%;" class="sortable wikitable"
|- style="background:#CCCC;"
!data-sort-type="number" | Geom. mean estimate<ref name="Pinto 2014 173–180"/>
!data-sort-type="number" | Lowest estimate!! style="width:7%;" data-sort-type="number" | Highest estimate !! style="width:7%;" | Event !! style="width:5%;" | Location !! style="width:5%;" | From !! width="5%" data-sort-type="number" | To !! width="50%" data-sort-type="number" | Notes
|-

||{{nts|29074054}}
||{{nts|29000000}}
||{{nts|30500000}}
||All atrocities against civilians during [[World War II]]
([[Holocaust]], [[Japanese War Crimes]], Soviet Oppression such as [[Gulag]]s and [[Population transfer|Population transfer in the Soviet Union]], and [[Terror bombing]])
||Worldwide
||1939
||1945
||See [[World War II casualties]]
|-
||{{nts|6480741}}
||{{nts|3000000}}<ref name="Rummell, Statistics">{{cite web|url=http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP3.HTM |title=Rummell, ''Statistics'' |publisher=Hawaii.edu |accessdate=2013-07-21}}</ref>
||{{nts|14000000}}<ref name="educationforum.ipbhost.com">{{cite news|url=http://educationforum.ipbhost.com/index.php?showtopic=9196|title=Sterling and Peggy Seagrave: Gold Warriors}}</ref>
||[[Japanese War Crimes|Asian Holocaust (By Japan)]]
||In and around East and South East [[Asia]], [[Oceania]] and the Pacific
||1895
||1945
||Japanese [[war crimes]] occurred in many Asian and Pacific countries during the period of [[Japanese militarism|Japanese imperialism]], primarily during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] and [[World War II]]. These incidents have also been described as an Asian Holocaust<ref name="nyt-1999">{{cite news| first=Ralph |last=Blumenthal |title=The World: Revisiting World War II Atrocities; Comparing the Unspeakable to the Unthinkable |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B05E6DB153FF934A35750C0A96F958260&sec=&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 7, 1999 |accessdate=2008-07-26 }}</ref> and Japanese war atrocities.<ref name="bbc-1997">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/in_depth/39166.stm |title=World &#124; Scarred by history: The Rape of Nanking |publisher=BBC News |date=1997-12-13 |accessdate=2013-07-21}}</ref><ref name="nyt-1992">{{cite news| first=David |last=Sanger |title= Japanese Edgy Over Emperor's Visit to China  |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE1D81439F931A15753C1A964958260 |date=October 22, 1992 |accessdate=2008-07-26 | work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="archives.gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.gov/iwg/japanese-war-crimes/introductory-essays.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-07-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190336/http://www.archives.gov/iwg/japanese-war-crimes/introductory-essays.pdf |archivedate=2016-03-03 |df= }}</ref> Some war crimes were committed by [[military personnel]] from the [[Empire of Japan]] in the late 19th century, although most took place during the first part of the ''[[Shōwa period|Shōwa Era]]'', the name given to the reign of Emperor [[Hirohito]], until the [[Surrender of Japan|surrender]] of the Empire of Japan, in 1945.
|-
||{{nts|2700000}}
||{{nts|2700000}}
||{{nts|2700000}}
||[[Three Alls Policy]]
||[[China]] during [[World War II]]
||1940
||1942
||In a study published in 1996, historian Mitsuyoshi Himeta claims that the Three Alls Policy(A scorched earth policy implemented by the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] on China.), sanctioned by [[Emperor Hirohito]] himself, was both directly and indirectly responsible for the deaths of "more than 2.7 million" Chinese civilians.
|-
||{{nts|2509980}}
||{{nts|1800000}}
||{{nts|3500000}}<ref>Valentino, Benjamin A. Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the Twentieth Century. Cornell University Press. December 8, 2005. p88</ref>
||[[Chinese Civil War]] Atrocities against civilians from forced conscription and massacres
||[[China]]
||1927–1936
||1946–1950
||During the war both the Nationalists and Communists carried out mass atrocities, with millions of non-combatants deliberately killed by both sides.<ref>Rummel, Rudolph (1994), Death by Government.</ref>
|-
||{{nts|2000000}}
||{{nts|2000000}}
||{{nts|2000000}}
||[[First Sudanese Civil War|First]] and [[Second Sudanese Civil War|Second Sudanese War]] Atrocities against Civilians
||[[Sudan]]
||1956–1972
||1983–2005
||<ref>http://www.gpanet.org/content/genocides-politicides-and-other-mass-murder-1945-stages-2008</ref>
|-
||{{nts|1303840}}
||{{nts|850000}}
||{{nts|2000000}}
||[[Soviet-Afghan War#Destruction in Afghanistan|Afghan Politicide]]
||[[Afghanistan]]
||1979
||1989
||Some refer to the mass murder of civilians during the Soviet Invasion as a [[genocide]], however those killed were on the basis of political alignment making it a [[politicide]].<br />Death Toll Sources:
<ref name="Khalidi">Noor Ahmad Khalidi, [http://www.nonel.pu.ru/erdferkel/khalidi.pdf "Afghanistan: Demographic Consequences of War: 1978–87,"] ''Central Asian Survey'', vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 101–126, 1991.</ref><ref name="Sliwinski">Marek Sliwinski, "Afghanistan: The Decimation of a People," ''Orbis'' (Winter, 1989), p.39.</ref>
|-
||{{nts|1000000}}
||{{nts|1000000}}
||{{nts|1000000}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Dillon|first=Michael|title=China: A Cultural and Historical Dictionary|publisher=Routledge|year=1998 |isbn=978-0700704392 |page=379 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VA5tKw11K8YC&pg=PA379&lpg=PA379&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false }} from J.B. Parsons, The Peasant Rebellions of the Late Ming Dynasty (University of Arizona Press). 1970</ref>
||[[Zhang Xianzhong|Yellow Tiger Massacre]]
||[[Sichuan]], [[China]]
||1644
||1646
||Bloody peasant revolt that massacred a large portion of [[Sichuan]]'s population.
|-
||{{nts|910000}}
||{{nts|910000}}
||{{nts|910000}}
||[[Warlord Era|Warlord Era China]]
||[[China]]
||1900
||1927
||<ref>{{cite web|last1=R.J. Rummel|title=CHINA'S BLOODY CENTURY|url=https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/CHINA.CHAP1.HTM}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|632456}}
||{{nts|200000}}<ref>Andre Wink, ''Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World'', Vol.2, (Brill, 2002), 13. {{Subscription required |via=[[Questia]]}}</ref>
||{{nts|2000000}}<ref>''The different aspects of Islamic culture: Science and technology in Islam'', Vol.4, Ed. A. Y. Al-Hassan, (Dergham sarl, 2001), 655.</ref>
||[[Siege of Baghdad (1258)|Mongol Destruction of Baghdad]]
||[[Baghdad]]
||January 29, 1258
||February 10, 1258
||Mass slaughter of civilians by the [[Mongols]] in [[Baghdad]]. Considered to be the end of the "[[Islamic Golden Age]]."
|-
||{{nts|500000}}
||{{nts|500000}}
||{{nts|500000}}
||[[Angolan Civil War]] Atrocities against civilians
||[[Angola]]
||1975
||2002
||The 27-year war can be divided roughly into three periods of major fighting – from 1975 to 1991, 1992 to 1994, and from 1998 to 2002 – broken up by fragile periods of peace. By the time the MPLA achieved victory in 2002, more than 500,000 people had died and over one million had been [[internally displaced]]. The war devastated Angola's infrastructure, and severely damaged the nation's public administration, economic enterprises, and religious institutions.
|-
|| {{nts|481664}}
|| {{nts|400000}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Doctors of Depravity |publisher=Daily Mail |author=Christopher Hudson |date=2 March 2007}}</ref>
|| {{nts|580000}}<ref>http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=439776&in_page_id=1770</ref>
|| Biological Warfare and Human Experimentation by the [[Imperial Japanese Army]]
|| Parts of [[Russia]] and [[China]] especially [[Manchuria]] || 1931
|| 1945
|| See [[Unit 731]] and the [[Japanese war crimes#Human experimentation and biological warfare|Asian Holocaust]]
|-
||{{nts|244949}}
||{{nts|200000}}<ref name="Bailey, 1967">{{cite journal |last=Bailey |first=Norman A. |author-link=Norman Bailey (government official) |year=1967 |title=La Violencia in Colombia |jstor=164860 |journal=Journal of Inter-American Studies |publisher=Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Miami |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=561–75 |doi=10.2307/164860}}</ref>
||{{nts|300000}}<ref name="Bailey, 1967"/>
||[[La Violencia]]
||[[Colombia]]
||1948
||1958
||
[[La Violencia]] ({{IPA-es|la βjoˈlensja}}, The Violence) was a ten-year period of [[civil war]] and violence in [[Colombia]] from 1948 to 1958, between the [[Colombian Conservative Party]] and the [[Colombian Liberal Party]], fought mainly in the rural countryside. <br />Death toll may include non-civilian victims
|-
||{{nts|223607}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|250000}}
||[[Philippine-American War]] atrocities against civilians
||[[Philippines]]
||1899
||1902 (1913 [[Moro Rebellion]])
||<ref name=reCasualties>{{citation |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1683&dat=20040208&id=gbIaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GEUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5222,6070988 |author=Guillermo, Emil |title=A first taste of empire |journal=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel |date=February 8, 2004 |pages=03J}}</ref><ref name="Smallman-Raynor">{{Harvnb|Smallman-Raynor|1998}}</ref><ref name=burdeos2008p14casualties>{{Harvnb|Burdeos|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tN__4jLTnd8C&pg=PA14&dq=250,000+1,000,000 14]}}</ref>{{refn|group=lower-roman|While there are many estimates for civilian deaths, with some even going well over a million for the war, modern historians generally place the death toll between 200,000 and 250,000; see "Casualties".}}
|-
|| {{nts|223607}} || {{nts|100,000}} || {{nts|500,000}} || [[Manila Massacre]] || [[Manila]], [[Philippines]] || {{nts|1945|format=no}} || {{nts|1945|format=no}} ||<ref>{{cite web | last =White | first =Matthew | title = Death Tolls for the Man-made Megadeaths of the 20th Century | url=http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/battles.htm#Manila | accessdate = 2007-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Khalifa|first1=Hodieb|title=Nein|url=https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=jKsbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA288&dq=Manila+Massacre#v=onepage&q=Manila%20Massacre&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Dauria|first1=Tom|title=Within a Presumption of Godlessness|url=https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=G5WHAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=Manila+Massacre&hl=en&sa=X&ei=00-UVNawC5WJuATKoYLYCQ&ved=0CCEQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=Manila%20Massacre&f=false}}</ref><ref>http://battleofmanila.org/Huber/htm/huber_06.htm</ref>
|-
||{{nts|205670}}
||{{nts|150000}}
||{{nts|282000}}
||[[Iran-Iraq War]] Atrocities against civilians.
||[[Iran]] and [[Iraq]]
||1980
||1988
||100,000<ref name="hawaii.edu-D">{{cite web|url=http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB15.1D.GIF|title=Lesser Murdering States, Quasi-States, and Groups: Estimates, Sources, and Calculations|work=Power Kills|publisher=University of Hawai'i|author=Rumel, Rudolph}}</ref> civilians killed on both sides plus 50 to 182 killed in [[Kurdish Genocide]].
|-
||{{nts|177307}}
||{{nts|177307}}
||{{nts|177307}}
||[[Colombian conflict]] atrocities against civilians
||[[Colombia]]
||1964
||ongoing
||<ref>{{cite web|title=Estadísticas del conflicto armado en Colombia|url=http://www.centrodememoriahistorica.gov.co/micrositios/informeGeneral/estadisticas.html}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|170,461}}
||{{nts|155,923}}
||{{nts|186,355}}
||[[Iraq War]] Atrocities against civilians
||[[Iraq]]
||2003
||2011
||Numbers come from [[Iraq Body Count Project]]<ref name=ibcdatabase>{{cite web|url=http://www.iraqbodycount.org/database/ |title=Iraq Body Count database |publisher=Iraqbodycount.org |date=July 24, 2012 |accessdate=2012-09-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iraqbodycount.org/database/recent/21/ |title=''(IBC Recent Events)'' |publisher=Iraqbodycount.org |accessdate=2012-09-02}}</ref>
|-
|| {{nts|158114}} || {{nts|100000}}<ref>Donald Greer, ''The Terror, a Statistical Interpretation'', [[Cambridge (Massachusetts)|Cambridge]] (1935)</ref><ref name="Sechervendee">Reynald Secher, ''La Vendée-Vengé, le Génocide franco-français'' (1986)</ref> || {{nts|250000}}<ref>Jean-Clément Martin, ''La Vendée et la France'', Éditions du Seuil, collection Points, 1987 ''he gives the highest estimate of the civil war, including republican losses and premature death. However, he does not consider it as a genocide.''</ref><ref>Jacques Hussenet (dir.), ''" Détruisez la Vendée ! " Regards croisés sur les victimes et destructions de la guerre de Vendée'', La Roche-sur-Yon, Centre vendéen de recherches historiques, 2007, p.148.</ref> || [[War in the Vendée]] || [[France]] during the [[French Revolution]] || {{nts|1793|format=no}} || {{nts|1796|format=no}} || Described as genocide by some historians<ref name="Sechervendee" /> but this claim has been widely discounted.<ref name="Gough">{{cite journal|last=Gough|first=Hugh|title=Genocide and the Bicentenary: The French Revolution and the Revenge of the Vendee|journal=The Historical Journal|date=December 1987|volume=30|issue=4|jstor=2639130}}</ref> See also [[French Revolution]].
|-
||{{nts|131863}}
||{{nts|36725}}<ref name="Lewy">{{citebook|authorlink=Guenter Lewy|last=Lewy|first=Guenter|title=[[America in Vietnam]]|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=1980|isbn=9780199874231|p=272}}</ref>
||{{nts|227000}}<ref name="Statistics of Vietnamese Democide"/>
||[[Viet Cong]] Atrocities
||[[Vietnam]]
||1955
||1975
|-
||{{nts|164433}}
||{{nts|125000}}<ref>Dale Hurd on CBN http://www1.cbn.com/hurdontheweb-17</ref>
||{{nts|203865}}+<ref>http://public.tableau.com/static/images/Is/IslamicViolence_0/Overview/1_rss.png</ref>
||[[List of Islamist terrorist attacks|Islamist Terrorism since 9/11]]
||worldwide
||2001
||ongoing
||Death toll depends on how Terrorist attack is defined.
|-
||{{nts|136931}}
||{{nts|75000}}
||{{nts|250000}}
||[[First Chechen War|First]] and [[Second Chechen War|Second]] Chechen Wars Atrocities against civilians
||[[Chechnya]]
||1994–1996
||1999–2009
||<ref>''[https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR46/015/2007/en/ef0ec058-d392-11dd-a329-2f46302a8cc6/eur460152007en.html What justice for Chechnya's disappeared?] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218042528/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR46/015/2007/en/ef0ec058-d392-11dd-a329-2f46302a8cc6/eur460152007en.html |date=18 February 2015 }}.'' AI Index: EUR 46/015/2007, 23 May 2007</ref><ref name=chechenlosses>{{cite web|last1=Cherkasov|first1=Alexander|title=Book of Numbers, Book of Losses, Book of the Final Judgment|url=http://www.polit.ru/article/2004/02/19/kniga_chisel/|website=Polit.ru|accessdate=2 January 2016}}</ref><ref>[https://groups.yahoo.com/group/chechnya-sl/message/45015 Official: Chechen wars killed 300,000]</ref><ref>[http://www.lifestyleextra.com/ShowStory.asp?story=QO2631422I&news_headline=chechen_leader_says_spy_died_a_hero Chechen leader says spy 'died a hero'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225225427/http://www.lifestyleextra.com/ShowStory.asp?story=QO2631422I&news_headline=chechen_leader_says_spy_died_a_hero |date=2008-02-25 }}, [[Life Style Extra]], 27th November 2006</ref>
<ref>[https://archive.is/20041120124031/http://www.mosnews.com/news/2004/11/19/civiliandeath.shtml Over 200,000 Killed in Chechnya Since 1994 – Pro-Moscow Official]</ref><ref name="hrvc">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070821154629/http://www.hrvc.net/htmls/references.htm Civil and military casualties of the wars in Chechnya] [[Russian-Chechen Friendship Society]], 2003</ref>
|-
||{{nts|127232}}
||{{nts|57000}}
||{{nts|284000}}
||Atrocities caused by [[South Vietnam]] during Diem era and [[Vietnam War]]
||[[Vietnam]]
||1954
||1975
||<ref name="Rummel, Rudolph 1997">Rummel, Rudolph, Statistics of Vietnamese Democide, in his Statistics of Democide, 1997.</ref>
|-
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||Crimes of the [[Lord's Resistance Army]]
||[[Uganda]], [[Central African Republic]], and the [[Democratic Republic of Congo]]
||1986
||2009
||Looking back at the LRA's (a rebel group and [[heterodox]] [[Christian]] [[cult]] which operates in northern [[Uganda]], the [[Central African Republic]] and the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]) campaign of violence, The Guardian stated in 2015 that Kony's forces had been responsible for the deaths of over 100,000 people and the kidnapping of at least 60,000 children. Various atrocities committed include raping young girls and abducting them for use as sex slaves.
|-
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||Crimes of the [[National Islamic Front]]
||[[Sudan]]
||1964
||1999
||Alleged human rights abuses by the NIF regime included war crimes, ethnic cleansing, a revival of slavery, torture of opponents, and an unprecedented number of refugees fleeing into Uganda, Kenya, Eritrea, Egypt, Europe and North America.<ref name=jstor>{{cite journal|last1=Fluehr-Lobban|first1=Carolyn|last2=Lobban|first2=Richard|title=THE SUDAN SINCE 1989: NATIONAL ISLAMIC FRONT RULE|journal=Arab Studies Quarterly|date=Spring 2001|volume=23|issue=2|pages=1–9|jstor=41858370}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|100000}}+
||{{nts|100000}}+<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sydney.edu.au/news/84.html?newsstoryid=651 |first=Virginia |last=Gawler |title=Report claims secret genocide in Indonesia |publisher=University of Sydney |date=19 August 2005 |accessdate=27 March 2016 }}<br />"WestPapuaFinal">{{cite web|format=PDF |first1=Elizabeth |last1=Brundige |first2=Winter |last2=King |first3=Priyneha |last3=Vahali |first4=Stephen |last4=Vladeck |first5=Xiang |last5=Yuan |url=http://www.law.yale.edu/documents/pdf/Intellectual_Life/West_Papua_final_report.pdf |title=Indonesian Human Rights Abuses in West Papua: Application of the Law of Genocide to the History of Indonesian Control |publisher=Yale Law School |date=April 2004 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227145157/http://www.law.yale.edu/documents/pdf/Intellectual_Life/West_Papua_final_report.pdf |archivedate=27 February 2009 |df= }}</ref>
||{{nts|100000}}+<ref>{{cite book|format=PDF|first1=John|last1=Wing|first2=Peter|last2=King|url=http://wpik.org/Src/WestPapuaGenocideRpt.05.pdf|title=Genocide in West Papua?: The role of the Indonesian state apparatus and a current needs assessment of the Papuan people|publisher=West Papua Project|location=Sydney|isbn=0-9752391-7-1|date=August 2005|accessdate=27 March 2016}}</ref>
||[[Papua conflict|West Papua Atrocities]]
||[[West Papua (region)|West Papua]]
||1963
||Ongoing
||Since [[Indonesia]] has taken control of [[West Papua (region)|West Papua]] in 1963 they've been accused the population of West Papua has had over 100,000 unnatural deaths. The administration of West Papua has been called a [[police state]].
|-
||{{nts|87899}}
||{{nts|81426}}
||{{ntsh|94886}}[[Casualties of the Syrian Civil War#Death tolls by time periods|94,886+]]
||Ongoing [[Syrian Civil War]] Atrocities against civilians
||[[Syria]]
||2011
||ongoing
||See [[List of massacres during the Syrian Civil War]]
|-
|{{nts|68556}}+
|{{nts|47,000}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-36624520081121|title=India revises Kashmir death toll to 47,000|last=Editorial|first=Reuters|language=en-IN|access-date=2016-08-28}}</ref>
|{{nts|100,000}}+<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/INDIA937.PDF|title=The Human Rights Crisis in Kashmir|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Human Rights Watch|access-date=}}</ref>
|[[Kashmir conflict|Kashmir Conflict]]
|[[Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir, India]]
|1947
|ongoing
|See [[Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir|Human Rights Abuses in Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]], [[List of massacres in Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />Death toll may include non-civilian victims
|-
|| {{nts|72111}}<br />(All Victims)<br />
----<br />{{nts|22361}}<br />(Civilian massacre victims)
|| {{nts|13000}}<ref name="Yoshiaki Itakura 1999">Yoshiaki Itakura, ''本当はこうだった南京事件'' (Tokyo: Nihon Tosho Kankokai, 1999), 11.</ref><br />(All Victims)<br />
----<br />{{nts|5000}}<ref name="Yoshiaki Itakura 1999"/><br />(Civilian massacre victims)
|| {{nts|400000}}<ref name="People's Daily">{{cite web|url=http://en.people.cn/200007/26/eng20000726_46497.html|title=400,000 People Killed in Nanjing Massacre: Expert|publisher=''People's Daily''|date=July 26, 2000}}</ref><br />(All Victims)<br />
----<br />{{nts|100000}}<ref name="Nanking 2000">[[Masaaki Tanaka]], ''What Really Happened In Nanking: The Refutation of a Common Myth'' (Tokyo: Sekai Shuppan, 2000), 64.</ref><br />(Civilian massacre victims)
|| [[Nanking Massacre|The Rape of Nan(j/k)ing]]
|| [[Nanking]], [[China]]
|| {{nts|1937|format=no}}
|| {{nts|1938|format=no}}
|| The [[Nanking Massacre]], commonly known as the Rape of Nanking, was a war crime committed by the Japanese military in Nanjing, then capital of the Republic of China, after it fell to the Imperial Japanese Army on 13 December 1937.<br />''[[Death toll of the Nanking Massacre|See Death toll of the Nanking Massacre]]''
|-<br /><br />{{nts|5000}}<ref name="Yoshiaki Itakura 1999"/><br />(Civilians massacre victims)
|| {{nts|400000}}<ref name="People's Daily"/><br />(All Victims)<br />----------------<br /><br />{{nts|100000}}<ref name="Nanking 2000"/><br />(Civilians massacre victims)
|| [[Nanking Massacre|The Rapes of Nanjing]]
|| [[Nanking]], [[China]]
|| {{nts|1937|format=no}}
|| {{nts|1938|format=no}}
||[[Death toll of the Nanking Massacre|See Death toll of the Nanking Massacre]]<br /><br />
The [[Nanking Massacre]], commonly known as the Rape of Nanking, was a war crime committed by the Japanese military in Nanjing, then capital of the Republic of China, after it fell to the Imperial Japanese Army on 13 December 1937.
|-
|| {{nts|68784}} || {{nts|61007}}<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Comisión de la Verdad y la Reconciliación |title=Informe final. Anexo 2: ¿CUÁNTOS PERUANOS MURIERON? (2003) |url=http://www.cverdad.org.pe/ifinal/pdf/Tomo%20-%20ANEXOS/ANEXO%202.pdf}}</ref> || {{nts|77552}} || [[Internal conflict in Peru]] || [[Peru]] || {{nts|1980|format=no}} || {{nts|2000|format=no}} || Internal conflict between the Peruvian Army and guerrilla fighters in Peru. The principal actors in the war were the [[Communist Party of Peru]] or "Shining Path" and the government of Peru; the [[Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement]] was also involved. All of the armed actors in the war (both terrorists and the Peruvian Army) deliberately targeted and killed civilians, making the conflict more bloody than any other war in Peruvian history since the European colonization of the country.<br />Death toll may include non-civilian victims
|-
||{{ntsh|41618}}24,495 to 70,711
||{{ntsh|17321}}15,000 to 20,000<ref name="The Militant Kurds page 86"/>
||{{ntsh|100000}}40,000 to 250,000<ref name="page 104"/>
||[[Sheikh Said rebellion]]
||[[Turkey]]
||1925
||1925
||[[Sheikh Said Rebellion]] ([[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]:''Serhildana Şêx Seîdê Pîran'', [[Turkish language|Turkish]]: [[Şeyh Said İsyanı]], was a rebellion to revive the Islamic Caliphate System and used elements of Kurdish nationalism to recruit.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=Cw5V1c1ej_cC&pg=PA147&lpg=PA147&dq=1926+Sheikh+Sa'id&source=bl&ots=7etdswUbFc&sig=if_CifnndZX4JQ6OW209MF-WR7U&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BOuQUbvsDsW0iQey9IDQDw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=1926%20Sheikh%20Sa'id&f=false</ref> It was led by [[Sheikh Said]] and a group of former Ottoman soldiers also known as [[Hamidiye (cavalry)|Hamidiye soldiers]]. The rebellion was particularly of two Kurdish groups, the [[Zaza people]] and the speakers of the related [[Kurmanji dialect]] of Kurdish: it "was led specifically by the Zaza population and received almost full support in the entire Zaza region and some of the neighbouring Kurmanji-dominated regions".<ref>Mehmed S. Kaya (2011), [https://books.google.com/books?id=0bGpbVFzubsC&pg=PA64&lpg=PA64 The Zaza Kurds of Turkey: A Middle Eastern Minority in a Globalised Society], I.B.Tauris, 15 Jun 2011. p. 64</ref>
|-
||{{nts|26,270 }}
||{{nts|26,270 }}
||{{nts|26,270 }}
||[[War in Afghanistan (2001–14)|Amero-Afghan War]] Atocities against civilians
||[[Afghanistan]]
||2001
||2014
||<ref name="watsonbrown">[http://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2015/War%20Related%20Casualties%20Afghanistan%20and%20Pakistan%202001-2014%20FIN.pdf War-related Death, Injury, and Displacement in Afghanistan and Pakistan 2001–2014]</ref>
|-
||{{nts|18800}}
||{{nts|18800}}
||{{nts|18800}}+
||[[Human rights in ISIL-controlled territory|Crimes of ISIL]]
||[[Iraq]], [[Syria]], sporadic terrorism worldwide
||2011
||ongoing
||Death toll from [[ISIL]] listed is only over the course of 2 years and occurred only in [[Iraq]] so death toll is certainly higher.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jamieson|first1=Alastair|title=ISIS Death Toll: 18,800 Killed in Iraq in 2 Years, U.N. Says|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/isis-death-toll-18-800-killed-iraq-2-years-u-n499426|agency=NBC News}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|16733}}
||{{nts|7000}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Sri Lanka's Choice, and the World's Responsibility|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/13/opinion/13iht-edpatten.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=12 January 2010|accessdate=8 June 2011|first=Chris|last=Patten}}</ref>
||{{nts|40000}}<ref>Australian Broadcasting Commission 4 Corners http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2011/s3260535.htm accessed 4 July 2011</ref>
||War Crimes during the [[Sri Lankan Civil War]]
||[[Sri Lanka]]
||2009
||2009
||There are allegations that [[war crime]]s were committed by the [[Sri Lanka Armed Forces|Sri Lankan military]] and the rebel [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (Tamil Tigers) during the [[Sri Lankan Civil War]], particularly during the final months of the [[Eelam War IV]] phase in 2009. The alleged war crimes include attacks on civilians and civilian buildings by both sides; executions of combatants and prisoners by both sides; enforced disappearances by the Sri Lankan military and paramilitary groups backed by them; acute shortages of food, medicine, and clean water for civilians trapped in the war zone; and child recruitment by the Tamil Tigers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/10/22/sri-lanka-us-war-crimes-report-details-extensive-abuses|title=Sri Lanka: US War Crimes Report Details Extensive Abuses|date=22 October 2009|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|accessdate=17 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesundayleader.lk/2010/12/08/govt-ltte-executed-soldiers/|title=Govt.: LTTE Executed Soldiers|date=8 December 2010|publisher=[[The Sunday Leader]]|accessdate=17 January 2010}}</ref>
See [[Alleged war crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War]]
|-
|| {{nts|15000}} || {{nts|15000}} || {{nts|15000}}<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of the Byzantine State and Society |author=Warren T. Treadgold |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |year=1997 |isbn=0-8047-2630-2 |pages=572 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=A+History+of+the+Byzantine+State+and+Society}}</ref> || [[Sack of Thessalonica (904)|First Sack of Thessalonica]] || [[Byzantine Empire]] || {{nts|904}} || {{nts|904}}|| The sack of the second city of the Byzantine Empire by a Muslim fleet under the command of [[Leo of Tripoli]]. In addition to the thousands killed the [[Saracen]] fleet also took 20,000 Greek slaves.
|-
||{{nts|10392}}
||{{nts|6000}}
||{{nts|18000}}
||[[Military use of children#Iran|Child Soldierhood of Iran]]
||[[Iran]]
||1980
||1988
||3% of 2 to 6 hundred thousand casualties.<ref name="hiro205">{{cite book|last=Hiro|first=Dilip|authorlink=Dilip Hiro|title=The Longest War: The Iran-Iraq Military Conflict|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|year=1991|page=205|isbn=9780415904063|oclc=22347651}}</ref><ref name="Rajaee1997">{{cite book|last=Rajaee|first=Farhang|title=Iranian Perspectives on the Iran-Iraq War|publisher=University Press of Florida|location=Gainesville|year=1997|page=2|isbn=9780813014760|oclc=492125659}}</ref><ref name="Mikaberidze2011">{{cite book|last=Mikaberidze|first=Alexander|title=Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, California|year=2011|page=418|isbn=9781598843361|oclc=775759780}}</ref><ref>Hammond Atlas of the 20th Century (1999) P. 134-5</ref><ref name="Dunnigan 1991">Dunnigan, A Quick and Dirty Guide to War (1991)</ref><ref name="Twentieth Century World History 1997">Dictionary of Twentieth Century World History, by Jan Palmowski (Oxford, 1997)</ref><ref name="ReferenceD">Clodfelter, Michael, Warfare and Armed Conflict: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1618–1991</ref><ref name="Chirot, Daniel 1994">Chirot, Daniel: Modern Tyrants : the power and prevalence of evil in our age (1994)</ref><ref>"B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson, International Conflict : A Chronological Encyclopedia of Conflicts and Their Management 1945–1995 (1997) p. 195</ref><ref>http://kurzman.unc.edu/death-tolls-of-the-iran-iraq-war/</ref>
|-
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|10000}}
||[[List of massacres during the Algerian Civil War|Algerian Civil War Massacres]]
||[[Algeria]]
||1991
||2002
||<ref name="Bedjaoui">"An Anatomy of the Massacres", Ait-Larbi, Ait-Belkacem, Belaid, Nait-Redjam, and Soltani, in An Inquiry into the Algerian Massacres, ed. Bedjaoui, Aroua, and Ait-Larbi, Hoggar: Geneva 1999.</ref><ref>[http://stathis.research.yale.edu/files/Wanton.pdf "Wanton and Senseless? The Logic of Massacres in Algeria"], Stathis N. Kalyvas, ''Rationality and Society'', Vol. 11, No. 3, 243–285 (1999)</ref>
|-
||{{nts|7628}}
||{{nts|7628}}
||{{nts|7628}}+
||[[Balochistan conflict]] atrocities against civilians
||[[Balochistan]], [[Pakistan]]
||1937–1977,<br />2004–2009
||ongoing
||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat6.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ray|first1=Fulcher|title=Balochistan: Pakistan's internal war History of an insurgency|url=http://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article4120}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Balochistan Assessment – 2016|url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/Balochistan/index.html}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|5477}}
||{{nts|5000}}
||{{nts|6000}}
||Civilians killed by US Soldiers in [[Vietnam War]]
||[[Vietnam]]
||1955
||1975
||<ref name="Rummel, Rudolph 1997"/>
<ref>Kevin Buckley "Pacification's Deadly Price", (Newsweek, June 19, 1972, pp. 42–43)</ref>
|-
||{{nts|5013}}
||{{nts|5013}}
||{{nts|5013}}+
||[[Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War|Civilians killed in Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War]]
||[[Syria]]
||September 2015
||ongoing
|See [[Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War]]
<ref>"About 5013 civilian Syrian casualties including more than 1900 children and women in 18 months of Russian airstrikes and massacres". SOHR. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=63767
</ref>
|-
||{{nts|2977}}
||{{nts|2977}}
||{{nts|2977}}
||[[September 11 attacks|9/11 Terrorist Attacks]]
||[[United States]]
||9/11/2001
||9/11/2001
||<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/27/us/september-11-anniversary-fast-facts/|title=September 11th Fast Facts |date=March 27, 2015 |publisher=CNN|accessdate=May 14, 2015}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|2000}}
||{{nts|2000}}
||{{nts|2000}}
||Civilians killed in [[War in Donbass]]
||[[Donbass]], [[Ukraine]]
||2014
||ongoing
||<ref>Humanitarian Bulletin Ukraine Issue 11" (PDF). OHCHR. 9 July 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2016</ref>
|-
||{{nts|1269}}
||{{nts|460}}<ref>http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Sabra_&_Shatila.html</ref>
||{{nts|3500}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=Remembering Sabra & Shatila: The death of their world|work=Ahram online| url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/53050/World/Region/Remembering-Sabra--Shatila-The-death-of-their-worl.aspx|date=16 September 2012|accessdate=13 November 2012}}</ref>
||[[Sabra and Shatila massacre]]
||West [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]
||September 16, 1982
||September 18, 1982
||Massacre of a Palestinian refugee camp by Lebanese Christians.
|-
||{{nts|365}}+
||{{nts|138}}<ref>Roggio, Bill, and Alexander Mayer, "[http://www.longwarjournal.org/pakistan-strikes Charting the data for US airstrikes in Pakistan, 2004–2016]", ''[[Long War Journal]]'', 5 July 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011.{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/pakistan-strikes.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-03-15 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218080812/http://www.longwarjournal.org/pakistan-strikes.php |archivedate=2015-02-18 |df= }}</ref>
||{{nts|965}}<ref>Bureau of Investigative Journalism</ref> +/- hundreds more<ref>{{cite news|last=Carter|first=Jimmy|title=A Cruel and Unusual Record|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/25/opinion/americas-shameful-human-rights-record.html?_r=1|newspaper=New York Times|date=24 June 2012}}</ref>
||[[Civilian casualties from US drone strikes]]
||[[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]], [[Yemen]]
||2006
||ongoing
||
|-
|}

==List of dictatorships by death toll==
''And regime/empires, etc.''
[[File:Idi Amin -Archives New Zealand AAWV 23583, KIRK1, 5(B), R23930288.jpg|300px|thumb|Infamous African dictator [[Idi Amin]]]]
{| style="width:100%;" class="sortable wikitable"
|- style="background:#CCCC;"
!data-sort-type="number" | Geom. mean estimate<ref name="Pinto 2014 173–180"/>
!data-sort-type="number" | Lowest estimate!! style="width:7%;" data-sort-type="number" | Highest estimate !! style="width:7%;" | Event !! style="width:5%;" | Location !! style="width:5%;" | From !! width="5%" data-sort-type="number" | To !! width="50%" data-sort-type="number" | Notes
|-
||{{nts|34406976}}
||{{nts|16912000}}
||{{nts|70000000}}<ref name="Fenby, J 2008 p. 351">Fenby, J (2008). Modern China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power, 1850 to the Present. Ecco Press. p. 351. {{ISBN|0-06-166116-3}}. "Mao's responsibility for the extinction of anywhere from 40 to 70 million lives brands him as a mass killer greater than Hitler or Stalin, his indifference to the suffering and the loss of humans breathtaking"</ref>
||[[History of the People's Republic of China (1949–76)|Mao Zedong Catastrophes]]
||[[People's Republic of China]]
||1946
||1976
||Critics of [[Mao Zedong]] have argued [[Mao Zedong|Mao's]] China saw unprecedented losses of human life through inhuman economic policies such as the [[Great Leap Forward]], [[Laogai|slave labor through the Laogai]], violent political purges such as the [[Cultural Revolution]] the [[Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries]], [[Land reforms by country#China|and class extermination through land reform.]] Minimum death toll is the minimum estimate of famine dead (15 million)<ref name="blackbook">{{cite book| author = Stéphane Courtois| author2 = Mark Kramer| title = Livre Noir Du Communisme: Crimes, Terreur, Répression| date = 1999-10-15| isbn = 978-0-674-07608-2 }}</ref> plus minimum estimate of land reform dead (0.8 million)<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gruson|first1=Sidney|title=Mao Text Shows Reds 'Liquidated' 800,000 Since '49|url=https://partners.nytimes.com/library/world/asia/061357liquidated.html|agency=New York Times}}</ref> plus minimum estimate for Counterrevolutionaries dead (712,000)<ref name="Yang Kuisong"/>  plus minimum estimate for Cultural Revolution dead (400,000)<ref name="Maurice Meisner 1999 354">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YpV7vbvclfgC&pg=PA354#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Mao's China and After: A History of the People's Republic |edition= 3rd  |author= Maurice Meisner |page=354 |publisher=Free Press |year= 1999 |isbn=978-0684856353 }}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|20736441|}}
||{{nts|10000000}}
||{{nts|43000000}}<ref name="distributedrepublic.net">http://www.distributedrepublic.net/archives/2006/05/01/how-many-did-stalin-really-murder/</ref><ref name="hawaii.edu">http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/PERSONAL.HTM</ref>
||[[Joseph Stalin|Stalinist Crimes against humanity and genocide(s)]]
||[[Soviet Union]]
||1922
||1953
||The millions murdered by the regime of [[Joseph Stalin]] by [[Holodomor|famine]], [[Great Purge|purges]], [[Gulag|labor camps]], [[Population transfer in the Soviet Union|population transfer]], [[Deportation of the Crimean Tatars|deportations]], and [[Polish Operation of the NKVD (1937–38)|NKVD massacres.]] The minimum death toll (to the left) uses the minimum post-archive calculations from after the fall of the [[USSR]] of those not killed in famine which range from 4 to 10 million.,<ref name="etext.org">{{cite journal|author1=Getty, J. A. |author2=Rittersporn, G. T. |author3=Zemskov, V. N. |journal=American Historical Review |year=1993 |volume=98 |issue=4 |pages=1017–49 |url=http://www.etext.org/Politics/Staljin/Staljin/articles/AHR/AHR.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611064213/http://www.etext.org/Politics/Staljin/Staljin/articles/AHR/AHR.html |archivedate=11 June 2008 |title=Victims of the Soviet Penal System in the Pre-war Years |doi=10.2307/2166597 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://sovietinfo.tripod.com/WCR-German_Soviet.pdf|title=The Scale and Nature of German and Soviet Repression and Mass Killings, 1930–45|author=Wheatcroft, Stephen |year=1996|volume= 48|issue=8 |pages=1319–1353 |journal=Europe-Asia Studies|jstor=152781|doi=10.1080/09668139608412415}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Soviet Studies|url=http://sovietinfo.tripod.com/WCR-Scale_Repression.pdf|title=More light on the scale of repression and excess mortality in the Soviet Union in the 1930s|jstor=152086|author=Wheatcroft, Stephen |year=1990|volume= 42|issue= 2 |pages=355–367|doi=10.1080/09668139008411872}}</ref> plus the minimum of those killed in famine which range from 6 to 8 million. [[Robert Conquest]] writer of the book ''[[The Great Terror]]'' started with the estimate with 30 million, a few years later putting it down to 20 million<ref name="Conquest, Robert 1991">Conquest, Robert (1991) The Great Terror: A Reassessment, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-507132-8}}</ref> and in his latest revision sais no less than 15 million perished.<ref name="users.erols.com">{{cite web|url=http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat1.htm#Stalin|title=Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls}} See also: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn: ''The Gulag Archipelago 1918–1956'', 1973–1976 {{ISBN|0-8133-3289-3}}</ref> Estimates before the release of the archives put those killed by [[Stalin]] as "low" as 3 million and as high as 60 million.<ref name="users.erols.com"/>
|-
||{{nts|17000000}}
||{{nts|17000000}}
||{{nts|17000000}}{{sfn|Niewyk|Nicosia|2000|p=45}}
||[[Holocaust|Nazi Holocaust]]
||[[Nazi]] occupied Europe
||1939
||1945
||[[The Holocaust|Nazi Holocaust against Jews]], [[Nazi crimes against ethnic Poles|Poles]], [[Porajmos|Gypsies]], [[World War II persecution of Serbs|Serbs]], [[Reichskommissariat Ukraine|East Slavs]], [[Nazi eugenics|the disabled]], [[Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust|homosexuals]], [[Suppression of Freemasonry|Freemasons]], [[Nazi crimes against Soviet POWs|POWs]] and [[Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany|Jehovah's Witnesses.]]+Soviet Famine
|-
||{{nts|10511124}}
||{{nts|5965000}}<ref name=rumdinger>{{cite web|last1=R.J.Rummel|title=CHINA'S BLOODY CENTURY|url=https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/CHINA.CHAP1.HTM}}</ref>
||{{nts|18522000}}<ref name=rumdinger>{{cite web|last1=R.J.Rummel|title=CHINA'S BLOODY CENTURY|url=https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/CHINA.CHAP1.HTM}}</ref>
||[[Nationalist government|Mass killings under Chinese Nationalist Government]]
||[[China]]
||1928
||1946
||
|-
||{{nts|6480741}}
||{{nts|3000000}}<ref name="Rummell, Statistics"/>
||{{nts|14000000}}<ref name="educationforum.ipbhost.com"/>
||[[Japanese War Crimes|Japanese War Holocaust]]
||In and around East and South East [[Asia]], [[Oceania]] and the Pacific
||1895
||1945
||
|-
||{{nts|6244998}}
||{{nts|3000000}}{{efn|The Casement estimate is used by Ascherson in his book ''[[The King Incorporated]]'', although he notes that it is "almost certainly an underestimate".{{sfn|Ascherson|1999|p=9}}}}
||{{nts|13000000}}{{sfn|Hochschild|1999|p=315}}
||[[Congolese Holocaust|Congo Free State Horrors]]
|| [[Congo Free State]] || {{nts|1885|format=no}} || {{nts|1908|format=no}} ||[[International Association of the Congo|Private forces]] under the control of [[Leopold II of Belgium]] carried out mass murders, mutilations, and other crimes against the Congolese in order to encourage the gathering of valuable raw materials, principally [[rubber]]. Significant deaths also occurred due to major disease outbreaks and starvation, caused by population displacement and poor treatment.<ref name="Hochschild 1999"/> Estimates of the death toll vary considerably because of the lack of a formal census before 1924, but a commonly cited figure of 10 million deaths was obtained by estimating a 50% decline in the total population during the Congo Free State and applying it to the total population of 10 million in 1924.<ref name="Hochschild p.226–232">Hochschild p.226–232.</ref>
|-
||{{nts|2500000}}
||{{nts|2500000}}
||{{nts|2500000}}
||Atrocities under<br />[[Ranavalona I]] of Madagascar
||[[Madagascar]]
||1829
||1842
||Putting an end to most foreign trade relationships, [[Ranavalona I]] pursued a policy of self-reliance, made possible through frequent use of the long-standing tradition of ''[[Corvée#Madagascar|fanompoana]]''—forced labor in lieu of tax payments in money or goods. Ranavalona continued the wars of expansion conducted by her predecessor, [[Radama I]], in an effort to extend her realm over the entire island, and imposed strict punishments on those who were judged as having acted in opposition to her will. Due in large part to loss of life throughout the years of military campaigns, high death rates among ''fanompoana'' workers, and harsh traditions of justice under her rule, the population of Madagascar is estimated to have declined from around 5 million to 2.5 million between 1833 and 1839, and from 750,000 to 130,000 between 1829 and 1842 in Imerina.<ref name="Stats">{{cite journal | last = Campbell | first = Gwyn | date = October 1991 | title = The state and pre-colonial demographic history: the case of nineteenth century Madagascar | journal = Journal of African History | volume = 23 | issue = 3 | pages = 415–445}}</ref> These statistics have contributed to a strongly unfavorable view of Ranavalona's rule in historical accounts.<ref name="Laidler 2005">Laidler (2005)</ref>
|-
||{{nts|2171381}}
||{{nts|1386734}}<ref name="Bruce Sharp"/>
||{{nts|3400000}}<ref name="Heuveline, Patrick 2001"/>
||[[Cambodian genocide|Khmer Rouge Holocaust]]
||[[Democratic Kampuchea]]
||1975
||1979
||The arbitrary torture, execution, starvation and enslavement of the population [[Cambodia]] under the rule of [[Pol Pot]] and the [[Khmer Rouge]] for the sake of achieving [[Agrarian socialism]], and the [[Cambodian Genocide#Ethnic and Religious Victims|genocide of religious and ethnic minorities by the Khmer Rouge]]. Minimum death toll is the number of corpses found in the [[Killing Fields]].
|-
|| {{nts|1989284}}
|| {{nts|1439000}}
|| {{nts|2750000}}
||[[Young Turks|Young Turk's]] [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Armenian Genocide|Ho]] [[Assyrian Genocide|loc]] [[Greek Genocide|au]] [[Great Famine of Mount Lebanon|st]].
||[[Ottoman Empire]]
||1913
||1922
||A collective term to refer to the various [[genocides]] and [[Ethnic cleansings]] the [[Ottoman Empire]] committed under the administration of the [[Young Turks]]. Death toll is the combined death tolls of the [[Armenian Genocide]] (800,000 to 1,500,000), [[Assyrian Genocide]] (150,000 to 300,000), and [[Greek Genocide]] (289,000 to 750,000), and combined with the [[Great Famine of Mount Lebanon]] (200,000).
|-
||{{nts|1576388}}
||{{nts|710000}}
||{{nts|3500000}}
||[[Human rights in North Korea|North Korean Crimes against humanity (and possible genocide)]]
||[[North Korea]]
||1948
||ongoing
||<ref>{{cite web|last1=R.J.Rummel|title=Statistics Of North Korean Democide Estimates, Calculations, And Sources|url=https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP10.HTM|website=STATISTICS OF DEMOCIDE}}</ref><br />North Korea continues to be one of the most repressive governments in the world with the world's lowest human rights record. Over 200,000 people are interned in concentrations camps for either being political dissidents or being related to political dissidents where they are subject to slavery, torture, starvation, shootings, gassing, and human experimentation.
|-
||{{nts|906658}}+
||{{nts|240500}}
||{{nts|3418000}}+
||[[Suharto|Crimes against humanity and genocide(s) under Suharto's Revolution and New Order]]
||[[Indonesia]]
||1965
||1998
||[[Indonesian killings of 1965–66|65/66 Politicide]]- 78,500 to 3,000,000 Communists<br /><br />[[Indonesian occupation of East Timor|East Timor Atrocities]]-60,000 to 308,000 East Timorese<br /><br />[[Papua conflict|West Papua Atrocities]]-100,000 Papuans<br /><br />[[Petrus Killings]]-2,000 to 10,000 "Suspected Criminals"
|-
||{{nts|867468}}
||{{nts|430000}}
||{{nts|1750000}}
||[[Mengistu Haile Mariam|Crimes against humanity of Mengistu Haile Mariam]]
||[[Ethiopia]]
||1977
||1987
||[[1983–85 famine in Ethiopia|Manmade Famine]]- 400,000 to 1,000,000<br />[[Ethiopian Politicide|Politicide]]-30,000 to 750,000
|-
||{{nts|700000}}
||{{nts|700000}}<ref name=communistkills/>
||{{nts|700000}}
||Crimes of the [[FRELIMO]]
||[[People's Republic of Mozambique|Communist Mozambique]]
||1975
||1999
||See also [[Mozambican Civil War]]
|-
||{{nts|396401}}
||{{nts|145,225}}
||{{nts|1082000}}
||Crimes of [[Ho Chi Minh]] and the [[Viet Cong]]
||[[Vietnam]]
||1954
||2000
||95,000 [[Reeducation camp]]s<ref name="Statistics of Vietnamese Democide"/><br /><br />13,500<ref name="lib.washington.edu"/>-200,000<ref name="paulbogdanor.com"/> [[Land reform in North Vietnam|Land Reform]]<br /><br />36,725<ref name="Lewy"/> to 227,000<ref name="Statistics of Vietnamese Democide"/> War Crimes<br /><br />200 to 560 Thousand<ref name="Statistics of Vietnamese Democide">Rummel, Rudolph (1997), [http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP6.HTM Statistics of Vietnamese Democide], in his ''Statistics of Democide'', Table 6.1A, line 467 & Table 6.1B, lines 675, 730, 749–751.</ref><ref name="The Associated Press of 1979">The Associated Press of 1979</ref> [[Vietnamese boat people#Pirates and other hazards|Boat People]]<br /><br />Minimum death toll is the combined minimum estimates for War Crimes, [[Reeducation camp]]s, and Land Reform while maximum death toll is the combination of the maximum estimated death toll of Land Reform, War Crimes, [[Reeducation camp]]s and [[Boat People]] which may or may not be attributable to the regime and its controllers depending on your perspective.
|-
||{{ntsh|363442}}363,442
||{{ntsh|154600}}154,600
||{{ntsh|854400 }}854,400
||[[Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq|Saddam Hussein's Crimes against humanity and genocide(s)]]
||[[Baathist Iraq]]
||1979
||2003
||[[1991 uprisings in Iraq|1991 Repression Massacre-]] 25 to 180 Thousand<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/reports/1992/Iraq926.htm Endless Torment: The 1991 Uprising in Iraq And Its Aftermath], ''Human Rights Watch'', June 1992.</ref><br /><br />[[Al-Anfal Campaign|Al-Anfal Genocide of Kurds-]] 50 to 182 Thousand<ref name="hrw.org"/><ref name="Frontline"/><br /><br />[[Iran-Iraq War|Iran-Iraq War Atrocities]] 11,000<ref name="hiro251">{{cite book|last=Hiro|first=Dilip|authorlink=Dilip Hiro|title=The Longest War: The Iran–Iraq Military Conflict|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|year=1991|page=251|isbn=9780415904063|oclc=22347651}}</ref> to 100 Thousand<ref name="r.j.rummel">{{cite web|url=http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB15.1D.GIF|title=Lesser Murdering States, Quasi-States, and Groups: Estimates, Sources, and Calculations|work=Power Kills|publisher=University of Hawai'i|author=Rumel, Rudolph}}</ref> civilians<br /><br />Post-1991 Uprising Refugee crisis of March and early April (a 36-day period) killed 1,000 per day  or 36,000 people.<ref>"Iraqi Deaths from the Gulf War as of April 1992," Greenpeace, Washington, D.C. See also "Aftermath of War: The Persian Gulf War Refugee Crisis," Staff Report to the Senate Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Affairs, May 20, 1991. The figure of nearly 1,000 deaths per day is also given in "Kurdistan in the Time of Saddam Hussein," Staff Report to the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, November 1991, p.14.</ref> According to some reports, up to hundreds of refugees died each day along the way to Iran as well during the same time frame.<ref>[http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1991/Kurdish-Refugees-Straggle-Into-Iran-Followed-By-Tragedy/id-2a413a508ec5af132b9cc245172f3f9c Kurdish Refugees Straggle Into Iran, Followed By Tragedy], Associated Press, Apr 13, 1991</ref> Assuming hundreds 100 to 900 the death tol of these refugees could be anywhere from 3,600 to 32,400.<br /><br />It is estimated that around 25,000 Feyli Kurds died due to captivity and torture.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jaffar Al-Faylee|first1=Zaki|title=Tareekh Al-Kurd Al-Faylyoon|date=2010|location=Beirut|pages=485, 499–501}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Al-Hakeem|first1=Dr.  Sahib|title=Untold  stories  of  more  than  4000  women  raped  killed and tortured in Iraq, the country of mass graves|date=2003|pages=489–492}}</ref> during the [[Persecution of Feyli Kurds under Saddam Hussein]]<br /><br />
In addition, 4,000 prisoners at [[Abu Ghraib prison]] were reportedly executed in a particularly large 1984 purge.<ref>{{cite book|last=Chauhan|first=Sharad S.|title=War on Iraq|publisher=APH Publishing|year=2003|isbn=9788176484787|p=65}}</ref>

Only 20,000 [[Marsh Arabs]] were left in the region after the [[Draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes|draining]] (out of half a million), though it is unknown whether this was caused by famine or migration, except for the 80 to 120 thousand who fled to [[Iran]]
<ref name="Marsh">[http://www.simplysharing.com/sumerians.htm Iraq's Marsh Arabs, Modern Sumerians] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527021202/http://www.simplysharing.com/sumerians.htm |date=2011-05-27 }} – The Oregonian, May 14, 2003</ref><ref name="Colep13">Cole, p.13</ref> And the 125,000 to 150,000 that remain in Iraq.

Minimum estimate is the minimum estimate of civilians killed by Saddam during Iran-Iraq War, Uprising and genocide of Kurds combined, while maximum is the maximum of the aforementioned combined with the maximum demographic decline of Mesopotamian Marshes.
|-
||{{nts|223607}}
||{{nts|100000}}<ref name="Ullman1978">{{cite journal | last=Ullman | first=Richard H. | title=Human Rights and Economic Power: The United States Versus Idi Amin | journal=[[Foreign Affairs]] | date=April 1978 | url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/29141/richard-h-ullman/human-rights-and-economic-power-the-united-states-versus-idi-amvi| accessdate=26 March 2009 | quote=The most conservative estimates by informed observers hold that President Idi Amin Dada and the terror squads operating under his loose direction have killed 100,000 Ugandans in the seven years he has held power.}}{{dead link|date=April 2017}}</ref>
||{{nts|500000}}<ref name="guardian_obit">{{cite news | last=Keatley | first=Patrick | title=Obituary: Idi Amin | url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/aug/18/guardianobituaries | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=18 August 2003 | accessdate=18 March 2008 | location=London}}</ref>
|| [[Idi Amin|Personal Dictatorship of Idi Amin]]
|| [[Uganda]]
|| 1971
|| 1979
|| [[Idi Amin]]'s rule of [[Uganda]] saw excessive and egregious human rights abuses toward ethnic minorities and political opposition earning him the nickname by critics "The Butcher of Uganda."
|-
||{{nts|161555}}
||{{nts|60000}}<ref name="Valentino 2005 p. 75">Valentino (2005) Final solutions Table 2 found at p. 75.</ref>
||{{nts|435000}}<ref name=communistkills/>
||[[Socialist Republic of Romania|Communist Repression of Romania]]
||[[Romania]]
||1945
||1964
||Does not take into account the [[Romanian orphans]] who perished under [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]'s policies
|-
||{{nts|109545}}
||{{nts|60000}}<ref name=Ivan>http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#IvanT</ref>
||{{nts|200000}}<ref name=Ivan>http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#IvanT</ref>
||[[Ivan the Terrible|Tsardom of Ivan the Terrible]]
||[[Russian Empire]]
||1533
||1584
||
|-
||{{nts|81240}}
||{{nts|31000}}<ref name="Sofia 2010">Hanna Arendt Center in Sofia, with Dinyu Sharlanov and Venelin I. Ganev. Crimes Committed by the Communist Regime in Bulgaria. Country report. "Crimes of the Communist Regimes" Conference. February 24–26, 2010, Prague.</ref><ref>Шарланов, Диню. История на комунизма в Булгария: Комунизирането на Булгариия. Сиела, 2009. {{ISBN|978-954-28-0543-4}}.</ref>
||{{nts|220000}}<ref name=communistkills/>
||[[People's Republic of Bulgaria|Communist Repression of Bulgaria]]
||[[Bulgaria]]
||1944
||1989
||Collecitization and political repression in [[Bulgaria]]
|-
||{{nts|65000}}
||{{nts|65000}}<ref name=communistkills/>
||{{nts|65000}}<ref name=communistkills/>
||[[History of Czechoslovakia (1948–89)#Stalinization|Communist Repression of Czechoslovakia]]
||[[Czechoslovakia]]
||1948
||1968–
||
|-
||{{nts|63246}}
||{{nts|50000}}<ref name=Pariah>{{cite web |title=The Pariah President: Teodoro Obiang is a brutal dictator responsible for thousands of deaths. So why is he treated like an elder statesman on the world stage? |first=Dan |last=Gardner |date=6 November 2005 |publisher=The Ottawa Citizen (reprint: dangardner.ca) |url=http://www.dangardner.ca/Featnov605.html |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080612161320/http://www.dangardner.ca/Featnov605.html |archivedate = 12 June 2008}}</ref>
||{{nts|80000}}<ref name=Pariah>{{cite web |title=The Pariah President: Teodoro Obiang is a brutal dictator responsible for thousands of deaths. So why is he treated like an elder statesman on the world stage? |first=Dan |last=Gardner |date=6 November 2005 |publisher=The Ottawa Citizen (reprint: dangardner.ca) |url=http://www.dangardner.ca/Featnov605.html |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080612161320/http://www.dangardner.ca/Featnov605.html |archivedate = 12 June 2008}}</ref>
|| [[Francisco Macías Nguema|Personal Dictatorship of Francisco Macías Nguema]]
|| [[Equatorial Guinea]]
||1968
||1979
||Macías Nguema is regarded as one of the most [[kleptocracy|kleptocratic]], corrupt, and dictatorial leaders in post-colonial African history. Depending on the source, he was responsible for the deaths of anywhere from 50,000 to 80,000 of the 300,000 to 400,000 people living in the country at the time.
|-
||{{nts|50000}}
||{{nts|50000}}<ref name=lalupa>{{cite web|url=http://www.lalupa.com.do/2012/10/la-matanza-de-1937/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001432/http://www.lalupa.com.do/2012/10/la-matanza-de-1937/|title=La matanza de 1937 – La Lupa Sin Trabas|archivedate=3 December 2013|work=La Lupa Sin Trabas}}</ref><ref name=harvp>{{harvp|Capdevilla|1998}}</ref><ref name=ErPaul>{{cite journal |author=Eric Paul Roorda |year=1996 |title=Genocide next door: the Good Neighbor policy, the Trujillo regime, and the Haitian massacre of 1937 |journal=Diplomatic History |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=301–319 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-7709.1996.tb00269.x}}</ref>
||{{nts|50000}}<ref name=lalupa>{{cite web|url=http://www.lalupa.com.do/2012/10/la-matanza-de-1937/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001432/http://www.lalupa.com.do/2012/10/la-matanza-de-1937/|title=La matanza de 1937 – La Lupa Sin Trabas|archivedate=3 December 2013|work=La Lupa Sin Trabas}}</ref><ref name=harvp>{{harvp|Capdevilla|1998}}</ref><ref name=ErPaul>{{cite journal |author=Eric Paul Roorda |year=1996 |title=Genocide next door: the Good Neighbor policy, the Trujillo regime, and the Haitian massacre of 1937 |journal=Diplomatic History |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=301–319 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-7709.1996.tb00269.x}}</ref>
||[[Rafael Trujillo|Personal Dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo]]
||[[Dominican Republic]]
||1930
||1938
||
|-
||{{nts|42426}}
||{{nts|30000}}<ref name="Greene 2001">{{citation |date=2001 |url=https://archive.org/details/dominicanrepubli00metz |editor-last=Metz |editor-first=Helen Chapin |title=Dominican Republic and Haiti |series=Country Studies |others=Research completed December 1999 |edition=3rd |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Federal Research Division, Library of Congress |isbn=978-0-8444-1044-9 |issn=1057-5294 |lccn=2001023524 |oclc=46321054 |mode=cs1 |last=Greene |first=Anne |chapter=Haiti: Historical Setting §&nbsp;François Duvalier, 1957–71 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/dominicanrepubli00metz#page/288 |pages=288–289 |quote=President Duvalier reigned supreme for fourteen years. Even in Haiti, where dictators had been the norm, François&nbsp;Duvalier gave new meaning to the term. Duvalier and his henchmen killed between 30,000 and 60,000 Haitians. The victims were not only political opponents, but women, whole families, whole towns.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. In April 1963, when an army officer suspected of trying to kidnap two of Duvalier’s children took refuge in the Dominican chancery, Duvalier ordered the Presidential&nbsp;Guard to occupy the building. The Dominicans were incensed; President [[Juan&nbsp;Bosch&nbsp;Gaviño]] ordered troops to the border and threatened to invade. However, the Dominican commanders were reluctant to enter Haiti, and Bosch was obliged to turn to the {{bracket|[[Organization of American States]]}} to settle the matter.}}</ref>
||{{nts|60000}}<ref name="Greene 2001">{{citation |date=2001 |url=https://archive.org/details/dominicanrepubli00metz |editor-last=Metz |editor-first=Helen Chapin |title=Dominican Republic and Haiti |series=Country Studies |others=Research completed December 1999 |edition=3rd |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Federal Research Division, Library of Congress |isbn=978-0-8444-1044-9 |issn=1057-5294 |lccn=2001023524 |oclc=46321054 |mode=cs1 |last=Greene |first=Anne |chapter=Haiti: Historical Setting §&nbsp;François Duvalier, 1957–71 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/dominicanrepubli00metz#page/288 |pages=288–289 |quote=President Duvalier reigned supreme for fourteen years. Even in Haiti, where dictators had been the norm, François&nbsp;Duvalier gave new meaning to the term. Duvalier and his henchmen killed between 30,000 and 60,000 Haitians. The victims were not only political opponents, but women, whole families, whole towns.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. In April 1963, when an army officer suspected of trying to kidnap two of Duvalier’s children took refuge in the Dominican chancery, Duvalier ordered the Presidential&nbsp;Guard to occupy the building. The Dominicans were incensed; President [[Juan&nbsp;Bosch&nbsp;Gaviño]] ordered troops to the border and threatened to invade. However, the Dominican commanders were reluctant to enter Haiti, and Bosch was obliged to turn to the {{bracket|[[Organization of American States]]}} to settle the matter.}}</ref>
|| [[François Duvalier|Dictatorship of François Duvalier]]
||[[Haiti]]
||1957
||1971
|| Duvalier's rule based on a purged military, a rural militia known as the {{nowrap|[[Tonton Macoute]]}}, and the use of [[cult of personality]], resulted in the murder of 30,000 to 60,000 Haitians and the exile of many more.
|-
||{{nts|40000}}
||{{nts|40000}}
||{{nts|40000}}
||[[Hissène Habré|Personal Dictatorship of Hissène Habré]]
||[[Chad]]
||1982
||1990
||In May 2016 [[Hissène Habré]] was found guilty of human-rights abuses, including rape, [[sexual slavery]] and ordering the killing of 40,000 people, and sentenced to life in prison. He is the first former head of state to be convicted for human rights abuses in the court of another nation.<ref name="the Economist" >{{cite news|title=Chad's former president has been found guilty of crimes against humanity. Who's next?|url=http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21699871-hissene-habr-first-ex-head-state-be-convicted-another-nations|accessdate=2 June 2016|work=[[The Economist]]|date=1 June 2016}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|29219}}
||{{nts|9240}}<ref name=cuba>"It has so far verified the names of 9,240 victims of the Castro regime and the circumstances of their deaths. Archive researchers meticulously insist on confirming stories of official murder from two independent sources.
<br />Cuba Archive President Maria Werlau says the total number of victims could be higher by a factor of 10."<br />
https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB113590852154334404</ref>
||{{nts|92400}}<ref name=cuba/>
||[[Human rights in Cuba|Communist Repression of Cuba]]
||[[Cuba]]
||1976
||ongoing
||Human rights in Cuba are under the scrutiny of [[Human Rights Watch]], who accuse the [[Cuba]]n government of systematic human rights abuses, including [[arbitrary imprisonment]], unfair trials, and [[extrajudicial execution]].<ref name="hrw1999"/><ref name="cidh.org">{{cite web|date=April 7, 1967 |url=http://www.cidh.org/countryrep/Cuba67sp/indice.htm |title=Information about human rights in Cuba |publisher=Comision Interamericana de Derechos Humanos |language=Spanish |accessdate=2006-07-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614143826/http://www.cidh.org/countryrep/Cuba67sp/indice.htm |archivedate=June 14, 2006 |df= }}</ref><ref name="Castro sued over alleged torture">{{cite web|date=November 16, 2005 |url=http://newsfromrussia.com/world/2005/11/16/67822.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060214150400/http://newsfromrussia.com/world/2005/11/16/67822.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=February 14, 2006 |title=Castro sued over alleged torture |publisher=News from Russia |accessdate=2006-07-09 }}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|22431}}
||{{nts|10482}}
||{{nts|48000}}
||[[Human rights in Iran#Post-revolution|Islamist Dictatorship of Iran]]
||[[Iran]]
||1979
||ongoing
||4,482 to 30,000 in P.O.C. Massacre<br />6,000 to 18,000 Child soldiers killed  <br />(refer to earlier tables on page)
|-
||{{nts|22000}}
||{{nts|22000}}<ref name=communistkills/>
||{{nts|22000}}
||[[History of Poland (1945–89)#Stalinist era (1948–56)|Communist Repression of Poland]]
||[[Polish People's Republic|Communist Poland]]
||1945
||1989
||
|-
||{{nts|13748}}
||{{nts|7000}}
||{{nts|27000}}<ref name=communistkills>http://www.scottmanning.com/content/communist-body-count/</ref>
||[[State Protection Authority|Communist Repression of Hungary]]
||[[Hungary]]
||1948
||1956
||Minimum death toll does not take into account those out of the 150,000 who perished in [[concentration camps]], and only counts the 5,000 alleged spies and 2,000 party members executed, noting that 5,000 spies came from only 98,000 out of 700,000 alleged spies. Extrapolate as you will.<ref name="bideleux476">{{Harvnb|Bideleux|Jeffries|2007|p=477}}</ref><ref name="crampton267">{{Harvnb|Crampton|1997|p=267}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|9500}}
||{{nts|9500}}<ref name=romnec>http://necrometrics.com/romestat.htm</ref>
||{{nts|9500}}
||[[Tiberius|Imperial Rule of Tiberius]]
||[[Ancient Rome]]
||14
||37
||
|-
||{{nts|9000}}
||{{nts|9000}}<ref name=romnec>http://necrometrics.com/romestat.htm</ref>
||{{nts|9000}}
||[[Caligula|Imperial Rule of Caligula]]
||[[Ancient Rome]]
||37
||41
||
|-
||{{nts|6000}}
||{{nts|6000}}<ref name=romnec>http://necrometrics.com/romestat.htm</ref>
||{{nts|6000}}
||[[Johnny Paul Koroma|Personal dictatorship of Johnny Paul Koroma]]
||[[Sierra Leone]]
||1997
||1998
||
|-
||{{nts|5750}}
||{{nts|5750}}<ref name=romnec>http://necrometrics.com/romestat.htm</ref>
||{{nts|5750}}
||[[Nero|Imperial Rule of Nero]]
||[[Ancient Rome]]
||54
||68
||
|-
||{{nts|3000}}
||{{nts|100}}<ref name="Papa in the Dock">[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,946313,00.html Papa in the Dock] ''Time'' Magazine</ref>
||{{nts|90000}}<ref>http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-2091670/Hitler-Stalin-The-murderous-regimes-world.html</ref>
||[[Jean-Bedel Bokassa|Personal dictatorship of Jean-Bedel Bokassa]]
||[[Central African Republic]]
||1966
||1976
||It was found that Bokassa personally oversaw the massacre of 100 school children.<ref name="Papa in the Dock"/>
|-
||{{nts|2935}}
||{{nts|2935}}<ref name=romnec>http://necrometrics.com/romestat.htm</ref>
||{{nts|2935}}
||[[Claudius|Imperial Rule of Claudius]]
||[[Ancient Rome]]
||41
||54
||
|-

|}

==Anthropogenically exacerbated famine, mass starvation, and illness==
{{Main article|Famine|List of famines}}
[[File:Graphic2-1877.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Engraving from ''[[The Graphic]]'', October 1877, showing the plight of animals as well as humans in [[Bellary district]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]] during the [[Great Famine of 1876–78]].]]
''Note: Some of these famines diseases were partially caused by nature.''<br />
''This section includes famines, and disease that were caused or exacerbated by human action.''
{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}

{| style="width:100%;" class="sortable wikitable"
|- style="background:#CCCC;"
!data-sort-type="number" | Geom. mean estimate<ref name="Pinto 2014 173–180"/>
!data-sort-type="number" | Lowest estimate!! style="width:7%;" data-sort-type="number" | Highest estimate !! style="width:7%;" | Event !! style="width:5%;" | Location !! style="width:5%;" | From !! width="5%" data-sort-type="number" | To !! width="50%" data-sort-type="number" | Notes
|-
||{{nts|79937476}}
||{{nts|71000000}}
||{{nts|90000000}}
||[[Smoking|Disease caused by Smoking]]
||worldwide
||1930
||1999
||<ref name="all20c">{{cite web|last1=White|first1=Matthew|title=Necrometrics – Estimated Totals for the Entire 20th Century|url=http://necrometrics.com/all20c.htm|website=Necrometrics}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=R. Peto|title=Mortality from tobacco in developed countries: indirect estimation from national vital statistics|date=23 May 1992|url=http://necrometrics.com/all20c.htm}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|39171418}}<br /><br />{{nts|47665501}}
||{{nts|22400000}}<br /><br />{{nts|28400000}}
||{{nts|68500000}}<br /><br />{{nts|80000000}}
||[[Communist]] Famines
||worldwide
||1933<br /><br />1921
||1998<br /><br />1998
||Combined death toll of famines caused by [[Communist]] states as listed below. ([[Great Chinese Famine]], [[Soviet famine of 1932–33]], [[North Korean famine]], [[Khmer Rouge rule of Cambodia#Economy|Cambodian Holocaust Famine]], [[1983–85 famine in Ethiopia]])<br />([[Russian Famine of 1921]] may have been exacerbated by [[War Communism]] policies but it is debatable to what extent. [[Soviet famine of 1946–47]] is debated between by caused more by government policy or war as well.)
|-
||{{nts|28722810}}||{{nts|15000000}}<ref name="blackbook"/>||{{nts|55000000}}<ref name="wemheuer">{{cite journal | title=Sites of horror: Mao's Great Famine [with response] | author=Wemheuer, Felix | journal=The China Journal| date=July 2011 | issue=66 |pages=155–164 | jstor=41262812}} on p.163 Frank Dikötter, in his response, quotes Yu Xiguang's figure of 55 million</ref>||[[Great Chinese Famine]]||[[People's Republic of China]]||1958||1962||During the [[Great Leap Forward]] under [[Mao Zedong]] tens of millions of Chinese starved to death.<ref name=beckerxi>Becker, Jasper (1998). Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine. Holt Paperbacks p.xi.</ref> State violence during this period further exacerbated the death toll, and some 2.5 million people were beaten or tortured to death in connection with Great Leap policies.<ref>Dikötter, Frank. Mao's Great Famine: The History of China's Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958–62. Walker & Company, 2010. p. 298.</ref>
|-
||{{nts|23065130}}
||{{nts|19000000}}
||{{nts|28000000}}
||Famine and Disease during [[World War II]]
||Worldwide
||1939
||1945
||See [[World War II casualties]]
|-
||{{nts|11023579}}
||{{nts|8136000}}
||{{nts|14936000}}
||Famine and Disease under [[Japanese Imperialism]]
||[[Japanese Empire]]
||1937
||1945
||See [[World War II casualties]]<br />Combined death tolls of [[China]]'s, [[Vietnam]]'s, [[Indonesia]]'s and the [[Philippine]]'s famine and disease.
|-
||{{nts|10816650}}||{{nts|9000000}}{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}||{{nts|13000000}}||[[Northern Chinese Famine of 1876–79]] ||[[China]]||1876||1879|| [[El Niño Southern Oscillation|ENSO]] famine. See also: [[Late Victorian Holocausts]]
|-
||{{nts|7071072}} ||{{nts|5000000}}<ref name="stanford">"[http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2011/pr-famine-040411.html How the U.S. saved a starving Soviet Russia: PBS film highlights Stanford scholar's research on the 1921–23 famine]". Stanford University. April 4, 2011.</ref>||{{nts|10000000}}<ref name=stanford/>||[[Russian famine of 1921]] ||[[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]]||1921||1922|| See also: [[Droughts and famines in Russia and the Soviet Union]] and [[Russian Civil War]] with its policy of [[War communism]], especially [[prodrazvyorstka]]
|-
||{{nts|7071068}}
||{{nts|5000000}}
||{{nts|10000000}}
||[[Second Sino-Japanese War|Famine and Disease in China during Japanese Invasion]]
||[[China]]
||1937
||1945
||See [[World War I casualties]]
|-
||{{nts|6928200}}
||{{nts|6000000}}
||{{nts|8000000}}<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-275913/Ukraine |title=Ukraine – The famine of 1932–33 |accessdate= 2008-06-26 |work= Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref>
||[[Soviet famine of 1932–33]]
||[[Soviet Union]]
||1932
||1933
||Majority of famine victims were [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]]. Many nations (including [[Ukraine]]) regard the famine's effect in the [[Ukraine]] as a [[genocide]] against [[Ukraine]] known as the [[Holodomor]].
|-
||{{nts|5745181}}
||{{nts|5411000}}
||{{nts|6100000}}
||Famine and disease during [[World War I]]
||Worldwide
||1914
||1918
||See [[World War I casualties]]
|-
||{{nts|8300000}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/wars19c.htm#Nino|title=Nineteenth Century Death Tolls|website=necrometrics.com|access-date=2016-11-20}}</ref>
||{{nts|6100000}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Famine in Peasant Societies|last=Seavoy|first=Ronald|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1986|isbn=9780313251306|location=New York|pages=|quote=|via=}}</ref>
||{{nts|10320000}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ProsperousBritishIndiaARevelationWilliamDigby|title='Prosperous' British India|last=Digby|first=William|publisher=T. Fisher Unwin|year=1901|isbn=|location=London|pages=128|oclc=6671095|quote=|via=}}</ref>
||[[Great Famine of 1876–78]]
||[[British India]]
||1876||1878
|| [[El Niño Southern Oscillation|ENSO]] famine. See also: [[Late Victorian Holocausts]]
|-
||{{nts|4529901}}
||{{nts|3800000}}
||{{nts|5400000}}
||[[Second Congo War|African World War Famine]]
||[[Africa]]
||1998
||2004
||Majority of those who died in war perished from famine and disease.
|-
||{{nts|4242641}}
||{{nts|3000000}}<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hough|first1=Jerry|title=See http://necrometrics.com/all20c.htm|url=http://necrometrics.com/all20c.htm|agency=LA Times|date=18 August 1998}}</ref>
||{{nts|6000000}}<ref>{{cite news|last1=See http://necrometrics.com/all20c.htm|url=http://necrometrics.com/all20c.htm|agency=La Times (London)|date=27 Jan 2000}}</ref>
||[[Decommunization]]
||Former States of the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Eastern Block]]
||1991
||2000
||Deaths caused by decrease in living conditions in [[Russia]] and other former [[Communist]] States after the fall of the [[Soviet Union]].
|-
||{{nts|3464100}}||{{nts|3000000}}{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}||{{nts|4000000}}||[[Bengal famine of 1943]] ||[[British India]]||1943||1943|| The [[Japanese conquest of Burma]] cut off India's main supply of [[rice]] imports<ref>[[Nicholas Tarling]] (ed.) ''The Cambridge History of SouthEast Asia'' Vol.II Part 1 pp139-40</ref>
However, administrative policies in British India ultimately helped cause the massive death toll.<ref>[[Madhusree Mukerjee]], ''Churchill's Secret War: The British Empire and the Ravaging of India During World War II''. See also [http://southasiarev.wordpress.com/2011/04/12/book-review-churchills-secret-war-in-india/ Book review: Churchill's secret war in India] by Susannah York</ref>
|-
||{{nts|13700000}}
||{{nts|8400000}}<ref name=":0" />
||{{nts|19000000}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=|first=|year=1901|title=Notes from India|url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/vol157no4055/PIIS0140-6736(00)X7748-3|journal=The Lancet|volume=157|pages=|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)88925-X}}</ref>
||[[Indian famine of 1896–97]], [[Indian famine of 1899–1900]]
||[[British India]]
||1896
||1900
|| [[El Niño Southern Oscillation|ENSO]] famines. See also: [[Late Victorian Holocausts]]
|-
||{{nts|2449490}}||{{nts|2000000}}<ref>Stevenson, "Capitol Gains" (2014), p. 314.</ref>||{{nts|3000000}}<ref name="ThreeMil">{{cite web|url=http://www.enotes.com/genocide-encyclopedia/biafra-nigeria |publisher=eNotes.com|title=Biafra/Nigeria|accessdate=30 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nigerian Civil War|url=http://www.war-memorial.net/Nigerian-Civil-War--3.140|work=Polynational War Memorial|accessdate=4 January 2014}}</ref>||[[Nigerian Civil War#Reckoning and legacy|Biafran Blockade during Nigeria's Civil War]]||[[Nigeria]]||1967||1970||More than two million [[Igbo people|Igbo]] died from the famine imposed deliberately through blockade throughout the war. Lack of medicine also contributed. Thousands of people starved to death every day as the war progressed.
|-
||{{nts|2400000}} ||{{nts|2400000}}<ref name="mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de">Van der Eng, Pierre (2008) 'Food Supply in Java during War and Decolonisation, 1940–1950.' ''MPRA Paper No. 8852'', pp.35–38. http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8852/</ref>||{{nts|2400000}} ||[[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies]]||[[Indonesia]]||1944||1945 || An estimated 2.4 million Indonesians starved to death during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia. The problem was partly caused by failures of the main 1944–45 rice crop, but mainly by the compulsory rice purchasing system that the Japanese authorities put in place to secure rice for distribution to the armed forces and urban population.<ref name="mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de"/>
|-
||{{nts|1224745}}
||{{nts|1000000}}
||{{nts|1500000}}
||[[Soviet famine of 1946–47|Post-WWII Soviet Famine]]
||[[Soviet Union]]
||1946
||1946
||Debated whether it was caused by war or government policy more.
|-
||{{nts|1060660}}||{{nts|750000}}<ref>Foster, R.F. 'Modern Ireland 1600–1972'. Penguin Press, 1988. p324. Foster's footnote reads: "Based on hitherto unpublished work by C. Ó Gráda and Phelim Hughes, 'Fertility trends, excess mortality and the Great Irish Famine'...Also see C.Ó Gráda and Joel Mokyr, 'New developments in Irish Population History 1700–1850', Economic History Review, vol. xxxvii, no.4 (November 1984), pp. 473–488."</ref><ref>Joseph Lee, The Modernisation of Irish Society p. 1. Lee says 'at least 800,000'.</ref>||{{nts|1500000}}<ref>Vaughan, W.E. and Fitzpatrick, A.J.(eds). Irish Historical Statistics, Population, 1821/1971. Royal Irish Academy, 1978</ref>||[[Great Irish Famine]]<ref>[http://www.education.ne.gov/SS/Irish/irish_pf.html The Great Irish Famine]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Approved by the New Jersey Commission on Holocaust Education on 10 September 1996, for inclusion in the Holocaust and Genocide Curriculum at the secondary level. Revision submitted 11/26/98.</ref>||[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Ireland]]||1846||1849|| Although blight ravaged [[potato]] crops throughout Europe during the 1840s, the impact and human cost in Ireland—where a third of the population was significantly dependent on the [[Irish Lumper]] potato for food—was exacerbated by a host of political, social and economic factors which remain the subject of historical debate.<ref>{{cite book| author = Cecil Woodham-Smith| title = The great hunger: Ireland 1845–1849| year = 1991| publisher = Penguin Books| isbn = 978-0-14-014515-1| page = 19 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author =  Christine Kinealy| title = This Great Calamity: The Irish Famine, 1845–52| year = 2006| isbn = 978-0-7171-4011-4 }}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|894427}}||{{nts|400000}}<ref>Charles Hirschman et al. [http://www.soc.washington.edu/users/brines/vietcasualties.pdf "Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620194237/http://www.soc.washington.edu/users/brines/vietcasualties.pdf |date=2010-06-20 }}. ''Population and Development Review'' (December 1995).</ref>||{{nts|2000000}}<ref name="indochina">{{cite news |first= David |last=Koh |url= http://mailman.anu.edu.au/pipermail/hepr-vn/2008-August/000188.html |date=21 August 2008|title=Vietnam needs to remember famine of 1945 |newspaper=The Straits Times |location =Singapore |accessdate=25 January 2010}}</ref> ||[[Vietnamese Famine of 1945]]||[[Vietnam]]||1944||1945 || The [[Japanese occupation of Vietnam|Japanese occupation]] during World War II caused the famine in North Vietnam.<ref name="indochina"/>
|-
||{{nts|871780}}||{{nts|800,000}}<ref>Bruce Sharp (2008), [http://www.mekong.net/cambodia/deaths.htm Counting Hell] 2.Ben Kiernan, paragraph 3. Mekong.</ref>||{{nts|950,000}}<ref>Marek Sliwinski (1995), ''Le Génocide Khmer Rouge: Une Analyse Démographique'', L'Harmattan, p. 82.</ref>||[[Khmer Rouge rule of Cambodia#Economy|Cambodian Holocaust Famine]]||[[Cambodia]]||1975||1979||An estimated 2 million Cambodians lost their lives to murder, forced labor and famine perpetrated by the [[Khmer Rouge]], of which nearly half was caused by forced starvation. Came to an end due to invasion by Vietnam in 1979.
|-
||{{nts|632456}}||{{nts|400000}}<ref name="famines">{{cite book |ref=harv |last=de Waal |first=Alex |year=2002 |origyear=1997 |title=Famine Crimes: Politics & the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa |location=Oxford |publisher=James Currey |isbn=0-85255-810-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IwZ1Xb-w45oC}}</ref>||{{nts|1000000}}<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/703958.stm Flashback 1984: Portrait of a famine]". BBC News. April 6, 2000.</ref> ||[[1983–85 famine in Ethiopia]]||[[Ethiopia]]||1983||1985 || The [[Famines in Ethiopia|famines that struck Ethiopia]] between 1961 and 1985, and in particular the one of 1983–5, were in large part created by government policies.<ref name="famines"/>
|-
||{{nts|336000}}
||{{nts|336000}}
||{{nts|336000}}
||Famine and disease under [[Japanese occupation of the Philippines]]
||[[Philippines]]
||1942
||1945
||See [[World War I casualties]]
|-
||{{nts|330000}}||{{nts|240000}}<ref name="Spoorenberg, Thomas pp. 133–158">{{cite journal | last1 = Spoorenberg | first1 = Thomas | last2 = Schwekendiek | first2 = Daniel | year = 2012 | title = Demographic Changes in North Korea: 1993–2008 | url = http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2012.00475.x/pdf | journal = Population and Development Review | volume = 38 | issue = 1| pages = 133–158 | doi=10.1111/j.1728-4457.2012.00475.x}}</ref>||{{nts|420000}}<ref name="Spoorenberg, Thomas pp. 133–158"/> ||[[North Korean famine]]||[[North Korea]]||1994||1998 || The famine stemmed from a variety of factors. Economic mismanagement and the [[North Korea–Russia relations#1985–1991|loss of Soviet support]] caused food production and imports to decline rapidly. A series of floods and droughts exacerbated the crisis, but were not its direct cause. The [[Politics of North Korea|North Korean government]] and [[Economy of North Korea|its centrally-planned system]] proved too inflexible to effectively curtail the disaster. Recent research suggests the likely number of excess deaths between 1993 and 2000 was about 330,000.<ref name="Spoorenberg, Thomas pp. 133–158"/><ref name="goodkind-2011">{{cite journal |url=http://paa2011.princeton.edu/papers/111030 |title=A Reassessment of Mortality in North Korea, 1993–2008 |author1=Daniel Goodkind |author2=Loraine West |author3=Peter Johnson |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division |date=28 March 2011 |accessdate=8 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|300000}}
||{{nts|300000}}
||{{nts|300000}}<ref>Sheina, Robert L., ''Latin America's Wars: The Age of the Caudillo, 1791–1899'' (2003)</ref><ref>''COWP: Correlates of War Project'', University of Michigan</ref>
||[[Cuban War of Independence|Cuban War of Independence Famine]]
||[[Cuba]]
||1895
||1898
||Most of dead in war perished from famine and disease.
|-
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||[[Great Famine of Mount Lebanon]]
||[[Mount Lebanon]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
||1915
||1918
||Around 200,000 people starved to death at a time when the population of Mount Lebanon was estimated at 400,000.<ref>Harris 2012, p.174</ref> The Mount Lebanon famine caused the highest fatality rate by population of World War I. Bodies were piled in the streets and people were reported to be eating street animals while some even resorted to cannibalism.<ref name=BBC/><ref name=TN>{{cite news|last1=Ghazal|first1=Rym|title=Lebanon's dark days of hunger: The Great Famine of 1915–18|url=http://www.thenational.ae/world/middle-east/lebanons-dark-days-of-hunger-the-great-famine-of-1915-18|accessdate=24 January 2016|publisher=The National|date=14 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
||{{nts|70000}}||{{nts|70000}}<ref>{{Citation|last=Ó Gráda|first=Cormac|year=2009|title=Famine: a short history|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|page=24|isbn=978-0-691-12237-3|postscript=.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LoN2XkjJio4C&pg=PA24}}</ref>||{{nts|70000}} ||[[1998 Sudan famine|Sudan famine]]||[[Sudan]]||1998||1998 || The famine was caused almost entirely by human rights abuse and [[Second Sudanese Civil War|the war]] in Southern Sudan.<ref name="CNN despite">[http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/africa/9807/31/sudan.famine/ Despite aid effort, Sudan famine squeezing life from dozens daily] CNN, Accessed May 25, 2006</ref>
|-
|| n/a || {{nts|0}}<ref name=Spagat>{{cite web|url=http://personal.rhul.ac.uk/uhte/014/Truth%20and%20Death.pdf |title=Truth and death in Iraq under sanctions |first=Michael |last=Spagat |date=September 2010 |publisher=[[Significance (journal)|Significance]] }}</ref>  || {{nts|576000}}<ref>{{cite journal|last=Garfield|first=Richard|title=Morbidity and Mortality Among Iraqi Children from 1990 Through 1998: Assessing the Impact of the Gulf War and Economic Sanctions|year=1999|url=http://www.casi.org.uk/info/garfield/dr-garfield.html|accessdate=9 July 2013}}</ref> || Starvation caused by the [[Sanctions against Iraq]] || [[Iraq]] || {{nts|1990|format=no}} || {{nts|1998|format=no}} || According to Saddam Hussein's government, sanctions imposed by the [[United Nations Security Council]] indirectly caused excess deaths of young children.
|-
||n/a
||0?
||{{nts|275000}}?
||[[Draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes#Demographic effects|Starvation from the Draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes]]
||[[Mesopotamian Marshes]], [[Iraq]] and [[Iran]]
||1950s
||1990s
||Only 20,000 [[Marsh Arabs]] were left in the region after the draining (out of half a million), though it is unknown whether this was caused by famine or migration, except for the 80 to 120 thousand who fled to [[Iran]]<ref name="Marsh"/><ref name="Colep13">Cole, p.13</ref> And the 125,000 to 150,000 remaining in Iraq.
|-
|}

==Riot or political unrest==
[[File:Romanian Revolution 1989 Demonstrators.jpg|300px|thumb|[[Romanian Revolution]]]]
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:97%;"
|-
! Victims
! class="unsortable"| Event
! Country
! City
! Date
|-
| 200,000–2,000,000 || [[Partition of India and Pakistan]] || British India|| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] & [[Bengal]] || 1947
|-
| 200,000–300,000 || [[La Violencia]] || [[Colombia]]|| Country-wide || 1948–1960
|-
| 85,000–87,000 || [[1959 Tibetan uprising]] || [[Tibet]] (China) || [[Lhasa]] || 1959
|-
| 30,000 || [[Nika riots]] ||  || [[Constantinople]] || 532
|-
| 6,667–20,000 || [[Paris Commune|La semaine sanglante]] || France || Paris || 1871
|-
| 10,000–30,000 || [[February 28 Incident]] || [[Taiwan]] ([[Republic of China]])|| || 1947
|-
| 14,000–30,000 || [[Jeju Uprising]] || South Korea || [[Jeju island]] || 1948
|-
| 13,000–15,500 || [[August Uprising]] || [[Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic]] || || 1924
|-
| 10,000–40,000 || [[1932 Salvadoran peasant uprising]] || [[El Salvador]] || || 1932
|-
| 10,000–20,000 || [[1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt|Romanian Peasants' Revolt]] || [[Romania]] || || 1907  <!--Is this a riot || or is it a rebellion?-->
|-
| 10,000 || [[Kronstadt rebellion]] || Russia || [[Kronstadt]] || 1921
|-
| 2,800–8,000 || [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]] || India || New Delhi || 1984
|-
| 7,500 || [[March 1st Movement]] || South Korea || [[Seoul]] || 1919
|-
|4,179–4,354
|[[Second Intifada]]
|[[Israel]]/[[Palestinian territories]]
|
|2000–2005
|-
| 3,800 || [[Pitchfork Uprising]] || Russia || || 1920
|-
| 2,781|| [[Iranian Revolution]]<ref name=autogenerated2>[http://www.emadbaghi.com/en/archives/000592.php#more A Question of Numbers Web:  IranianVoice.org August 08, 2003 Rouzegar-Now Cyrus Kadivar ]</ref> || [[Iran]] || || 1979
|-
| 3,000–10,000 || [[8888 Uprising]] || [[Burma]] / [[Myanmar]] || || 1987–1993
|-
|2,204
|[[First Intifada]]
|[[Israel]]/[[Palestinian territories]]
|
|1987
|-
| 47–2,000 || [[Banana massacre|Banana Massacre]] || [[Colombia]] ||[[Ciénaga, Magdalena|Ciénaga]] || 1928
|-
| 2,300 || [[Santa María School massacre]] || [[Chile]] || [[Iquique]] || 1907
|-
| 1,104 || [[Romanian Revolution of 1989]] || [[Romania]] || [[Bucharest and major cities]] || 1989
|-
| 1,000–1,200 || [[May 1998 riots of Indonesia]] || [[Indonesia]] || [[Jakarta]], [[Medan]], [[Surakarta]] || 1998
|-
| 132–4,000 || [[Bloody Sunday (1905)]] || Russia || [[Saint Petersburg]] || 1905
|-
|893
|[[2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes]]
|[[Kyrgyzstan]]
|
|2010
|-
| 400 || [[Iranian pilgrim riot]] || [[Saudi Arabia]] || [[Mecca]] || 1987
|-
| 379–1,526|| [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre|Jallianwala Bagh]] (Amritsar) massacre || British India || [[Amritsar]] || 1919
|-
| 360+|| [[Telangana movement]] (Hyderabad) || India || [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] || 1969
|-
|338
|[[Tunisian Revolution]]
|[[Tunisia]]
|
|2010–2011
|-
| 300–3,000 || [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]] || China || Beijing || 1989
|-
| 285 || [[Gordon Riots]] || England || || 1780
|-
| 249 || [[1929 Palestine riots]] || [[British Mandate for Palestine]] || || 1929
|-
| 196 || [[13 May incident]] || [[Malaysia]] || [[Kuala Lumpur]] || 1969
|-
| 187–1,500 || [[Andijan massacre]] || [[Uzbekistan]] || [[Andijan]] || 2005
|-
| 139 || [[Cartoon Riots]] || || || 2006
|-
| 121–797 || [[Euromaidan]] || [[Ukraine]] || [[Kiev]] || 2014
|-
| 100 || [[Napoleon]]'s "[[13 Vendémiaire|whiff of grapeshot]]" || France || Paris || 1795
|-
| 100 || [[New York City draft riots]] || United States ||  New York City || 1863
|-
| 95 || [[Jaffa riots]] || [[British Mandate for Palestine]] || [[Jaffa]] || 1921
|-
| 94 || [[1947 Jerusalem riots]] || || Jerusalem || 1947
|-
| 94 || [[July Revolt of 1927]] || Austria || [[Vienna]] || 1927
|-
|93
|[[Bahraini uprising of 2011]]
|[[Bahrain]]
|
|2011
|-
|88
|[[2012 Rakhine State riots]]
|[[Myanmar]]
|
|2012
|-
| 84 || Riot and crushing during mass arrests || [[Thailand]] || [[Narathiwat Province]] || 2004
|-
|74
|[[Port Said Stadium riot]]
|[[Egypt]]
|[[Port Said]]
|2012
|-
| 69 || [[Sharpeville massacre]] || South Africa || Sharpeville || 1960
|-
| 53 || [[1992 Los Angeles riots]] || United States || Los Angeles || 1992
|-
|50
|[[2013 Myanmar anti-Muslim riots]]
|[[Myanmar]]
|
|2013
|-
| 50 || [[Champ de Mars]] massacre || France || Paris || 1791
|-
| 46 || [[Boipatong massacre]] || South Africa || Boipatong || 1992
|-
| 45 || [[Polish 1970 protests]] || Poland || [[Gdynia]], [[Szczecin]], [[Gdańsk]], and [[Elbląg]] || 1970<ref>http://www.grudzien70.ipn.gov.pl/portal/g70/254/1755/Lista_ofiar_Grudnia_03970.html</ref>
|-
| 43 || [[Attica Prison riot]] || United States || Attica, New York || 1971
|-

| 43 || [[1967 Detroit riot]] || United States || [[Detroit]] || 1967
|-
|41
|[[2012 Afghanistan Quran burning protests]]
|[[Afghanistan]]
|
|2012
|-
| 40–200 || [[Paris massacre of 1961]] || France || [[Paris]] || 1961
|-
| 40–50 || [[Midland Revolt]] || England || [[Newton, Northamptonshire]] || 1607
|-
| 39+ || [[Tulsa race riot]] || United States || [[Tulsa, Oklahoma]] || 1921
|-
| 36 || [[1964 race riots in Singapore]] || [[Singapore]] || || 1964
|-
| 34 || [[Watts Riots]] || United States || [[Los Angeles]] || 1965
|-
| 30–300 || [[Tlatelolco massacre]] || Mexico || Mexico City || 1968
|-
| 25 || [[:nl:Palingoproer|Palingoproer]] || Netherlands || [[Amsterdam]] || 1886
|-
| 25 || [[Corpus Christi massacre]] || Mexico || Mexico City || 1971
|-
| 23–600 || [[Soweto uprising]] || South Africa || [[Soweto]] || 1976
|-
| 22 || [[Eureka Rebellion]] || Australia || [[Ballarat]] || 1854
|-
| 20 || [[Ludlow Massacre]] || United States || [[Ludlow, Colorado]] || 1914
|-
| 18 || [[Maria Hertogh riots]] || [[Singapore]] || || 1950
|-
| 17 || [[6 February 1934 crisis]] || [[France]] || [[Paris]] || 1934
|-
| 16 || [[Bloody Sunday (1921)]] || [[Northern Ireland]] || [[Belfast]] || 1921
|-
| 14 || [[Bloody Sunday (1972)]] || [[Northern Ireland]] || [[Derry]] || 1972
|-
| 13 || [[Socialist riot (1932)]] || Switzerland || [[Geneva]] || 1932
|-
| 13 || [[Chinese middle schools riots]] || [[Singapore]] || || 1956
|-
| 13 || [[Mendiola Street]] massacre || [[Philippines]] || || 1987
|-
|12
|[[2011 Nakba Day]]
|[[Israel]]/[[Palestinian territories]]
|
|2011
|-
| 11 || [[Peterloo Massacre]] || England || [[Manchester]] || 1819
|-
| 9 || [[1920 Nebi Musa riots]] || [[British Mandate for Palestine]] || [[Jerusalem]] || 1920
|-
| 9 || [[Fourmies, Nord|Fusillade de Fourmies]] || [[France]] || [[Fourmies, Nord|Fourmies]] || 1891
|-
| 5 || [[Ådalen shootings]]  || Sweden || [[Ådalen]] || 1931
|-
|5
|[[2011 England riots]]
|[[United Kingdom]]
|
|2011
|-
| 5 || [[Boston Massacre]] || [[British America]] || [[Boston]] || 1770
|-
| 5 || [[Greensboro massacre]] || United States || [[Greensboro, North Carolina]] || 1979
|-
| 4 || [[Kent State shootings]] || United States || [[Kent, Ohio]] || 1970
|-
| 4 || [[Hock Lee bus riots]] || [[Singapore]] || || 1955
|}

==Human sacrifice and ritual suicide==
[[File:Tzompantli Tovar.jpeg|left|350px|thumb|A ''[[tzompantli]]'', or skull rack, as shown in the post-Conquest [[Ramirez Codex]].]]
''This section lists deaths from the <u>systematic</u> practice of [[human sacrifice]] or [[suicide]]. For notable <u>individual</u> episodes, see [[List of battles and other violent events by death toll#Human sacrifice and mass suicide|Human sacrifice and mass suicide]].''

{| style="width:100%;" class="sortable wikitable"
|- style="background:#CCCC;"
!data-sort-type="number" | Geom. mean estimate<ref name="Pinto 2014 173–180"/>
!data-sort-type="number" | Lowest estimate!! style="width:7%;" data-sort-type="number" | Highest estimate !! style="width:7%;" | Event !! style="width:5%;" | Group !! style="width:5%;" | Location !! style="width:5%;" | From !! width="5%" data-sort-type="number" | To !! width="50%" data-sort-type="number" | Notes
|-
||{{nts|316228}}||{{nts|20000}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cocker|first1=Mark|title=Rivers of Blood, Rivers of Gold|date=1998}}</ref>||{{nts|5000000}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Prescott|first1=William|title=History of the Conquest of Mexico|date=1843}}</ref> || [[Human sacrifice in Aztec culture]] || [[Aztecs]] || Mexico || {{ntsh|1301}}14th century || {{nts|1521|format=no}} ||[[Tzompantli#Aztec|Skull racks]]:  60,000<ref>Ruben Mendoza (2007) p. 407-408.</ref> to 136,000<ref>Harner (1977) p. 122</ref>
|-
|| {{nts|13,000}} || {{nts|13,000}}<ref>''National Geographic'', July 2003, cited by [http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#Shang White]</ref> || {{nts|13,000}} || Human sacrifice || [[Shang dynasty]] || China || {{ntsh|-1300}}1300 BC || {{ntsh|-1050}}1050 BC || Last 250 years of rule
|-
|{{nts|12,284}}
|{{nts|12,284}}
|{{nts|12,284}}<ref>{{Cite journal|date=September 3, 2011|title=Casualties in civilians and coalition soldiers from suicide bombings in Iraq, 2003–10: a descriptive study|url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2811%2961023-4/fulltext|journal=The Lancet|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61023-4|pmid=|access-date=}}</ref>
|[[List of bombings during the Iraq War|Suicide bombings during the Iraq War]]
|[[Iraqi insurgency (2003–11)]]
|[[Iraq]]
|{{nts|2003|format=no}}
|{{nts|2011|format=no}}
|
|-
|{{nts|7941}} ||{{nts|7941}}<ref name="White-SelectedDeathTolls">Sakuntala Narasimhan, ''Sati: widow burning in India'', quoted by Matthew White, [http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstatv.htm "Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century", p.2] (July 2005), ''Historical Atlas of the 20th Century'' (self-published, 1998–2005).</ref> || {{nts|7941}} || Ritual suicides || [[Sati (practice)|Sati]] || [[British Raj|India]] || {{nts|1815|format=no}} || {{nts|1828|format=no}} ||
|-
| {{nts|3912}} || {{nts|3912}} || {{nts|3912}} || [[Kamikaze]] suicide pilots, see note<ref>This toll is only for the number of Japanese pilots killed in Kamikaze suicide missions. It does not include the number of enemy combatants killed by such missions, which is estimated to be around 4,000. Kamikaze pilots are estimated to have sunk or damaged beyond repair some 70 to 80 allied ships, representing about 80% of allied shipping losses in the final phase of the war in the Pacific (see [[Kamikaze]]).</ref> || [[Imperial Japan]] navy and army || [[Pacific War|Pacific theatre]] || {{nts|1944|format=no}} || {{nts|1945|format=no}} ||
|-
|{{nts|913}} ||{{nts|913}} ||{{nts|913}} || [[Jonestown]] murder-suicide<ref>The largest single loss of American civilian life in a deliberate act until the [[9/11|September 11, 2001 attacks.]]</ref> || Followers of The [[Peoples Temple]] cult || [[Jonestown]] ||{{ntsh|1978.88}}November 18, 1978 || {{ntsh|1978.89}}November 19, 1978||
|-
| {{nts|967}} ||{{nts|967}}{{Citation needed|date=June 2015}} || {{nts|967}} || Mass suicide motivated religious and political. || Judean rebels || [[Masada]] || {{ntsh|73.22}} Spring 73 CE || {{ntsh|73.47}} ||
|-
|{{nts|804}}
|{{nts|804}}
|{{nts|804}}
|[[Palestinian suicide attacks]]
|[[Palestinian political violence|Palestinian militants]]
|[[Israel]] and [[State of Palestine|Palestine]]
|{{ntsh|1989.51}}July 6, 1989
|{{ntsh|2016.29}}April 18, 2016
|May only include victims
|}

==Anthropogenic floods, drownings and landslides==
{{Main article|Flood|List of floods|List of deadliest floods|List of natural disasters by death toll#Floods and landslides|Landslide|List of landslides}}
''Note: These are floods and landslides that have been partially caused by humans, for example by failure of [[dam]]s, [[levee]]s, [[seawall]]s or [[retaining wall]]s.''

{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:100%;"
|-
! style="width:5%;"| Rank
! style="width:22%;"| Death toll
! style="width:40%;"| Event
! style="width:18%;"| Location
! style="width:15%;"| Date
|-
| 1. || {{ntsh|2500000}}2,500,000–3,700,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbc10.com/news/4030540/detail.html |title=Worst Natural Disasters In History |work=Nbc10.com |accessdate=2010-08-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421043514/http://www.nbc10.com/news/4030540/detail.html |archivedate=2008-04-21 |df= }}</ref> || [[1931 China floods]] || [[China]] || {{nts|1931|format=no}}
|-
| 2. || {{ntsh|900000}}900,000–2,000,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} || [[1887 Yellow River flood|1887 Yellow River (Huang He) flood]] || [[China]] || {{nts|1887|format=no}}
|-
| 3. || {{ntsh|500000}}500,000–700,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} || [[1938 Yellow River flood|1938 Yellow River (Huang He) flood]] || [[China]] || {{nts|1938|format=no}}
|-
| 4.
|| {{ntsh|380000}}200,000–560,000<ref name="Statistics of Vietnamese Democide"/><ref name="The Associated Press of 1979"/>
||[[Vietnamese boat people#Pirates and other hazards|Flight of the Boat People]]
||[[Gulf of Thailand]] and [[Pacific Ocean]]
||1978–79
|-
| 5. || {{ntsh|26000}}26,000<ref>{{cite book| author = Dai Qing| title = The River Dragon Has Come!: The Three Gorges Dam and the Fate of China's Yangtze River and Its People| url = https://books.google.com/?id=R9w2RfP-mtQC&pg=PA36| year = 1998| publisher = M.E. Sharpe| isbn = 978-0-7656-0206-0| page = 36 }}</ref>-230,000<ref>230,000 is the highest of a range of unofficial estimates, including also deaths of ensuing epidemics and famine, in {{harvnb|Yi|1998}}</ref> || The failure of 62 dams in [[Zhumadian]] Prefecture, [[Henan]], the largest of which was [[Banqiao Dam]], caused by [[Typhoon Nina (1975)|Typhoon Nina]]. || [[China]] || {{ntsh|1975.67}}August 1975
|-
| 6. || {{ntsh|145000}}145,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} || [[1935 Yangtze river flood]] || [[China]] || {{nts|1935|format=no}}
|-
| 7. || {{ntsh|100001}}more than 100,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} || [[St. Felix's Flood]], storm surge || [[Netherlands]] || {{nts|1530|format=no}}
|-
| 8. || {{ntsh|100000}}100,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} || [[Hanoi]] and [[Red River Delta]] flood || [[North Vietnam]] || {{nts|1971|format=no}}
|-
| 9. || {{ntsh|100000}}100,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} || [[1911 Yangtze river flood]] || [[China]] || {{nts|1911|format=no}}
|-
| 10. || {{ntsh|50000}}50,000–80,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} || [[St. Lucia's flood]], storm surge || [[Netherlands]], [[England]] || {{nts|1287|format=no}}
|-
| 11. || {{ntsh|10000}}10,000–50,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} || [[Vargas tragedy|Vargas Tragedy]], landslide || [[Venezuela]] || {{nts|1999|format=no}}
|-
| 12. || {{ntsh|2400}}2,400{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} || [[North Sea flood of 1953|North Sea flood, storm surge]] || [[Netherlands]], [[Scotland]], [[England]], [[Belgium]] || {{ntsh|1953.85}}31 January 1953
|-
| 12. || {{ntsh|2209}}2,209{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} || [[Johnstown Flood]] || [[Pennsylvania]] || {{ntsh|1889.25}}31 May 1889
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==See also==

===Other lists organized by death toll===
* [[List of accidents and disasters by death toll]]
* [[List of battles and other violent events by death toll]]
* [[List of events named massacres]]
* [[List of genocides by death toll]]
* [[List of murderers by number of victims]]
* [[List of natural disasters by death toll]]
* [[List of ongoing conflicts]]
* [[List of disasters in Antarctica by death toll]]
* [[List of disasters in Australia by death toll]]
* [[List of disasters in Canada by death toll]]
* [[List of disasters in Croatia by death toll]]
* [[List of disasters in Great Britain and Ireland by death toll]]
* [[List of disasters in New Zealand by death toll]]
* [[List of disasters in Poland by death toll]]
* [[List of disasters in the United States by death toll]]
* [[List of wars by death toll]]

===Other lists with similar topics===
* [[List of unusual deaths]]
* [[List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft]]
* [[List of battles]]
* [[List of disasters]]
* [[Lists of earthquakes]]
* [[List of famines]]
* [[List of historic fires]]
* [[List of invasions]]
* [[List of massacres]]
* [[List of notable tropical cyclones]]
* [[List of riots]]
* [[List of terrorist incidents]]
* [[List of wars]]
* [[Lists of rail accidents]]

===Topics dealing with similar themes===
* [[Casualties of the Iraq War]]
* [[Democide]]
* [[Famine]]
* [[Genocide]]
* [[Genocide in history]]
* [[Infectious disease]]
* [[Mass killings under Communist regimes]]
* [[Mass murder]]
* [[Most lethal battles in world history]]
* [[United States casualties of war]]

==Notes==
{{notelist-lr}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Human-made disasters}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080330210330/http://www.historynet.com/wars_conflicts/world_war_2/3037296.html Soviet Prisoners of War: Forgotten Nazi Victims of World War II]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120828194552/http://www.airdisaster.com/features/top100/top100.shtml Top 100 aviation disasters] on [[Airdisaster.com|AirDisaster.com]]

{{Disasters}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wars And Disasters By Death Toll}}
[[Category:Second Boer War concentration camps]]
[[Category:Lists of disasters]]
[[Category:Lists by death toll]]
[[Category:Death-related lists]]
[[Category:Population]]